In early spring, the fields outside Xiangyang are green.
In the warm sunshine, a person walked slowly along a grassy path. In the distance, more than 20 peaks of the beautiful and elegant Fairy Mountain stand tall and low, and the mountains are beautiful and quiet against the blue wall of Xiangyang ancient city.
Men are very young, wearing round neck gowns, hats, belts and brocade boots. They look around as they walk, and sometimes they stand for a while and stare into the distance. The two corners of the hoe hanging on the shoulder are like two streamers, which fall with the man's wide robe sleeves in the spring breeze, setting off the man's elegance and aloof.
In the suburbs of early spring, the fields are empty and quiet, and there are few tourists on the banks of the Han River. Only the river flows quietly. The laughter of several children not far away alarmed a group of birds in the grass and twittered away to the distant Woods. The man smiled at me, watched the birds fly away, held back his smile and frowned. Then he looked up at the vast Datang sky and let out a slight sigh.
According to Li Bai's chronicle, Li Bai arrived in Xiangyang in 734 (the 22nd year of Kaiyuan). The year before last, he separated from Xu, built a stone house in Taohuayan, Baizhaoshan, Anlu, and opened a Shan Ye. He earned his living by farming and reading every day. It is precisely this year that his daughter Pingyang was born, which can be described as a sadness and a joy. It's puzzling that 34-year-old Li Bai had leisure to go for a spring outing outside Xiangyang City during this family dispute.
In fact, Li Bai was broad-minded and ambitious all his life. He has always been a great figure, eager to "inspire 3,000 people to rise and make rapid progress to 90,000 people" and make great achievements. At the age of thirty-four, it was when he was famous in the poetry circle that he was full of ambition and wanted to fly. His appearance in Xiangyang, the ancient city, is not entirely out of the intention of visiting famous mountains and rivers, but closely related to the ideal of life he has been pursuing diligently.
Li Bai came to Xiangyang this time to meet someone.
This man is Han Jingzhou, unknown in history.
Han Jingzhou, namely Han Chaozong, was the interviewer of Jingzhou Changshi, Xiangzhou Secretariat and Shannan Dongdao at that time. Whether an official or a poet, this person lacks merit, and it is difficult to find traces in history books or anthologies. At this time, Li Bai, who was famous as early as the early Tang Dynasty, had many well-known poems widely circulated. For example, it is difficult to travel in the middle of Sichuan, singing songs on Mount Emei, and seeing off Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou. It's everywhere. He made a special trip to Xiangyang to visit Jingzhou, North Korea, out of the desire to show his great political ambitions and the prevailing wind of paying homage in the Tang Dynasty. However, such a trip left a brilliant mark on the history of ancient literature in China. Li Bai recited countless poems in his life, and articles were extremely rare. But this year in Xiangyang, he wrote an article "Jingzhou and Han Shu", which has been passed down through the ages and made future generations remember this early spring by the Hanshui River more than 1000 years ago.
two
Cognac is a communicative behavior that requires interviews or recommendations for political purposes, and poetry articles are the main means of Cognac. As a special historical phenomenon, it has a long history. As early as the pre-Qin period, it became a common political activity with the rise and gradual activity of the "scholar" class. At the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, with the demand of talents in feudal system and the implementation of imperial examination system, the phenomenon of official approval intensified and reached its peak. It became one of the main ways for intellectuals in the Tang Dynasty to change their personal destiny and realize their personal values. Therefore, from the beginning of the imperial examination in Sui and Tang Dynasties, scholars eager for success flocked to it. In order to show their political talents or literary talents to the dignitaries, be introduced and enter the official career, they often write poems and articles to the dignitaries, local governors and examiners in the DPRK, and euphemistically express their desire to be an official in politics. Focus on introducing yourself, similar to modern self-recommendation letters. As a result, a poetic genre-cognac poetry has been formed, which has become a unique landscape in the history of China's poetry.
In his Difficult to Go, Gao Shi said with infinite emotion: "Only talented people refuse to learn how to study, so why not study every year?" It truly reflects the history of the Tang Dynasty, when dry talk prevailed. Li Bai's trip to Jingzhou, North Korea, is a microcosm of feudal poets' eagerness to pursue fame and gain under the macro-historical background of the Tang Dynasty. His visiting poems have also become a landscape for us to glimpse the feudal talent system and the fate of feudal literati.
Cognac has a very obvious historical feature, and it is difficult for many famous poets in Sui and Tang Dynasties to get rid of its vulgarity and take the road of Cognac. Li Bai is even more addicted to dry, and he has been a "dry prince" all his life. Li Bai was born smart and indifferent. He disdained to enter the official career through regular examinations such as Jinshi and Mingjing, but hoped that one day he would be appreciated and valued by the emperor. He has been to Zhang Yue and wants to meet Princess Yu Zhen. However, he lived in Zhong Nanshan for more than a month and suffered all kinds of cold reception, but all came to nothing. He also went to Beijing to seek opportunities. He immediately left Chang 'an and drifted in Henan, Hubei and other places. In the face of a series of setbacks in becoming an official, 34-year-old Li Bai is determined and still hasn't given up. He couldn't hold back his surging political ambitions, made friends and looked for opportunities to be an official. Finally, he lowered his arrogant head and fixed his eyes on Han Jingzhou.
In fact, in this context, we can also find some specific reasons for Li Bai's "being a vassal" from history, which makes this literary history rich and substantial.
According to historical records, in 732 AD (the twentieth year of Kaiyuan)-that is, two years before Li Bai's mission to Jingzhou, North Korea-in October, Xuanzong made a tour to the north of Luoyang (now Shanxi Province). As soon as the imperial edict arrived, local officials could directly recommend local talents to the court. Local officials have the right and responsibility to directly recommend talents to the imperial court, which means opening a path for scholars to directly enter the imperial court, and it is a shortcut, which can omit some unnecessary links (such as mutual recommendation between officials). The news is undoubtedly exciting for Li Bai. This is the best way to enter the official career. Because of this, he took the initiative to visit Han Jingzhou, a local official.
So, that night in the early spring of the Tang Dynasty, under the dim light of Xiangyang Inn, a man wrote a book with Han Jingzhou with a wave of his hand. Book, throw a few pens, look up at the spring moon outside the window, full of hope.
Li Bai believes that "since God has given talents, let them be used!" Never miss an opportunity to be an official.
three
Hanshu Jingzhou is a rare prose work of Li Bai, which is a typical dry goods. The full text of 600 words, wanton Wang Yang, galloping, high-spirited, gas penetration of the sun and the moon. It shows the noble soul and broad atmosphere of a great poet.
According to the stylistic characteristics of cognac poetry, as a recommendation word, it must have two characteristics. First, keep a low profile and be humble. It is necessary to highly praise the referees, show admiration and respect, and put yourself in a relatively humble position to achieve the effect of flattering. Secondly, cognac poetry is a literary work with both artistic and practical value. In other words, it can not only show literary talent, but also bring readers pleasant reading enjoyment, infect recommenders, and at the same time express their feelings and purposes. Therefore, the most taboo words in Ganzhi's poems are implicit, and their outstanding characteristics are the use of metaphor, clever metaphor and euphemism to express their feelings that are difficult to express.
The literariness and practicality of cognac style exist, contradict and restrict each other. Most literati are self-reliant and ashamed of being inferior, but in order to embark on their official career, they can only bear the burden of humiliation and flatter the powerful with words, which is naturally embarrassing. It is called "tribute" and "tribute" with poetry, which is a kind of capital of the audience, that is, the literati take "what they have done" (poetry) as a gift to the audience to express their admiration, respect and loyalty to the dignitaries. The so-called "meeting each other with a basket" was a necessary etiquette at that time. For example, Han Yu once wrote "The Book of a Beautiful Slippery State" and said, "The more so, the more Confucian he is, and he dares not use it to advance, but only cares about ancient rituals and steals the old chapter 15 ... This book can show the boy's ambition." Giving gifts to show literary talent and calling yourself a "boy" is an embarrassing self-confession, which can be described as humility and humiliation. At that time, Han Yu was twenty-three years old and had a little fearless spirit. After failing in the exam, he wrote this letter to Jia Dan, then the prime minister who assisted the emperor in discussing state affairs. Of course, it is conceivable that this "warlord" has fallen into the sea.
Although Hiderigami's poems were very popular at that time, some Geng people were still ashamed of Hiderigami. Du Fu chanted 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian, saying, "To understand physiology and be ashamed of things alone. I have swallowed my voice so far. " "Biography of Northern History Li Daoyuan" also said: "(The first contract) is very glorious, beggars are not self-sufficient, and many people laugh." They all expressed their sense of shame, which lies in the fact that the act of swearing contains a strong utilitarian color.
Although Li Bai is ambitious, he is in a hierarchical feudal system, and it is difficult to display and refine himself, so he is also addicted to following the fashion. In Li Bai and Du Fu, Guo Moruo also pointed out that Li Bai was utilitarian and eager to get ahead. In Hanshu Jingzhou, Li Bai perfectly embodies the above two stylistic features. What's even more surprising is that the text breaks the old pattern of being too humble, coy and hypocritical, is original, ignores the dignitaries as their agents, shows an image of a great poet full of talent and self-confidence, and exudes a strong and extraordinary personality.
four
The aura belongs to the category of spirit and psychology. It is a mysterious and subtle field in the field of super psychology, spiritual thought and new era sports. It is a cocoon-shaped halo with luminous and multicolor characteristics that surrounds human beings or other biological individuals. In Chinese, it is usually translated as aura or atmosphere. Refers to the influence of a person's temperament release on the surrounding environment and people. Correspondingly, it can also be understood as a description of invisible energy emitted by people. Let's apply this concept to the category of literary appreciation, describe and interpret Li Bai with the poet's personality temperament exuded from the text, and appreciate the powerful writing (language) atmosphere contained in the text from this dimension.
Aura 1: The text begins by saying, "I heard that there are many scholars in the world, so I said,' I was born without sealing Wan Huhou, but I hope I can get to know Jingzhou in Korea.' Obviously, this is an exaggerated writing, and it is also Li Bai's consistent language style. Li Bai took this opportunity to praise Han Jingzhou, and lifted Han Jingzhou to a high position from the beginning, killing two birds with one stone. It not only praised each other, but also built a high-profile platform for the next high-profile introduction. Writing the world frankly, heroism appeared for the first time, which laid a high tone for the full text.
Gas field 2: Next, it is said that Jingzhou, South Korea "has the wind of the Duke of Zhou, bowing and spitting", which makes people at home and abroad all return to his door. Another compliment, expressing admiration. Then the conversation changed, and I said, "There is one thing that makes Bai stand out from the crowd, and that is how to stand out." Frankly speaking, if I had the chance, I would be the one who stood out. Put the topic on yourself skillfully. Moreover, the topic extends naturally and smoothly. From ancient times to the present, it is like flowing clouds, without a trace of stubbornness, and it is more heroic than before, adding a poet's pride.
Gas field 3: self-introduction is full of pride. "Fifteen good swordsmanship, dry princes, 30% articles, and a clear picture" tells an extraordinary experience, which is not so much a recommendation as a wave of momentum. Then, "Although it is less than seven feet long, it is even more amazing. It has a special bearing of a man hero, which can not be underestimated and is impressive.
Generally speaking, most of them are humble, and some are even flattering. For example, in Zhu Qingyu's poem "A Boudoir Offers Water", he said: "Last night, a red candle was stopped in the bridal chamber to pay homage to my aunt and uncle. After putting on makeup, I whispered to my husband, is thrush deep and fashionable? " The poet compares himself to the bride, his friend Zhang Ji to his husband, and the examiner to his in-laws. Among them, dressing up is a metaphor for poetry writing practice, and the depth of thrush is a metaphor for the style of the article, which implicitly and vividly shows the situation and anxiety of the exam. Although the poem is cleverly conceived and the metaphor is just right, it obviously shows the attitude of clinging to the powerful and flattering, and there is no pattern at all. In contrast, Li Bai's aloof and generous poet's personality is bursting out, with no eyes at all, but dignified and arrogant.
Gas field 4: This paragraph is the core of the text and the climax of Li Bai's gas field. The author once again praised Han Jingzhou's virtue, writing style and knowledge. Of course, the purpose is to introduce your excellent talents.
"Fortunately, I am willing to open my heart and look at it for a long time." I hope you are generous and kind, and don't refuse me because I don't bow my head. This passage is obviously a temptation and a euphemism for making friends with the prince.
According to ancient etiquette, when peers meet, they use a long bow, that is, holding their hands high and keeping their heads down (fists above their heads and hanging their heads), and subordinates greet their superiors or predecessors with a bow. Li Bai once said in his life, "How can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials who will never be shown with honesty?" Although he wants something from others, he doesn't want to condescend to Han Jingzhou. Although it is dry, Li Bai still regards the relationship between them as an equal exchange. For the public interest and even the normal exchange between scholars, he treats them equally. This supercilious and unconventional approach shows the poet's unpretentious character and contempt for the arrogant temperament of powerful people, which cannot but be admired and admired.
Li Bai went on to say, "If there is a high banquet in the back, then we can talk about it clearly. Please try everything every day and rely on horses. " If you are willing to receive me with a feast and let me speak freely, please write thousands of words every day and try me again. I will wave my hand in an instant. The lofty and arrogant attitude has become more and more casual instead of decreasing, and even put forward the specification requirements for recruiting talents and talents for Han Jingzhou. This stems from Li Bai's confidence and conceit in literary talent, and he firmly believes that his talent is enough to cover the world. Very talented and aggressive.
In this case, "why not cherish the land in front of the steps so that you can't be proud and excited?" The text introduces the theme here, just like the script comes to a climax. This is a question, but it is not a question, but a question, even an order. When I arrived at Li Bai, this kind of "request" recommendation became an undeniable "must" recommendation. Here, the poet's aura suddenly reached its peak, and the literary spirit, heroism, heroism and righteousness were brewing together, just like volcanic eruption and magma spurting, overflowing between heaven and earth. "China's View of Ancient Literature" commented here: "This passage is saying that I would like to know Jingzhou, but I will never make a cold gesture, which makes me feel very heroic." At this point, Li Bai completed this visit and expressed his wishes completely and sincerely.
Atmosphere 5: "If you give me a humble opinion, please give me paper and ink and be a writer" (if you are interested in my poor works, please prepare paper and ink and a copy). This is a passage by Li Bai at the end of the article, which once again shows the poet's proud character of relying on heaven.
In order to show their literary talent, most of the writers offer poems and articles on their own initiative, which is the "rut" mentioned above. Li Bai, a maverick, told Han Jingzhou that if you want to see my talent in poetry and prose, please prepare paper, ink and copy. So far only Li Bai is proud. "China's View on Ancient Literature" also said in amazement: "If you recommend yourself in words instead of your own words, please give it to a pen and paper writer first. What a good identity. "
Most importantly, Han's Jingzhou Book swept away the secular, trite, flattering and embarrassing spirit of ancient dry poetry. Li Zhuo, with a gesture of "emerging from the mud without staining", became a magnificent flower in the history of ancient China prose. Throughout the text, this "qi" is not only the qi of words, the qi of language, but also the talent, heroism, heroism and righteousness. A word "qi" runs through the whole text, such as dragon dancing and lion roaring, and if the river waves and tides, it is magnificent and shocking. Literary talent is full of vigor and vitality, heroic and dashing as the sun and the moon, aloof and proud of ancient and modern times, noble and upright. Brilliance, heroism, heroism and righteousness are integrated into one, which permeates the text, forming a vast gas field of an ancient great poet, spreading the light of words and literature, so that future generations can still feel the great energy reflected by words more than 1000 years ago, making future generations awe-inspiring and passionate.
five
In the late spring in Xiangyang, the fields are full of flowers.
The man appeared on the grassy path again, and the wind still blew his hoe and robe sleeves and fell together. He staggered to Xiangyang City and got drunk with Tao Tao. He sang behind him: "Didn't you see that the sheep in the Jin Dynasty were stones and the glans was peeling berries?" Tears can't be dumped for it, and the heart can't mourn for it ... "
The setting sun shines on the path at night, and the lonely light shines on his hazy shadow for a long time. ...
Sadly, after the book with Han Jingzhou was published, the stone sank into the sea and Han Chaozong did not respond. Li Bai and others just came to watch the spring fade away day by day. In the literary history of the Tang Dynasty, this story ended without results in that bleak spring. However, from a historical point of view, Li Bai was not recommended, and even later he was given money to return to his hometown, which shows the inevitability that he could not realize his political desire of "doing good for the world". Mr. Guo Moruo also said in Li Bai and Du Fu that he was born in that era, but he refused to "ruin his eyebrows and bend over to serve the powerful", and his political ideal could not be realized, only a dream. This is also the inevitable fate of many people with lofty ideals in that era.
Li Bai was noble and noble all his life. He despised the feudal hierarchy, refused to flatter, and even disdained the ups and downs of the world. The dark social reality stifled the poet's political ideal, but could not stifle his desire for personality freedom and temperament liberation. After this failure, he turned to fight for personal freedom with a wild and uninhibited attitude towards life. Drinking after drinking, singing, making friends, seeking immortality and learning Taoism, and traveling around became his main ways to resist reality.
Shi Zai, in 734 AD (the 22nd year of Kaiyuan), traveled to Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei) in the spring, went to Korea to write a book in Jingzhou, and left a poem "Song of Xiangyang" to Jiangxia (now Wuhan) in the late spring.