Childhood, on earth, my university.
Childhood (19 13)
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Childhood is the first part of Gorky's famous autobiography trilogy. It tells the growth story of a lonely child "I". The novel examines the whole society and life from a unique perspective of a child. My grandfather's house is a family full of hatred and a strong habit of ordinary people. This is a suffocating family. In addition, the novel also shows the process of corruption, decline and extinction of the whole society at that time. Through the narrative of my painful childhood, the novel truly reflects the writer's difficult childhood life and unremitting pursuit of light and truth, and also shows the broad social picture of Russian society at the end of 19.
On Earth (19 16)
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On Earth is the second part of Gorky's autobiographical novel trilogy. The novel describes the life of the protagonist Aletha from 187 1 to 1884. During this period, in order to make a living, he and his grandmother worked hard to pick wild fruits, worked as apprentices for draftsmen, worked as dishwashers on ships, and worked as apprentices in icon workshops. On the road of life, he has experienced many ups and downs, dealing with all kinds of people at the bottom of society and having the opportunity to read a lot of books. Aletha's life experience and extensive reading broadened his horizons, and he was determined to "be a strong man and not give in to the environment". With such a firm belief, he left his hometown and came to Kazan.
My University (1923)
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My University is a work with profound educational significance and great artistic charm. The work tells the story of the teenager "I" who came to Kazan with the desire to go to college. After his dream was shattered, he had to work hard to survive, live in a "painting house", sell coolies and make friends with ordinary citizens and college students. He entered a vast "social university", where he learned knowledge that he could not learn in a walled university. After painful ideological exploration, he finally grew into a revolutionary intellectual. My University is still warmly welcomed by readers, inspiring generations to learn from Gorky's works the courage and belief to pursue light. This book, edited by the famous writer Liu, is a world-famous literary masterpiece "Introduction to Novels". With the help of Chinese teaching, the contents include: ideological content, artistic characteristics, guidance by famous artists, texts, feelings after reading, etc. It is helpful to improve students' Chinese performance. Gorky's autobiographical trilogy is one of Gorky's most outstanding works, and it is also a valuable asset of proletarian literature in the world. The novel has conquered the hearts of countless readers all over the world with its realistic style and warm and brave attitude towards life. After it came out, it had a wide influence and inspired countless young people eager for light and knowledge to go forward bravely. My university, the last part of the trilogy, has become one of the literary classics that middle school students like. Generation after generation has read this book, grown up step by step, and finally entered the threshold of a university. "Suffering is a university" and "People are tempered by constantly resisting the surrounding environment" have become the mottos of many people with lofty ideals, encouraging people not to give up their pursuit of a better life and ideals no matter what difficulties they encounter.
Introduction to Gorky:
Gorky (1868 ~ 1936) is a proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union and the founder of socialist realistic literature. He was born in poverty and lost his father when he was a child. 1 1 years old, he is running around the society for a living. As a stevedore, a bakery worker, slums and docks became the classrooms of his "social" university. He shared the fate with the working people and personally experienced the cruel exploitation and oppression of capitalism. This had an important influence on his thought and creative development. Gorky assiduously taught himself cultural knowledge, actively participated in revolutionary activities and explored ways to transform reality. 1892 published the first novel Macard? Cudla appeared in the literary world, and his early works mixed realism and romanticism, which was a necessary stage before the formation of his proletarian world outlook. Romantic works such as Macard? Cudla, Old Lady ezekiel (1895), Eagle Song (1895), etc. , praised the strong personality who loves freedom, yearns for light and heroic achievements, and showed the passion of fighting; Realistic works, such as Circa Shi, Fallen Man, Konarov, etc. Describe people's miserable life and their noble character, and express their anger and struggle. Most of the protagonists in these works are people who are trying to explore a new way of life, thinking about the meaning of life and full of fierce conflicts in their hearts. 190 1 year, he wrote the famous prose poem "Song of Haiyan", which shaped the brave Haiyan image symbolizing the great wisdom and courage of revolutionaries, predicted the coming revolutionary storm and inspired people to meet the great battle. This is an essay and ode of proletarian revolutionary fighting, which was warmly praised by Lenin. 1905 On the eve of the revolution, Gorky's creation turned to drama. From 190 1 to 1905, he wrote such plays as Little Citizen, Bottom, Summer Traveler, Children of the Sun, Barbarian, etc. Especially the ordinary citizens and the bottom class, show the new image and new mental outlook of workers in real life, and show their determination and optimism to fight for rights. Their performance caused a sensation in the Russian drama circle at that time. Gorky's two most important works from 65438 to 0906, Mother and Enemy, marked a new peak in his creation. Mother created the heroic images of the first batch of proletarian revolutionaries who consciously fought for socialism in the history of world literature, which is the foundation stone of socialist realistic literature. Lenin affirmed its practical significance. 1905 after the failure of the revolution, Gorky went to the United States and Italy to write a series of political articles, attacking the western capitalist system and various reactionary ideological trends that flooded the ideological and literary circles. The novella Confessions, written in 1908, exposed the idealism of creationism and was severely criticized and enthusiastically helped by Lenin. Nevertheless, Gorky's dominant tendency is still positive and full of revolutionary fighting spirit. In this paper, the characteristics of the new proletarian literary creation method are explored in many aspects, and the viewpoint of combining realism with romanticism is put forward. His creative achievements between the two revolutions are quite rich, such as The Town of Ogulov (1909), Summer (1909) and Matvei? The Life of Kremyakin (1910 ~191/Italian Fairy Tales (191~/) And the first two autobiographical novels trilogy Childhood and World (1913 ~1916). In the ten years after the October Revolution, Gorky only wrote memoirs about the unique artistic style and important literary value of Lenin and some writers, as well as the final autobiographical trilogy My University (1922 ~ 1923) and Life of Artamonov Family (1924 ~ 1923). 192 1 year, he followed Lenin's suggestion and went abroad to recuperate. 193 1 after returning to China in, he began to create a voluminous epic masterpiece "Kerim? Samgin's life is an unfinished work. 1936 before his death, he also wrote Travel Notes of the Soviet Union (1929), The Story of a Hero and several plays Egor? Bulychov et al. (1932), Toschi Gaeff et al. (1933), Vasa? Nizhneva (1935), as well as a large number of literary theories, literary criticisms and political articles, have made great contributions to Marxist literary theory and socialist cultural undertakings. Gorky is not only a great writer but also an outstanding social activist. He organized and established the Soviet Writers' Association and presided over the first writers' congress in the whole Soviet Union to cultivate new literary talents and actively participate in the cause of maintaining world peace. Gorky's works were introduced to China from 1907. His excellent literary works and papers have become the common wealth of the proletariat all over the world.