Why not?
1. In ancient times, the productivity was insufficient, and China was an agricultural society that depended on the weather. Water control itself was a major guarantee for the people to live and work in peace and contentment, and it also belonged to a major strategy for governing the country.
2. Vigorously develop national agriculture, so that people can have land to grow and food to produce, and live and work in peace and contentment.
3. Dayu redefined the territory of China and created the concept of geography.
4. Retreat the Three Miao (barbarians) repeatedly to ensure the peace of the people
5. Establish a dynasty and change the political system: end the rough organizational form of tribal alliances in primitive society in China, create a new social and political form of "state", replace primitive society with classes, and China has entered civilization from barbarism. Second, in the ancient history of China, Shun, Fu Shuo, Jiao Wei, Guan Zhong, Sun Shuao, and Bai Xixi were promoted by the kings. Shun was once a farmer, and later was the minister of the ancient emperors Fu Shuo, Fu Shuo, and Wu Ding of Shang Dynasty.
Because he was engaged in plate building in Fuyan (now Pingludong, Shanxi), he was used by Wu Ding, so he took Fu as his surname. Before entering politics, Fu Shuo worked as a slave in Fu Yan.
It's the junction of Yu and Guo, and it's also the main traffic road. Because the running water in the mountain stream often washes away the road, the slaves built a road protection here. Fu Shuo made a living by engaging in printing and building. Although he was talented, he could not display it.
Wu Ding, the king of Shang Dynasty, was an emperor who made great efforts to govern. Before he ascended the throne, he once lived among "little people" and knew more about the actual situation in society.
After he ascended the throne, he didn't manage the government for three years, and the state affairs were all managed by Jia Zai. He watched from the sidelines and thought about the strategy of reviving the Shang Dynasty. Later, Fu Shuo was found among the slaves who built the road protection, and he was selected as the phase.
after Fu Shuo became the prime minister, he assisted Wu Ding in vigorously reforming politics and "honoring the Yin state", so that the nobles and civilians did not complain, which was called "the Great Governance of the Yin State" and "the Renaissance of the Yin Road" in history. Wu Ding once became the heyday of the late Shang Dynasty.
Fu Shuo, a famous generation, how he managed the country and revived the Shang Dynasty, but left few words and deeds for future generations to learn from. However, there are many legends about him.
As for the legend of the meeting between Fu Shuo and Wu Ding, Kong Yingda's Book of Justice in the Tang Dynasty quoted a record of Huangfu Mi in the Western Jin Dynasty, saying that Wu Ding, the Emperor Gaozong of Yin, dreamed that God had given him a wise man, who covered himself with clothes worn by slaves and said that his surname was Fu, saying that he was doing hard labor. Wu Ding woke up and thought, "Fu Zhe, Xiang Dian.
the speaker is yue ye. There should be people in the world who can help me and please the people! " I think this is a good sign that I will get a good helper to govern the world.
after dawn, he told the officials about the dream, but no one believed him. Wu Ding asked people to draw the image of the dreamer, searched all over the country, and found Fu Shuo in Fu Yan.
The legend about Fu Shuo's political experience appeared in the Pseudo-Ancient History in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, including three parts: Telling Life. The first part describes the process of Fu Shuo's first meeting with Wu Ding and his remarks to persuade Wu Ding to be modest and coachable. The middle part is Fu Shuo's statement of the general plan of governing the country to Wu Ding, among which there is a famous saying that "it is difficult to know, but it is difficult to walk", and the next part is the words of encouragement from the monarch and the minister. Although the above legends are not faithful to history, they can reflect the position of Fu Shuo, a politician in ancient times, in people's minds.
Jiao Wei, a local printmaker, was appointed by the military attache as Guan Yiwu, Guan Zhong (about 73 BC-645 BC), a native of Yingshang (now Yingshang South, Anhui Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was born after the decline of a famous family. In his youth, Guan Zhong, on the one hand, was influenced by his once brilliant family history, and he was extraordinary, ambitious and had the consciousness of doing something vigorous.
On the other hand, the poverty of his family and the frustrations of making a living made Guan Zhong have a tenacious enterprising spirit. The disputes in troubled times and the turmoil of the current situation have tempered and forged Guan Zhong's ability to clearly observe the world and understand the current situation. In order to realize his ambition of fame and fortune in the world, he learned from sages, learned martial arts, made friends, and made investigations and practices, and absorbed the ways of governing the family, governing the country, and leveling the world in many ways, laying a solid foundation for later becoming a ruler, dominating princes, and establishing great achievements.
Guan Zhong's early personal struggles were not smooth: he lost money in business, was expelled as an official, lost the war, and helped Gong Zijiu become a prisoner. However, these hardships enriched his experience, honed his will, accumulated his life experience and improved his political quality, so he later seized the opportunity and succeeded in one fell swoop.
The direct reason for Guan Zhong's leap from a prisoner under the rank of death is the recommendation of his intimate friend Bao Shuya. When Qi Huangong wanted to appoint Bao Shuya, Bao Shuya focused on the country and strongly recommended Guan Zhong: "Governing the country is beyond my competence, only Guan Yiwu can do it.
I am inferior to Guan Yiwu in five aspects: I am inferior to him in being generous and benefiting the people; Governing the country without losing authority, I am not as good as him; Faithful to the princes, I am not as good as him; I am not as good as him in making etiquette demonstrations in all directions; Armor and drums, standing at the military gate, doubled morale, I am not as good as him. Guan Yiwu is like the parents of the people. To govern his son, we can't do without their parents. "
(Guan Zi Xiao Kuang only bets on the title of the book. However, Guan Zhong and Qi Huangong did not recommend Bao Shuya at the time of their deathbed, but recommended Ji Peng, which also reflected the importance of the country.
It can be seen that the friendship between Guan Bao and Bao, which is praised by the world, is a friendship based on the orientation of comrades who attach importance to the country. Qi Huangong abandoned the personal vendetta against an arrow, appointed Guan Zhong as the phase, and Guan Zhong thanked him for his kindness in meeting him, and assisted Qi Huangong Tuba. It's true that a virtuous man meets a wise gentleman, and a wise man meets a virtuous man, and a gentleman and a minister meet him, bringing out the best in each other! Guan Zhong won the reuse of Qi Huangong by virtue of his extraordinary political talent, worshiping him first as the prime minister and then as the "Guanzhong", and he almost obeyed his words, so that Guan Zhong's talents were brought into full play: he knew people well and was good at their duties, and recommended a large number of talented people; He reformed the internal affairs and stabilized the social order of Qi. His policy of enriching the people by developing the economy has greatly increased the national strength of Qi and made the people rich and the country strong. He trained Jiabing and strengthened his military strength. He "respected the king and resisted foreigners", which expanded the political influence of Qi. He used both etiquette and law to establish the hegemony of Qi.
Guan Zhong assisted Qi Huangong for nearly 4 years, and managed a Qi state that was originally "barren and sparsely populated" to become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period, with great achievements and far-reaching influence. In 645 BC, Guan Zhong passed away. His death caused grief in the ruling and opposition circles of the State of Qi. People buried him in Niushan, south of Linzi, the capital of the State of Qi, and set up a tall stone tablet for him, forever commemorating his merits and demerits for later generations.
A century after Guan Zhong assisted Qi Huangong in dominating, Confucius once praised Guan Zhong's achievements, saying: Guan Zhong assisted Qi Huangong in dominating the vassals, saved the Zhoushi, and benefited the people until now. Without Guan Zhong, we would have let our hair loose and left our skirts open, and become ordinary people under barbarian rule.
This reflects the special role of Guan Zhong's achievements in the development of Chinese culture. Liang Qichao, a modern reformist leader and famous historian, rated Guan Zhong as "the first-rate figure in the history of China" and "the biggest politician in China, but also a tycoon in academic and ideological circles."
This shows the far-reaching influence of Guan Zhong's thoughts and achievements. Sun Shuao, a native of the State of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, lived in seclusion on the seashore. The King of Chu Zhuang knew that he was talented and used him as the doctor of Yu State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
fear of death. Third, the historical legends and stories about Shun
On the bank of the Bahe River (now near Yangling, Xihe Township, Pingli), there is a Shun granary. Autumn is coming, and the autumn harvest is imminent. The stepmother sent Shun to clean and repair the granary, saying that she would prepare for the autumn harvest. Being abused by his stepmother, Shun often doesn't even have enough to eat. On this day, Shun came to clean and repair the granary early in the morning. It was already after noon, and he had not eaten breakfast. He was tired and hungry, so he couldn't help falling asleep on the barn floor. Just as he was sleeping soundly, he was suddenly awakened by the raging fire in the granary. It was early autumn, the sun was shining, and occasionally there was a gust of river wind blowing. When Shun saw that the barn was on fire, he didn't know that there was a conspiracy to harm, so he rushed around and tried to put out the fire. However, the fire took advantage of the wind, and the wind helped the fire. Seeing that there was no hope of putting out the fire, I had to abandon the barn and flee for my life. But he never expected that the only door to get in and out had already been locked by his stepmother. In a hurry, someone shouted at the back of the room: Brother Shun, please go to the roof quickly and take refuge from the locust tree behind the house! Shun Dunsheng quickly went up the back stairs along the stone stairs, turned over the roof, and came to the back eaves. He saw a branch of a big locust tree stretching straight to the edge of the back eaves. When he looked carefully, it turned out that his little sister was waving to him straight on the big locust tree. Shun didn't have time to think about it, so he reached out and grabbed the locust branch and slammed it, and a century later he swung on the big locust tree. At this time, I heard my little sister crying and saying, Brother Shun doesn't know something. It's all a trick set by my mother to harm you. Fortunately, a pagoda tree saved your life. Now, you mustn't go out. They have invited several arsonists to guard the front door. You have to see the house burn with your own eyes. Here, I brought you dry food to satisfy your hunger. You should climb to the top of the tree to avoid them, and run for your life when it gets dark! Shun listened attentively, deeply grateful to his sister's true feelings and good intentions, and climbed to the top of the tree to hide, not for the time being.
But after fleeing for his life, Shun was robbed several times and survived. Then his fortune changed, and he became an emperor and eventually became a great instrument. One day, Shun came to the big pagoda tree that had saved his life, burned incense and bowed down, and presented the big pagoda tree as a immortal tree. Seed all the year round, green husk is not old. The world found that whether in the hot summer or in the cold winter, Sophora japonica has evergreen skin, lush foliage and seeds every year. According to folklore, it is because of the worship of Emperor Yu Shun!
The legend of the Shun King Monument
The Shun King Monument, known as the "Shun Wang Long Monument", is engraved with seven characters "The Emperor Shun has the Tomb of the Yu Family", which was originally on the Sanfen Stone and later moved to the side of the Shun Temple by the Dayang River. There is also a legend about the cause of migration.
According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Shun, there were nine evil dragons in Jiuyi Mountain, which were separated from each other in "Panlong Cave" and "Jiuyi Rock", endangering people's lives. Emperor Shun heard of his southern tour, went through three places and four waters, saw five mountains and three mountains, and finally came to Jiuyi Mountain. He led the people to fight for three years and killed four dragons in Jiuyi Rock. Then the war lasted for three years, and four dragons in the Panlong Cave were killed. After another three years of war, Fang killed the old dragon in the Shitianhu pond in Sanfeng. After nine years of hard work, Emperor Shun finally fell ill under the Three Peaks Stone. On his deathbed, Hao Tao, the minister, asked him what he had ordered. He said, "No heavy burial, just choose a loess plateau under the Three Peaks Stone and bury it with a tile coffin and cloth." Finally, he pointed to the Tianhu pool on the stone of Sanfeng, and the dragon died. After Shun's death, people carved a 3-kg dragon tablet and stood under the Sanfeng stone. Hao Tao thought, this place is too dangerous, so it is better to move to Dayang River. On the day of enlightenment, the tablet was too heavy for thirty strong men to lift. At this time, several white cranes flew from the sky and two elephants came from the ground. The elephant rolled up the tombstone with its nose and left, with the crane leading the way. When I walked to the Huanglong Cave in xiongjiashan, suddenly, an old man with white hair came out of the cave and said with a smile, "Born in the Imperial City, I died in Jiuyi Mountain. The crane came to lead the way and the elephant came to carry the funeral." With that, he turned into a yellow dragon, bared his teeth and refused to be buried here. The elephant had to go forward again, cross the horseshoe depression, cross the big mulberry pond and come to a big rock. This big rock is very strange, 3 feet high, reaching the sky. The rock is shaped like a dragon, and the dragon horn, longan, dragon beard and dragon teeth are all available. There are two Longquan in the west of the mountain. Fairy Baima also piled a crown on the peak with stones and put a jade belt on the mountain. This is really the land of phoenix in Long Qian. As soon as the elephant put the dragon tablet down, it fell 3 feet into the ground and stood upright in the middle. So, Emperor Shun's dragon body was lowered from the stone ridge, and tile coffins were built, and groups of white cranes came from all directions to bring purple mussel shells and fill them with tile coffins. This is the origin of the "tile coffin shell burial".
build house, Hao Tao, is an nunnery and has been guarding the Shun Mausoleum. After death, he turned into a pine tree, which grew on the rock beside the tomb, standing like a general, guarding Shun Di who was buried underground. Fourth, how did the dynasty ruled by Shun perish?
Shun ceded the throne to Yu, and Yu convened a tribal alliance in Tu Shan to conquer Sanmiao again.
According to Zuo Zhuan, "all nations who hold jade and silk" joined the Tu Shan League, which shows the appeal of Xia tribe. Once in Huiji (Shaoxing, Zhejiang) tribal alliance, the leader of Fangfeng was executed by Yu for being late.
Ancient literature also records that Yu paid tribute according to the distance of the vassal tribes, which shows that Xia clan controlled the surrounding tribes economically. Yu once elected Hao Tao, the prestigious leader of Yan surname in the East, as his successor to show his respect for the traditional abdication system.
however, Hao Tao died before Yu did. Yu also named Bo Yi, the leader of Dongyi, as his successor.
after Yu's death, Yi (Bo Yi, some people think that Yi is not Bo Yi, but two people of the same era) held a funeral for Yu in accordance with the tradition of tribal alliance, and mourned for three years. After three years of funeral, Yi didn't get power, but Kai got power with the support of the people.
There are different opinions about this period of history: the ancient version of Annals of Bamboo Records records that "after the benefit ascended the throne, it was initiated to kill the benefit and won the throne"; Another said, "After Yi succeeded to the throne, some tribes did not submit to Yi, but supported Qi, launched a war against Yi's tribe, and finally won the power. After that, Yi led the Dongyi Alliance to crusade against Kai.
After several years' struggle, Qi established his position as the leader in the tribal alliance, but his * * * shared the view that "the public world" became "the family world". Since then, the abdication system has been replaced by the hereditary system.
This indicates that the long primitive society has been replaced by the private ownership society, which should be said to be a progress in history. However, the establishment of a new system will inevitably meet with some opposition.
Later, many people tended to abdicate traditional tribes to question Kai's power. On the outskirts of Qidu, the Hu family fought bravely, led the tribal alliance to crusade against Qidu, and fought against Qijun in Gansu.
Before the war, he declared that his power was "respectful to heaven", which was the embryonic form of the theory of the son of heaven in the later Zhou Dynasty. Qi had the approval of the people in the Central Plains, and had a great advantage in the number of people. In the end, he defeated the Youhu family and was punished as a herdsman.
This victory represents that the mainstream social concept in the Central Plains has changed from the original abdication system to the hereditary system. When Xia Yu established the reign of Xia Jie, the governors of various countries had not come to congratulate him.
The internal affairs of the Xia royal family were not repaired, foreign invasions continued, class contradictions became increasingly acute, and the people were in dire straits. However, Xia Jie did not make progress, and was arrogant and extravagant.
According to the Chronicle of Bamboo Books, he "built a palace, decorated a Yao platform, made a room for the Qiong, and erected a jade gate" [7]. He also searched for beautiful women from all over the world, hid in the harem, and drank and had fun with Xian Xi and the ladies-in-waiting day and night.
It is said that the wine pool has been built to be large enough for sailing, and drunken drowning often happens. Absurd things often make my sister laugh and laugh. Taishiling saw Xia Jie's extravagance in the end, so he went to the palace to cry and remonstrate with Xia Jie, saying, "Since ancient times, emperors have been diligent and cherish the people's strength, and only then can they win the people's love.
people's blood and sweat can't be provided for one person's entertainment. Such luxury, only national subjugation. "
Xia Jie was very impatient, and rebuked Zonggu for meddling. Zonggu knew that Xia Jie was hopeless and knew that summer was bound to die, so he went to Shang Tang. Minister Guan Longti admonished Xia Jie several times, but Xia Jie just wouldn't listen. Guan Longti said, "