Mark. Twain once said, "When you can't make up your mind, tell the truth. It will embarrass your opponent and make your friends feel relieved. " So the psychologist's point of view is: don't lie easily, even if it is a white lie.
We think we should distinguish things from the definition and synthesize the interpretation of Kangxi Dictionary. A white lie is not seeking truth from facts, telling lies and empty words, exaggerating, covering up and distorting the truth. From the structural analysis of white lie phrases, it is a partial phrase and the head word is a lie, so white lie is a lie in essence. It is an indisputable fact that white lies are often used by some "professional liars" because of their uncertainty. A "lie" itself is dark, and the likes and dislikes of things are not measured by the purpose of things. A white lie itself is a lie. Although he has shed his beggar's clothes and put on his cheongsam, he still can't get rid of the essence of lies, which means cheating and hinders honesty. White lies have a good starting point, but once they are exposed, they will do more harm to each other. As a lie itself, it is already a violation of good faith.
Among the 20-character moral standards put forward in the Implementation Outline of Citizen Moral Construction promulgated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, "sincerity" is a very important criterion, which means seeking truth and justice. The ancients said that "true self" was sincere. Not refined and sincere, not moving.
As General Secretary Hu Jintao said in his speech: "The socialist harmonious society we want to build should be a society with democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and friendship, vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature."
From the above analysis, we believe that no matter whether a lie is for a good purpose or not, being a lie will inevitably hinder honesty.
Counterparty: Honesty is a means, not an end. The fundamental principle of communication with people is seeking truth from facts and being kind to others. A white lie is also a means, which has the same effect as honesty. Considering the patient's endurance, in order not to increase the mental burden of the patient, it is in line with the purpose of honesty to temporarily conceal the illness and fabricate white lies. Malicious lies are to achieve ulterior motives, fabricate facts, reverse right and wrong, confuse black and white, and create rumors. It is fundamentally different from a white lie.
(This is a basic argument)
A white lie will not hinder honesty.
Lies are called "lies" because they are false, untrue and deceptive words. If a person often lies in his mouth to deceive others, he will lose people's trust over time. Just like the children in "Lying Children", they cry "Wolf" every day, seeking excitement and happiness. When the wolf does come, he has to face it alone and bear it alone. No matter how much he shouts, it won't help, and no one will come to help him again. Because people who might come to help him are used to his yelling and think that he is "teasing you" again. It can be seen that lies hinder honesty
But today we say "lies", and there is another attribute-goodwill. After adding this qualifier, the nature of lies has changed fundamentally. "White lies" are people's good wishes for things, a dialogue between people's kind hearts, the warmth of people comforting each other, and the tenderness revealed in people's hearts ... No one will investigate its credibility. People who hear a white lie will try to believe it even if they know it is a lie, and will not feel the hypocrisy of the liar, and sometimes they will be grateful from the heart.
When a terminally ill patient is sentenced to death by a doctor, his parents, lover, children and all relatives will not directly tell him, "Life is hopeless" and "How long can I live in this world at most". Although all this is true, who will tell the truth to their already miserable relatives as cruelly as a judge sentenced a prisoner to death? At this time, everyone will form a United front, keep silent about the truth, and use white lies to make patients full of hope for treatment and let patients spend the rest of their lives with peace of mind. Does this hinder honesty?
When a dead child suddenly encounters misfortune and loses his loved ones, how can he explain to him where his loved ones have gone? We think the best way is: don't tell him the real situation for the time being, just say to go on a business trip in a distant place or study abroad. When the child is sensible and has a certain tolerance, he will tell the truth, and the child will understand the practices of his loved ones and will not be angry because he did not know the truth earlier. Don't such words also hinder the integrity!
How I wish I could see my son for the last time when his mother was terminally ill and dying. However, my son can't come back, and he can't do a little filial piety for his old mother and take care of the mother who once broke his heart for his son. He regrets and misses it. The old mother understands her son very well and tells her relatives around her not to tell her distant son after she leaves and not to distract him. She should say that her condition is stable, reassure him and do her best for the country. Don't interfere with honesty with such white lies!
Therefore, I insist that white lies not only do not hinder honesty, but also greatly enhance the friendship and feelings between people and have an indelible effect on social stability. I suggest that you use white lies when you should, and there is not much serious conflict with honesty.
We know that people live in this society and bear many obligations, and sometimes there are contradictions between them. When one obligation overrides another, it is necessary to alleviate the other. Therefore, the essence of white lies is a more urgent and important obligation, and this obligation is at the expense of reducing the obligation of good faith.
A long time ago, a philosopher in the west once said: There are only two things in this world that can deeply shake people's hearts: one is the splendid starry sky above us, and the other is the lofty moral principle in our hearts-honesty. Obviously, nothing is more beautiful and pure than spiritual beauty, and honesty is only one of the manifestations of inner beauty. I think it is not difficult for other students to see that since it is a lie, it will hinder honesty, and its utility and benefits will eventually be at the expense of honesty.
Here I want to ask other students, when a person loses integrity, is his starting point still good?
Please note that the theme of our debate today is whether white lies hinder honesty, not whether lies hinder honesty.
First of all, if the Modern Chinese Dictionary explains that "lies" are untrue, it obviously has a neutral emotional color. Lying for different purposes will lead to very different results: one is to cheat by cunning and treacherous means for the purpose of harming others and benefiting themselves, which is malicious fraud and will inevitably lead to the decline of social morality and disorder of order. The other is to hide the truth for the benefit of others. It is a kind of concealment, which will make feelings more harmonious and society more harmonious. Therefore, good faith concealment and malicious fraud are very different from motivation to result, and cannot be confused. When the poor mother left the only meal for her child and concealed the fact that the child was still starving, do you still accuse the kind and noble maternal love of being "dishonest"?
Second, what is "sincerity"? Honest and trustworthy. The ancients advocated "sincerity" and "faith" long ago, emphasizing the consistency of words and deeds and the unity of knowledge and action; The principle of good faith requires people to consciously abide by the law and be sincere and trustworthy. But none of them simply ask people to tell the truth 100%. It is extremely terrible to tell the truth regardless of the situation: can we tell our military information to the enemy during the war? Can you tell your business secrets to your competitors in the mall? Therefore, since the principle of good faith is not equal to the simplified 100% truth, the good faith concealment when necessary will not conflict with the principle of good faith.
Thirdly, white lies, as a correct and friendly way of dealing with the world, are consistent with "honesty" in motivation, purpose and result. The significance of promoting honesty in society lies in cultivating people's noble moral sentiments and establishing mutual trust and mutual benefit among people, and those white lies full of goodwill and compassion are used to make feelings more harmonious, life more warm and society more harmonious. "The way of a university stops at perfection", and out of the same goodwill, the two are closely unified. To sum up, reiterate our views:
First, lies can be divided into malicious fraud and good faith concealment according to their essential differences, and the two cannot be confused.
Second, "honesty" does not mean that 100% is true without specific analysis. In some cases, it is essential to conceal in good faith.
Third, white lies conform to the principle of good faith from purpose to result.
Therefore, we believe that white lies do not hinder honesty.
[for]:
Hello, hosts and judges!
Today, I am very happy to put forward my own views on the debate whether white lies hinder integrity. The following are our views:
There is no doubt that a white lie is itself a lie. Lies, lying is cheating, cheating is immoral, immoral things are unpopular. These are all instilled by teachers since childhood. But we ask ourselves, who hasn't lied? For our relatives, friends or strangers, there are many purposes, but when we add "goodwill" to a lie, it seems that everyone can accept it, which is the concentrated expression of human weakness.
Mark? Twain once said, "When you can't make up your mind, tell the truth. It will embarrass your opponent and make your friends feel relieved. " So the psychologist's point of view is: don't lie easily, even if it is a white lie.
[Counterparty]:
When the poor mother left the only meal for her child and concealed the fact that the child was still starving, do you still accuse the kind and noble maternal love of being "dishonest"? In fact, we can see the shadow of white lies everywhere in our lives, from the comfort with tears before our sickbed to the politeness when we politely refuse, from the dried-up sea of love to the beautiful exaggeration written by poets, but they are not so terrible that the other debater turns pale when he talks about "lies".
[for]:
Hello, hosts and judges!
Please note that even a white lie, as a lie itself, is a violation of honesty. Therefore, whether a lie is for a good purpose or not, as a lie itself will inevitably hinder honesty. So, I want to speak out here, let's reject white lies and build an honest society together.
[Counterparty]:
In the other party's argument, it is pointed out that when a person is faced with two kinds of obligations, when the two kinds of obligations contradict each other, the other party's obligations should be reduced. But the positive argument does not discuss that white lies and honesty are contradictory. How can we directly conclude that a white lie will definitely reduce the obligation of good faith?
Please pay attention to each other's defensive friends. We have made it clear that lies should have the function of cheating, and only malicious lies are cheating. Please don't narrow down the extension of the concept of "lies".
[for]:
Please note that there is a big omission in your defense. We think we should start with the definition to distinguish things and synthesize the interpretation of Kangxi Dictionary. A white lie is not seeking truth from facts, telling lies, exaggerating, covering up and distorting the facts. From the structural analysis of white lie phrases, it is a partial phrase and the head word is a lie, so white lie is a lie in essence. It is an indisputable fact that white lies are often used by some "professional liars" because of their uncertainty. A "lie" itself is dark, and the likes and dislikes of things are not measured by the purpose of things. A white lie itself is a lie. Although he has shed his beggar's clothes and put on his cheongsam, he still can't get rid of the essence of lies, which means cheating and hinders honesty. White lies have a good starting point, but once they are exposed, they will do more harm to each other. As a lie itself, it is already a violation of good faith.
Among the 20-character moral standards put forward in the Implementation Outline of Citizen Moral Construction promulgated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, "sincerity" is a very important criterion, which means seeking truth and justice. The ancients said that "true self" was sincere. Not refined and sincere, not moving.
As General Secretary Hu Jintao said in his speech: "The socialist harmonious society we want to build should be a society with democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and friendship, vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature."
From the above analysis, we believe that no matter whether a lie is for a good purpose or not, being a lie will inevitably hinder honesty.
[Counterparty]:
White lies and honesty are different categories of ethics, and there will be no contradiction, just as cars will not hit planes.
Honesty: faith. In China culture, "faithfulness" and "righteousness" constitute "faithfulness", which is a humanistic spirit and a criterion for being a man. "Faith" and "sincerity" are interlinked, forming the moral standard of "sincerity", which is a product from Poland. Modern western legal sages put forward the concept of "contract society", and all kinds of relationships between people are contract relationships. In such a society, honesty is the bottom line of social morality. After the establishment of market economy in China, honesty has become the most important criterion for establishing a standardized and orderly market. Therefore, "honesty" in the modern sense is the moral principle of market operation.
White lies and all kinds of white lies are aimed at protecting each other's feelings and maintaining each other's mental health and pleasure, which is a humanistic spirit. Because of the existence of white lies, the world will become better, warmer and more harmonious, the world will be full of love and sunshine, children will grow up healthily, the elderly will enjoy their old age and patients will be full of hope.
Therefore, these are moral principles in two different fields, which will not conflict and contradict each other, and white lies will not hinder honesty.
A white lie is not a "lie" (a malicious lie), just as a whale in the sea is not a fish and a mouse is not a mouse.
[for]:
Asking the other party to argue that it is a lie? How can you have a good impression? ! It's goodwill! Why lie? !
Although a lie is well-intentioned, as a lie itself, it is a violation of good faith. Therefore, whether a lie is for a good purpose or not, making a lie will inevitably hinder honesty.
Looking back suddenly with the national spirit, it turns out that honesty is in the dim light. Thousands of years later, it can still be clearly heard that honesty is the virtue of the Chinese nation, just as the Great Wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation. If a person loses integrity, he will leave hypocrisy: if an enterprise loses integrity, it will face bankruptcy; And if a nation loses its integrity, it will degenerate and perish!
Keeping faith is the pure land of keeping faith, keeping faith is the success of keeping faith, and keeping faith is that the Chinese nation can last forever.
Here I want to ask other students, when a person loses integrity, is his starting point still good?
[Counterparty]:
Please pay attention to the other debater. Today I'm debating whether a white lie hinders honesty, not whether a dishonest person still has good intentions. Please clarify the causal logic. If the opponent's debater says it is a lie, how can it be well-intentioned? Do you doubt the existence of white lies? Since there is no white lie, is it still meaningful for our discussion today? (Author: Yu Lu, September 25th, 65438 +00:03)
[for]:
It's not necessary. Why are we sitting here arguing?
So-called white lies can also lead to unpredictable consequences. Give an example: someone is terminally ill. In order to let him spend the rest of his life safely, his relatives and friends have kept him in the dark. There is no malice or selfishness in this, but it is often unsatisfactory and deception cannot last long. On the contrary, patients lose the rationality of cooperating with treatment and the opportunity to deal with personal affairs. Sisera, a female philosopher? Polk warned that such a lie would put people on the verge of a great decline in personality. In the book "Lying, Moral Choice in Public Affairs and Private Life", she wrote: "Psychological barriers are gone, the ability to distinguish between true and false is more vague, and the concept that lies will not be detected may tend to be paranoid." Some psychologists who study lying suggest that anyone who wants to tell a "white lie" to his friends, relatives and colleagues had better think of a question involving psychological reaction.
[Counterparty]:
The other defendant has admitted that there is a white lie. Relatives and friends will not affect the treatment. In fact, for better treatment, stress will only affect the condition. A mother divorced her husband. At that time, children were not sensible. The mother told the child that your father is a sailor, and now he is abroad and will come back in a few days. Children are full of expectations for life, and they have never been distressed and feel inferior because they have lost a member of their family-their father. Later, the mother split up twice, found a new husband and established a new family, so she said to the child: Your father came back from abroad. In this way, there is no gap between the child and the father. The father regards the child as his own child because he is not a stranger. Counseling children every day will help them grow up healthily and become students in famous universities. One day, the child graduated from college, and she finally found out that her father was not a dear father. Although she cried, she was also distressed to be cheated. However, he will eventually understand that her mother is right, otherwise she won't have a happy childhood, a healthy mind, good academic performance, a happy family, and ... (too much).
I want to ask the other debater to ask himself, who in the world will doubt the other person's personality and integrity because of a white lie?
[for]:
A white lie is an excuse!
Anyone who uses an excuse wants to use it to protect himself or others. Help us save face and let us endure setbacks.
Gasmel said: "It is quite common to think that you are better than yourself." The excuses people come up with are sometimes unexpected. Why should people deceive themselves? American humorist Ryder pointed out: "Most people don't live in reality, but in fantasy, especially their own fantasy." On the other hand, it is sometimes cruel to know the truth about yourself and your friends. Better not know.
However, most excuses are destructive. If you use excuses unconsciously, you will fool yourself even if you don't fool others. So I ask the other party to realize that more honesty and less excuses! At the same time, I want to ask each other, if everyone has this view, how can we build an honest society and make our country develop further in honesty?
[Counterparty]:
People always habitually give lies derogatory meanings. This is because of the credibility crisis in today's society. In fact, lies are neutral. Even if the morality of honesty is put forward in today's society, it is not required to tell the truth in all situations and it is not allowed to lie. A white lie is not a "lie" (a malicious lie). It is not contradictory to honesty, but has its own space. If you don't like the word "lie", we can mind that linguists create new words, such as "empty talk" and "gentle words" to express white lies.
White lies put aside ugliness and come to a beautiful world!
White lies abandon selfishness and come to an honest world!
Please give your opponent an example. Who was hurt by a white lie? Lead to the loss of integrity?
[for]:
You didn't answer the question of "Three Theories" directly. I think that even if a lie is well-intentioned, its negative effects can be seen everywhere. Why give an example? This negative influence on honesty is often hidden and chronic poisoning. Ignoring this poison is undoubtedly a cover-up Ask another debater, you always said that white lies and honesty are two categories. Would you please give an accurate definition of a white lie?
[Counterparty]:
"White lies are more excuses", which is said in the three debates. Does this sentence need to be demonstrated? Can you quote directly without argument? There is a serious logical error in directly demonstrating the harm of "excuses" in positive and negative arguments. At the same time, I found many logical mistakes in the other side's argument, so I won't list them here.
We asked the other party to cite examples, and the other party said that there were many examples, but none of them were cited.
As we all know, white lies are not a new concept, so why redefine them?
The Three Debates repeatedly emphasized that white lies are chronic poisoning and concealed, but they did not make rigorous arguments or cite examples, but came to a conclusion directly, which we could not agree with.
Excuse me, another debater, how does a white lie undermine integrity?
[for]:
Hello, Zhang Hui Xueyou!
Thank you very much for your trust and support! We must live up to the expectations of all teachers and students.
[for]:
When two people were in love, they promised never to change their minds, but later they broke up. This was a white lie at that time, and later the injured party was severely hit. Whether we need people in this field to continue to talk about the truth is a very simple question. Just as white lies are an excuse for this view, Japan has ignored historical facts and distorted history, and achieved great results. When the German President sincerely repented the victims of World War II, he won not only the Nobel Peace Prize, but also the understanding and tolerance of people all over the world.
If a country or a nation can always treat and evaluate objective things with a fair heart, it will certainly create an atmosphere of honesty and integrity, rather than a vicious circle of intrigue.
Zhu? In the government work report made at the Fifth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress, Premier F pointed out that it is necessary to "strengthen the construction of social credit and gradually form a good fashion of honesty and morality in the whole society". Making friends in good faith is an important content of Chinese traditional morality, and it is also a fundamental move to maintain the normal operation of the economy, promote institutional innovation, and rectify and standardize the market economic order at present and in the future. At present, with the rapid development of economy and society and the evolution of people's values, the lack of credit in some fields and individuals has increasingly become a distressing social hazard, which must be highly valued. As the other side argues, a lie can't be white, because it hinders honesty. What is honesty, my friend? What is lacking in our society?
[for]:
We believe that so-called white lies are harmful to integrity. Of course, the lies here are not what people usually call shocking scams, but lies that pretend to affirm or support (actually disapprove) the practices, opinions or opinions of spouses, relatives and friends.
Take Tom, the company manager in Southern California, for example. Tom spends Thanksgiving with his wife and son at his mother-in-law's house every year. In fact, he didn't like the "special" pumpkin pie made by his mother-in-law, but he told her how delicious her pie was so as not to hurt her feelings. "Is it wrong to do so?" Tom asked when consulting a psychiatrist. This is a question that many people will ask. The psychiatrist asked him to look at the lie from his mother-in-law's point of view. Suppose one day, Tom's son confided the truth in front of his grandmother, and her mother-in-law discovered Tom's true feelings. She will tell Tom, "Thank you for your kindness?" I also felt emotionally hurt and said, "How could you mislead me like this for so many years? What else are you hiding from me? " Besides, what questions will Tom's mother-in-law have about herself? Is Tom's son going to imitate his father's lies, too? What would he think of his father's character? Will he still believe what his father said?
A novelist once wrote this sentence: "When we first tried to lie, we fell into a web of chaos that we woven."
We believe that there are fundamental mistakes in the other party's understanding and understanding of some concepts. Honesty is based on the frankness of the other party. Any deception, even a so-called "white-hearted" lie, can be said to be completely sad and relaxed with frankness. I don't think the concept of "honesty" needs to be demonstrated here, and it has been analyzed clearly.
[for]:
Honesty has been advocated since ancient times. The history can be traced back to 359 BC, and Shang Yang's legislation in Qin Dynasty enriched Qiang Bing with honesty. The story of "South Gate Standing" was staged. Shang Yang has been engaged in legal work for ten years. "Everyone in Qin is happy. If the road is not left behind, there will be no thieves in the mountains, and the family will give enough to others." Today, with China's entry into the WTO and the growing market economy, it will do great harm to economic life and bring disastrous consequences to social life if fake and shoddy products are allowed to run rampant and lose their credibility. The turbidity current of dishonesty will erode the trust between people like a plague and hinder the pace of socialist market economy. It is urgent to advocate honesty, punish dishonesty and improve credit ethics and credit legal system.
Excuse me, how can a lie be good to a friend? If it is a lie, it will hinder honesty. Excuse me, what is honesty? What does our society need? (Author: Xu September 25th 10:59)
[Counterparty]:
Another debater quoted lovers in love who promised each other that they would never change their minds, but later broke up. This is not a white lie, but a malicious lie. It is a deception of the other party's feelings, and it cannot prove that malicious lies are deceptive. (Author: Yu Lu, September 25th 1 1:00)
[for]:
We should reject lies and stick to honesty. How can we avoid the embarrassment encountered by the other party in work and life? We want to:
If you refuse at the beginning, there will be no embarrassing situation later. We are now living in an open and unpopular era.
"Don't say that the hat worn by the aunt next door is ugly, do you hear?"
"You have to say to the new class teacher,' I'm glad you are our class teacher'!"
We don't say similar words from the heart, but choose nice words that don't make people sad. This is because we believe that there can be no shortage of white lies in life.
Shall we look at the problem from the opposite angle? Someone wears an ugly hat, and we can tell him realistically that it's really bad. This is because always telling white lies will also bring you trouble. So we should learn when to tell the truth and when to tell a white lie, otherwise it will lead to the result of not knowing the truth from the false.
For example, suppose you receive a birthday invitation from a friend who is not very close at the weekend. You don't want to go, but you refuse because you are afraid of each other's anger, and your promise is ambiguous. Time flies. It's almost my friend's birthday, and you still don't want to go. Now I'll find a reason to tell each other that you can't go. Think about it, what will the other party think of you at this time? The other party will definitely see that you are reluctant to leave and will be very angry.
You didn't refuse at first, but you still made your friend angry. What will it be like to show your attitude when you receive an invitation?
"I'm glad to be invited, but I can't go because I have something in town that day."
If you refuse at the beginning, there will be no embarrassment later.