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Ouyang Jian: Discussion on the Evaluation of A Brief History of Chinese Novels

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In the conclusion of A Brief History of Chinese Novels, Hu Shizan praised "the collection is very diligent, the materials are very precise, and the system is also very cautious" (Preface to the History of Vernacular Literature), and Zheng Zhenduo praised "the foundation has been established, the materials have been collected, and after sharp investigation and precise analysis, the judgment is fair, not sloppy, not reluctant" (What is the conclusion of Lu Xun's academic spirit? A Ying summed it up as "exploring the influence of tendency and clarifying artistic characteristics" (about A Brief History of Chinese Novels), and in the words of Lu Xun's 19th novel A Brief History of Human Feelings in Ming Dynasty (I), it is to reveal "image" and "speech". The former refers to the evaluation of content or thought, while the latter refers to the evaluation of form or art, which constitutes the two wings of its value orientation demonstration and judgment.

While being praised by scholars, Hu Shi's comments on "too few judgments" also showed unanimous regret. In this regard, Lu Xun also admitted in his letter to Hu Shi: "It is a pity that A Brief History of Novels has been finished. Too little judgment, as it says; Xuan Tong said the same thing. My introspection is too easy to talk about feelings, so it is actually a shortcoming to avoid this matter. " (See Hu Shi's Diary192365438+Feb. 3 1) The so-called "less" is that the words used are few and the judgment terms are too brief; First, the number is small, and many works are in a state of absence. People have different understandings of this.

Regarding the word "few", although Lu Xun said that "comments are too concise, which will easily lead to unintentional misunderstanding or intentional misinterpretation" (preface to A Collection of Two Hearts), there are still many people in the academic circle who think that the argument in A Brief History is good on "few". They say that the simplicity of words embodies the essence of connotation. Exquisite and unique policing strategy, concise and to the point. For example, in the seventh article of Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Shi Shuo Xin Yu before and after it, it is concluded that "remembering words is lofty and cool, remembering lines is lofty and magnificent, and it is also a smile"; The eighth chapter of Li Wa Biography, The Legend of Tang Dynasty (I), is based on "simple and good writing style, and the matter of Li Wa is close to emotion, so it is tearful"; The conclusion of the fifteenth chapter "History since Yuan and Ming Dynasties" in Dangkou Zhi is: "The writing in the book creates things, and sometimes it tries to capture the scene, and many people have never tried it. Among similar novels entangled with old works, Gaicha is the best "; The twenty-third satirical novel "The Scholars" in Qing Dynasty takes "upholding public interest above everything else, pointing out the disadvantages of the times and being ahead of the times, especially in the scholars; In a few words, it contains infinite essence and shows insight and foresight based on the writer's vision and modern literary consciousness. It is regarded as the highlight and essence of a brief history, and it has become the origin of continuous thinking and a tireless reference.

As for the absence of a judgment, according to Gu's statement, "Ancient man-made history does not need a judgment, but its meaning can be seen in the preface, and only Taishi Gong can make it" (There is a judgment in the preface of Japanese Records and Historical Records), which seems to be just in line with traditional historical examples. Therefore, some people say that it is the genius of Shilue to describe and sort out the facts without making value evaluation and judgment. It is also said that stingy judgment is a shortcoming, but it is good to remain calm: "Because as far as the fierce artillery fire expressed by Lu Xun in his essays is concerned, if there are academic works in the history of novels, I am afraid it will become another style foreseen by Lu Xun himself. It is precisely because of Lu Xun's enthusiasm in A Brief History of Chinese Novels that it has become more credible and reliable after being tempered again after calm thinking.

But the judgment is too simple, after all, it is easy to produce ambiguity; There is no judgment on important works, and in the end it can't be considered normal. It should be noted that A Brief History of China's Novels covers all ancient novels for thousands of years. According to the statistics of classical Chinese novels in China and popular novels in China, there are 2 184 classical Chinese novels and 1 164 vernacular novels. They are not only numerous, but also numerous in some parts. Facing this reality, we must make up our minds to read more novels. "Too few judgments" is not only the characteristic of Shilue, but also the key to solve the mystery of Shilue, from which we can see a contradictory Lu Xun and an antinomy Lu Xun.

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Guo Moruo said that Lu Xun and Wang Guowei's ideological course and research methods are "strikingly similar": "They are both in the era of the alternation of the old and the new, they have already reserved considerable savings for the old school, and they have also received quite strict scientific training. Although their ambition to become physicists or doctors has not been realized, they have made brilliant achievements by using scientific methods to study or create old things back and forth "(historical figures Lu Xun and Wang Guowei). Lu Xun and Wang Guowei have similarities in introducing foreign ideas (so-called "scientific training" and "scientific methods") to "rejuvenate", but their foothold or starting point is completely different. Wang Guowei's "ancient appearance and ancient decoration, the lookout needs to be suspicious of Zhu Lao and self-styled, and his heart is pure today." He has a tacit understanding of the scientific spirit of the motive force of modern culture, and there is nothing to refuse "(preface to the special commemorative issue of Mr. Wang Jing 'an in the third volume of Liang Qichao's On Chinese Studies). Unlike Wang Guowei, who tends to be conservative, Lu Xun's intention to introduce the West is to get rid of the old. He said: "when I look at my credentials, I always feel that I will calm down and leave life;" When reading foreign books-except India-I always touch life and want to do something. Although China's book persuaded people to join the WTO, it was also the optimism of zombies. Even if foreign books are decadent and world-weary, they are decadent and world-weary of the living, so they advocate reading less or not reading China books and reading more foreign books. " ("Young People Must Read") and said: "Our top priority now is survival, food and clothing and development. If there are any obstacles to this progress, whether it is ancient or modern, whether it is a person or a ghost, it is the Three Tombs and Five Codes, the thousand yuan of the Song Dynasty, the celestial sphere and the river map, the golden jade Buddha, the ancestral pill powder, and the secret ointment Dan. " (It suddenly occurred to me) Lu Xun, who advocated reading less or even paying no attention to credentials, even decided that "China's ancient books were harmful to people" (1916 letter to Xu Shoushang), because of the need of part-time teaching, he had to face a large number of China books to write a brief history of China's novels. In order to carry out their own ideas, it is doomed that it is impossible to praise the value of ancient novels. This is also one of the reasons why there are too few judgments in Shi lue.

Take the judgment of Taiping Guangji as an example. Taiping Guangji is a master of ancient novels, with 500 volumes and more than 400 quotations. Most of the novels of the Tang Dynasty mentioned in A Brief History are preserved by Taiping Guangji, so it goes: "There are many people who have preserved Taiping Guangji today (most of the books are corrupted, and the time and author are unknown), which is really unique in the Tang Dynasty." His specific works are: Gu Jingji (Guangji, 230), Biography of General Bujiang White Ape (Guangji, 444), Bedside Ji (Guangji, 82), Biography of the Stone Man (Guangji, 452), Xiang Yu, Strange Dream Record and Dream of Dreams. Biography of Li Wa (Guangji, 484), Biography of Yingying (Guangji, 488), Biography of Taishou (Guangji, 475), Biography of Xie Xiaoe (Guangji, 49 1), Biography of Lujiang Fengwei (Guangji) and Biography of Liu 275), Biography of Warriors (486), Biography of Non-Smoke (49 1), Biography of Prostitutes (ditto) and Biography of Campus Guests (Guang Ji) show that there is no "Pinghua" in the Song Dynasty, which is the so-called "vernacular novel" today. Ye Luo's "Drunken Man on the Development of Lu Novels" said: "Although husband novelists are at the end of their studies, they are particularly knowledgeable, not mediocre, and often superficial. He has the theory of knowing a lot. When he was young, he learned Taiping Guangji and attacked history books from ancient times to the present. " It can be seen that the "Pinghua" in the Song Dynasty was nourished by Taiping Guangji. Lu Xun, who wrote the ancient novels Hook and Legend of Tang and Song Dynasties, should fully realize the lofty position of Taiping Guangji in ancient novels.

However, the eleventh article of A Brief History, Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio, emphasizes: "Since Song Ping lived in one room and collected books from various countries, Wang Chen assisted many celebrities in the country, or had complaints, so he tried his best to recruit a cabinet to write books"; The Historical Changes of China's Novels put it more bluntly: "This is the purpose of the government, but it only uses this cause to adopt celebrities to reduce its political reaction. It has never been interested in literature and art." It is often the usual method for later generations to belittle a cause from the motive, which I don't want to see in a brief history. As for the value of this book, to put it simply: "Guang Ji has a rich collection of books, with 344 kinds. According to the novelists of the Han, Jin and Five Dynasties, those who lost this book today often got 55 copies with their textual research. According to the number of volumes of each book, we can also know which one is described by Jin and Tang novels. In fact, this theory of "inadvertently leaving an old story about Xun Lin" is quite derogatory. The evidence is in "The Story of the Tang Dynasty about Hui": "I think Taiping Guangji has two advantages. First, it covers almost all novels from the Six Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty. After a cursory study, you don't need to buy many books. Second, ghosts, ghosts, monks and Taoism are distinct, and gathering together can make us very tired. For the descendants of the fox's Taiping Guangji, there is no courage to read it. " The disgust expressed by "seeing and hating" coincides with the proposition of "reading less or even paying attention to credentials"

As a master of ancient novels, the value of Taiping Guangji lies not only in "gathering wealth", but also in "classified compilation". It classifies the novel heritage for the first time and makes great contributions to the novel taxonomy. The classification of Tai Ping Guang Ji not only provides convenience for reading, but also points out the essential characteristics of strange novels with its unique classification, and attaches importance to "things", that is, nature, thus embodying the editor's unique vision. Liu Yun's "Tai Ping Guang Ji Biao" said: "Fu is divided into six books and nine streams, all of which are saints. It is enough to enlighten wisdom and make the past serve the present. " The classification and compilation of Tai Ping Guang Ji, as well as its brief name "55", followed the mistakes of predecessors. There are 500 volumes of Tai Ping Guang Ji, which are divided into 9 1 categories according to the subject matter, and then divided into more than 50 sub-categories of/kloc-0, with about 7,000 articles (at that time). In addition to the names of celebrities, frugality, loyalty, knowing people, careful observation, good argument, young sensitivity, measurement, tribute, full selection, official position, dignitaries and generals. And 235-275 volumes of Making Friends, Luxury, Deception, Flattery, Fallacy, Managing Life, Humor, Satire, Frivolity and Frivolity. Including immortal 55 volumes, fairy 15 volumes, Taoism 5 volumes, alchemist 5 volumes, barbarian 6 volumes, barbarian 12 volumes, interpretation 3 volumes, retribution 33 volumes, 65,500. Magic 4, Demon 3, God 25, Ghost 40, Hag 2, Soul 1, Strange 9, Ghost 6, Miraculous 1, Rebirth. Stone 1, water 1, Bao 6, vegetation 12, dragon 8, tiger 8, livestock 13, fox 9, snake. The listing of "immortals" and "immortals" in Taiping Guangji is very insightful. "Immortality" is actually "immortality", and the word "God" is the same. Immortal, a person who gets the Tao from the mountain, said in "Explaining the Name and Growing Old": "Being old and never dying is an immortal." And "God" is made up of all things in the world, so it is of special significance to distinguish them. More importantly, mountains, rocks and water are the necessary living environment for all living things (including human beings) and the premise of all life. The establishment of this list itself is a great breakthrough. Vegetation (also divided into wood, grass, grass flowers, wood flowers, fruits, vegetables, grains, tea, cheese, moss, spices and so on. ), domestic animals (also divided into cattle, horses, camels, mules, donkeys, dogs, sheep, tapirs, cats, rats, rats, wolves, lions and rats). And the separation of aquatic animals and insects, including many stories with creatures as the protagonist. It can be said that the essence of China's ancient mystery novels has been completely covered, which truly achieved "universal love for all things" and established the immortal position of Taiping Guangji in the cultural history of China. Although Lu Xun talked about the classification of Tai Ping Guang Ji, he failed to grasp the essence of the problem. His contempt for "things" made him miss the real value of Taiping Guang Ji.

Scholars in the Song Dynasty, such as Hong Mai's Jane Yizhi, were judged as "focusing more on things than describing them, which is similar to discipline". In fact, Jane Yizhi is not famous for its "numerous volumes in the name of the author", but its great value has always been highly respected. In the 13th year of Cherish Spring (1 186), Zhang Sen went to the State of Jin. When he was surprised, he asked if there was any continuation since then, but he cited Lotte and Dongpo (Volume 8 of Bin Tuilu), which shows the influence of his ambition in the north. Lu You's "After Jane Yizhi" says: "The pen is close to Sao, and the book is not as high as Zhi Nuo's, so I can only make up the history and write well." Wang Zhi wrote twenty-four volumes of Biezhi of Yi Jian, and the preface said, "There are many rare books, which Jane Yizhi surpassed when she was published in Poyang." Lu Xinyuan's preface to Records even praised that "Gu Mo's Classic of Mountains and Seas is a wonderful book, and it is absurd to go with the flow. It was followed by Wang Jiazhi's Notes on Picking Up the Lost Tales, Gan Bao's Searching for the Gods, Jing Shu's Taking the Gods and Xu Xuan's Miscellaneous Notes. Although the content it contains is quite similar to the biography, it pretends to be plagiarism. In order to help, the preface of the branch has explained everything. As for literary thought, it is meaningful and endless, which is really beyond the reach of future generations. ..... Believe in the ability of literati, novels are also deep sea. " The General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu said: "There are records in the book, all of which are supernatural, so Yi Jian was named after Liezi." Hong Mai compared himself with the contemporary Dayu and Yi Jian of Boyi, compared his book with Shan Hai Jing, which specializes in mountains and rivers, native products and rare birds and animals, and compared it with Preface to C, which reflected the difference between Hong Mai and orthodoxy. However, Shi lue emphasizes that it is "a book of later generations, first published in the late years of Shaoxing, and finally written in the early years of Xichun. Over the past ten years, there have been 200 volumes of armor to decyl, 100 volumes of armor to decyl, 10 volumes of armor to decyl, and 10 volumes of armor to decyl, and several volumes of Taiping Guangji. Today, there are only 80 volumes of A to D and 50 volumes of three records. Strange things, this reason is rare, and the author is self-defined, so I am eager to write a book in the early stage, or write ten volumes in fifty days. Fools say that they are a little old, and even a large number of people are busy deleting and embellishing (Chen's "Xie Zhi Zhai Ti" eleven clouds), which is intended to make profits. This is not the case. This excuse is "rushing to write a book" and "busy deleting it", which is ignored even by Lu Xun's standards. Many of them are excellent works with euphemistic plots and lengthy length. Such as Xia Shan Ge, Jie San Niang (Volume 17 of Jia Zhi), Zhang Wengui (Volume 4 of Yi Zhi), Banyan Heron Nest (Volume 6 of Yi Zhi), Taoist Wuyi (Volume 12 of Yi Zhi), Sister Lan (Volume 13 of C Zhi), Qu Shi Fang Carp and Wang Dalang Ma. Mirror in JiaZhou River (Volume 9), Mr. Dongkou (Volume 4), Zhanyi (Volume 2) and Road flyover Huating (Volume 12) are extremely unfair.

The neglect of it is also inconsistent with the purpose of vernacular novels advocated in Shilue. Ye Luo's "Drunken Man on the Development of Lu Novels" said: "The legend of smoke powder is accumulated in the chest; Romantic knowledge, only on lips and kisses. There is everything in "Jane Yizhi" and everything in "Ying Ying Ji". Keep watch, keep watch. Murphy "Dongshan Laughing Forest"; You must return the green window Newspeak. " What he called "omniscient" has always been the source of materials for the "speaker". For example, Zhi Ding (Volume 9), a mother in Taiyuan, and Xu Yiniang were captured by Shanxi Nomads and committed suicide, still clinging to her husband who was an official in Jiangnan. When her soul came to Jiangnan with her husband, she found that her husband had found another lover, so she was angry and took revenge. The ancient and modern novel Yang Siwen Yanshan Nighttalk is based on this, and the article says, "What you said is wrong. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Is there any reason to come out and buy wine? According to "Jian Yizhi", the law was not established at that time, and the officials were instructed to listen to contacts with outsiders. " In addition, "A Glimpse at a Glance" (Volume 30) "The grievances reported by Li, the subordinate of the envoy Wang Wei, before he died" said: "This is another story in the annals of the Song Dynasty: according to legend, there was a rich man named Wu Jiangshi, who was once a general. Have a son, fine print Yunlang ... "; "The Second Moment of Surprise" Volume 20 "Jia Lian visited the fake mansion, and the Shang father took advantage of the cool river" said: "When the official saw it, he was shocked for a long time, and he heard that Wei Ping was a fan. He asked, "I have read Jane Yizhi. When I saw Sun Jiuding meet a ghost, I also took this medicine." . I think this medicine is very general, why is it effective?' "It's all empirical, or Lu Xun didn't pay much attention to it because he didn't get the visual inspection of ancient and modern novels, and he was surprised for one moment and surprised for two.

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It is Hu Shi's On the Authenticity of Vernacular Fiction that pushes Peking University to offer novel courses. Regarding his article "The Improvement of Literature" published on June 5438+09 1 7 65438+10/,he said: "There are still people who look down on vernacular novels as literary trails. I don't know, Cao Xueqin and Wu are all authentic literature, but parallel prose and regular poems are really small ears. " (New Youth, Volume 2, No.5) This new literary concept has turned the novel, which has always been an "unpretentious hall", into a serious research object-"novel study", which is in line with the cultural trend at that time and its potential cannot be underestimated.

Lu Xun's original preference for official novels, coupled with the editing and proofreading skills of the ancient novel Hook Shen, is confident to give lectures at Peking University. Generally speaking, Lu Xun and Hu Shi are allies of the vernacular movement, but he is unwilling to take a "response" attitude to the "authenticity theory" advocated by Hu Shi. There are eight points in the text of A Brief History of Chinese Fiction that quoted Hu Shi's opinions: one is about the reason why Jin Shengtan published Water Margin, the other is about the "revival of good temper" in Journey to the West, the fourth is about the textual research of Cao Xueqin's life, and the second is about the theme of mirror flower. Among them, Hu Shi's viewpoint that "discussing women's issues is a novel" was quoted as the only meticulous reason in The Mirror Flower Garden, and his answer to this question was that men and women should receive equal treatment, equal education and equal electoral system, and he added: "It is unfair to the social system, and the setting of every event contains ideals; Unfortunately, due to the limitations of the times, there are still many restrictions. For example, the author highly praises the people's feelings in the scholar's country. However, because of the concession, fraud has become very serious, and living in this land is also very tired. " Later, he said in How I Make Novels: "In China, novels are not literature, and the author of novels can never be called a writer, so no one wants to be born on this road. I don't intend to bring novels into Wen Yuan either, but I want to use his power to improve society. " Lu Xun's special personality and ambivalence make it impossible for him to pick up "true" wisdom and give up his literary proposition against "deception" and "deception". When dealing with the works of specific writers, especially those who are generally praised by Cao Xueqin and Wu, his practice is to talk without doing anything.

Hu Shi wrote Textual Research on Water Margin in July 1920, saying: "Water Margin is a wonderful book. Literature occupies a more important position in China than Zuo Zhuan and Historical Records. This book deserves some textual research by Yan Ruoqu and some exegesis by Wang Niansun. Although I can't do such a big career-I have to let future scholars do it-I also want to work hard to open up a new direction and a new road for the future' Water Margin Specialization'. " Lu Xun naturally doesn't want to repeat this high-profile, but Hu Shi's view that "Water Margin didn't fall from the sky in clear sky, but was the crystallization of the water margin story in the 400 years from the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty (the early years of the twelfth century in the Gregorian calendar) to the middle of the Ming Dynasty (the end of the fifteenth century) can't be ignored by Lu Xun in his lectures. Hu Shi quoted twenty-two, three hundred and fifty-one and three hundred and fifty-three articles in the History of Song Dynasty, and came to the conclusion: "These three historical materials can prove that Song Jiang and other thirty-six people were historical figures and thieves in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Thirty-six people invaded Qi Wei, but tens of thousands of loyalists did not dare to resist'-look at these words and you can see Song Jiang's reputation at that time. This prestige spread far and wide and remained among the people. The more it spread, the more magical it became, and it became a' water margin myth'. It is the basis of the fifteenth "History since Yuan and Ming Dynasties" in A Brief History (the second part). He used 5000 words to describe the water margin, and first quoted 22, 35 1 and 353 in the History of Song Dynasty, all of which were quoted by Hu Shi, but commented: "Although there was this discussion at that time, it failed, and Jiang and others actually saw it killed." He also quoted Cai Juhou, assistant minister of the Ministry of Housing in the seventh year (six years) of Xuanhe, as saying: "The Book of Changes was written in the avenue for two years, and it has been in Xuanhe for six years and more than forty years. The novelist said that it is impossible to kill people in imagination, and mountain athletes will end up like this. " Its core is to prove that "Water Margin is also a popular legend since the Southern Song Dynasty, and Song Jiang has a real person". Later, Hu Shi quoted Gong Sheng, a adherent of the Song Dynasty, as saying, "So I had my own anecdote, was born among the people, and changed a lot, so I had a story. After the story was repeated, the busybody picked up the whitewash and the literature books came out. Gong Sheng, a adherent of the Song Dynasty, wrote Thirty-six Praises of Sung River, and the preface has already said, "The story of Sung River, seen in the street, is not enough. Although there is a high biography of Song Li, the literati have not seen it "(Zhou Mi's Miscellaneous Knowledge continued)." Hu shi also played accordingly:

When we read this passage, we can see that there was a popular "Song Jiang Story" in the Southern Song Dynasty. Second, during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a group of people such as Gao Ru and Song Li "wrote" this story, which made "the literati disappear"; Third, that kind of story must be a kind of "heroic legend", so Gong Sheng and "the paintings that were strong and wanted to survive as teenagers were praised." This kind of story happened and spread for a long time, not without reason. There are probably several reasons: first, Song Jiang and others do have deeds and fame that can be circulated among the people; Second, the Southern Song Dynasty was partial, and the Central Plains fell into the hands of foreigners, so people at that time had the psychology of wanting heroes; Third, in the Southern Song Dynasty, there was political corruption and public grievances, and the north suffered more under foreign rule. Therefore, the people in the north and south have developed the psychology of hating bad government and officials, which has given birth to the psychology of worshipping the rebellious heroes.

However, Lu Xun only put into practice that "Korean works are lost today, indicating that there were books at the end of the Song Dynasty", and made no mention of historical reasons and value judgments. According to Song Li, a famous painter of three generations in the Southern Song Dynasty, what he "wrote" was a portrait, but Lu Xun mistakenly thought that "The Water Margin is a novel" (this error is also due to Hu Shi's: "It can be proved that Song Li, Gao Ru and others" wrote "The Water Margin", so it can be seen that there must be many more detailed water margin stories besides Xuanhe Legacy); After Hu Shi realized that this kind of "Song Jiang Story" spread among the people was the ancestor of the Water Margin among the 36 people in Song Jiangzan, he concluded that the story of the 36 people recorded in "The Legacy of Xuanhe" must be a popular novel in the Southern Song Dynasty, and analyzed Xu's praise for Song Jiang's "profound knowledge and outstanding people". "Look at his praise tone again, there is hope." However, regarding the legacy of Xuanhe, Lu Xun only said that "the legacy of Xuanhe was compiled by old books, so Liang Shanlong, who concentrated on the past, was one of the writers at that time", and analyzed the differences between it and Zan along the literary road, leading the question to the books and editions of Water Margin: "Anyone who is interested in this kind of story, then describes the differences between the editions and draws the conclusion:" If you go back to the simplified edition/kl, If there is any difference with the complex version, it will be ok to change it if it is deleted. "He also wrote a simple version of the book, ending with Luo Guanzhong. Zhou Lianggong heard that the old man was also the first to come from Roche, where he was born, and began to rebel against buddhist nun. Because it is suspected that Shi Naian is an excuse for many writers, it is regarded as a later generation and does not belong to ancient books. " Throughout the classic Water Margin, there is almost no word for "elephant" and "ci", but when discussing Guo Wuding's book Going to Jialiao, when it comes to Water Margin, it is a "strongman": "However, the incident of breaking Liao did not begin in the Ming Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, foreign enemies relied on the mausoleum, and the national government was abolished, so they turned to disregard for human life. "The Water Margin" and the story of Hu Shi are a place where common people and literati have fought for 400 years. People in the Song and Yuan Dynasties used this story to express their grievances, so they turned a bandit stronghold into an organ for heaven. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, people used him to fight feuds, and wrote that Song Jiang and others made great contributions and were framed by the court and died. People in the mid-Ming Dynasty-the so-called Shi Naian-lent him full play to his feud, so he made a clean break of what happened after wooing and made a book that was purely anti-government, which was undoubtedly much worse. The essence of Lu Xun's judgment on the Water Margin lies in the statement that "the three chivalrous men and the five meanings were written by Shu Ren, which seems to have more rhyme than the Water Margin, but it's just ugly" in Chapter 27 of Chivalrous Novels and Case-solving in Qing Dynasty. However, there is no such idea or such argument in the text of Water Margin. Without him, I don't want to repeat Hu Shizhi's high-profile ear.