Question 2: What are prudent independence, prudent desire, prudent power and prudent power? Careful use of power means careful use of power in your hands.
2 Cautious desire: it is to control your own desire.
3 Caution: It is to prevent small delays and achieve "don't do it with small evils". The ancients said that "if you are not careful, the dike will collapse from the ant nest", which is the truth of being cautious.
4 Caution and independence: Confucian language. It means that when you are alone and no one is paying attention, you should also be careful in your behavior. "That is to say, whenever and wherever, we should be alert to fear and control our own discretion. This is the way of a gentleman. This cautious and independent cultivation method was initiated by the ancients and originated from the Book of Rites? Mean: Don't be invisible, don't be insignificant, so a gentleman should be cautious.
Now these words refer to the four prudence (cautious power, cautious desire and cautious independence), that is, to establish a correct view of power, the masses and interests, and to grasp your words and deeds in work and life.
Question 3: What exactly does "friends are not as good as themselves" mean? Confucius said, "People who have no friends are not as good as themselves" (The Analects? Learn and "). This sentence sounds more like emotion than teaching. No wonder later people have different views and understandings, because even the disciples present at that time recorded different things.
"Don't make friends with people who are not as good as yourself." This is the most common understanding, but it is also the most suspicious. The reason is: making friends with people who are better than yourself can make you progress and benefit; It is no good getting along with people who are not as good as themselves or even different from their own level, and it will only waste time and feelings. Lu Xun hates people who waste other people's time for no reason and thinks it is tantamount to killing people for money. Ye Zhi claimed that he longed for the friendship of people equal to or higher than himself, considered himself powerful and capable, and hoped to unite with powerful and capable people. The friendship of others will only be fetters and troubles. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" describes: "I am not as good as me, I am tired. Those who are with me, those who are not with me, and those who are not good with me. " "History of Han Poetry" records that Confucius said: "The husband is superior, so he is broad-minded, and the lower one is narrow-minded. Compared with the good, the level of self-improvement. Compared with the wicked, it is also the reason for self-retirement. " On China: "Those who are not as good as themselves must plant themselves. But I can't help others. Who will accompany me? " These consistent arguments seem utilitarian and even snobbish, but they are also in line with human nature. However, if we change our position, wouldn't this idea be wishful thinking? Su Dongpo pointed out: "Those who are ugly in the world are friends with those who are not me, so they are conceited and lose, so they should be warned. If you win your friend, you can't win your friend. " Actually, the Analects? Zhang Zi has been discussed in detail for a long time: Xia Zi asked to hand over its gate to Zhang Zi. Zhang Zishuo: "What is the cloud in Xia Zi?" Yes: "Xia Zi said,' If you can, you can refuse.' Zhang Zi said, "I heard that a gentleman respects the virtuous and tolerates the people, but Jiashan has no regrets. I am the Great Sage, why can't I be tolerated by others? If I am not virtuous, people will reject me. How can I refuse others? "What Xia Zi and Zhang Zi heard should come directly from Confucius. The difference between them may be due to the disciples' different memories and understandings, or it may be caused by Confucius' special teaching methods. Confucius often teaches students in accordance with their aptitude and gives different guidance to disciples with different endowments. He also often answers questions for students who sit casually after class. So different students are likely to have different experiences. Xia Zi's opinion accords with the understanding that "don't make friends with people who are not as good as yourself". Zhang Zi's point of view is completely different.
"Don't make friends with people who are different from you." This second understanding is to take the word "Ru" as the meaning of "Like", "Like" and "Similar". It is said that Confucius wrote Yi? The copula says, "Birds of a feather flock together, and people are divided into groups." That's what it means. A gentleman is not as knowledgeable as a villain and naturally will not associate with him. The same is true of the so-called "no common cause, no common goal".
"No friends are better than yourself." This third understanding is to interpret the word "nothing" as "nothing". But what about the Analects? Zi Han understood this sentence as "people who have no friends are not as good as themselves". There must be a mistake between them. Perhaps it is because Confucius' disciples come from all corners of the country, and some people can't hear the old gentleman's dialect clearly, so their notes are different. However, what about the following sentence "Don't be afraid to change after passing" and the Analects of Confucius? "In a threesome, there must be a teacher: choose the good one and follow it, and change the bad one" can be used as the annotation of this solution. The above sub-picture is also understood in this way.
So, what kind of talents deserve to be Confucius' ideal friends? The author believes that the above three explanations alone are not enough, and should be treated equally, that is, people who meet three conditions at the same time. According to Confucius' teaching: "Listen to what he says and watch what he does", let's see how Confucius did it himself. Confucius once asked me to be polite to Lao Zi. Obviously, he felt that Lao Tzu was better than himself, and even if he knew what he was asking, it was just verification. It is said that he said with emotion afterwards: "I am still a dragon!" " In this case, he must be very willing to make friends with Lao Tzu. However, do I regard him as a friend? There is no trace of history. However, judging from the criticism of Confucian ideals such as benevolence and righteousness in Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu probably disapproves of Confucius. As for the friendship between Kong Rong and Mars hundreds of years later, according to his own logic, he just takes the present as the past and takes it for granted. What about those who look like Confucius? When his old man was alive, the emperor was not a minister or a vassal, and he was laughed at by Taoist hermits. He is scared like a lost dog, who will guide him to become the same kind! As for apprentices, first of all, they are not as good as teachers, and secondly, they all have their own plans, and only a few meet the requirements. Only one Yan Hui is almost the same, but unfortunately it was not finished and died halfway. Even if you are better than Confucius in some respects, you can still give him advice ... >>
Question 4: What is the original intention of "Don't treat your friends as yourself"? Confucius said, "People who have no friends are not as good as themselves" (The Analects? Learn and "). This sentence sounds more like emotion than teaching. No wonder later people have different views and understandings, because even the disciples present at that time recorded different things.
"Don't make friends with people who are not as good as yourself." This is the most common understanding, but it is also the most suspicious. The reason is: making friends with people who are better than yourself can make you progress and benefit; It is no good getting along with people who are not as good as themselves or even different from their own level, and it will only waste time and feelings. Lu Xun hates people who waste other people's time for no reason and thinks it is tantamount to killing people for money. Ye Zhi claimed that he longed for the friendship of people equal to or higher than himself, considered himself powerful and capable, and hoped to unite with powerful and capable people. The friendship of others will only be fetters and troubles. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" describes: "I am not as good as me, I am tired. Those who are with me, those who are not with me, and those who are not good with me. " "History of Han Poetry" records that Confucius said: "The husband is superior, so he is broad-minded, and the lower one is narrow-minded. Compared with the good, the level of self-improvement. Compared with the wicked, it is also the reason for self-retirement. " On China: "Those who are not as good as themselves must plant themselves. But I can't help others. Who will accompany me? " These consistent arguments seem utilitarian and even snobbish, but they are also in line with human nature. However, if we change our position, wouldn't this idea be wishful thinking? Su Dongpo pointed out: "Those who are ugly in the world are friends with those who are not me, so they are conceited and lose, so they should be warned. If you win your friend, you can't win your friend. " Actually, the Analects? Zhang Zi has been discussed in detail for a long time: Xia Zi asked to hand over its gate to Zhang Zi. Zhang Zishuo: "What is the cloud in Xia Zi?" Yes: "Xia Zi said,' If you can, you can refuse.' Zhang Zi said, "I heard that a gentleman respects the virtuous and tolerates the people, but Jiashan has no regrets. I am the Great Sage, why can't I be tolerated by others? If I am not virtuous, people will reject me. How can I refuse others? "What Xia Zi and Zhang Zi heard should come directly from Confucius. The difference between them may be due to the disciples' different memories and understandings, or it may be caused by Confucius' special teaching methods. Confucius often teaches students in accordance with their aptitude and gives different guidance to disciples with different endowments. He also often answers questions for students who sit casually after class. So different students are likely to have different experiences. Xia Zi's opinion accords with the understanding that "don't make friends with people who are not as good as yourself". Zhang Zi's point of view is completely different.
"Don't make friends with people who are different from you." This second understanding is to take the word "Ru" as the meaning of "Like", "Like" and "Similar". It is said that Confucius wrote Yi? The copula says, "Birds of a feather flock together, and people are divided into groups." That's what it means. A gentleman is not as knowledgeable as a villain and naturally will not associate with him. The same is true of the so-called "no common cause, no common goal".
"No friends are better than yourself." This third understanding is to interpret the word "nothing" as "nothing". But what about the Analects? Zi Han understood this sentence as "people who have no friends are not as good as themselves". There must be a mistake between them. Perhaps it is because Confucius' disciples come from all corners of the country, and some people can't hear the old gentleman's dialect clearly, so their notes are different. However, what about the following sentence "Don't be afraid to change after passing" and the Analects of Confucius? "In a threesome, there must be a teacher: choose the good one and follow it, and change the bad one" can be used as an annotation of this solution. The above sub-picture is also understood in this way.
So, what kind of talents deserve to be Confucius' ideal friends? The author believes that the above three explanations alone are not enough, and should be treated equally, that is, people who meet three conditions at the same time. According to Confucius' teaching: "Listen to what he says and watch what he does", let's see how Confucius did it himself. Confucius once asked me to be polite to Lao Zi. Obviously, he felt that Lao Tzu was better than himself, and even if he knew what he was asking, it was just verification. It is said that he said with emotion afterwards: "I am still a dragon!" " In this case, he must be very willing to make friends with Lao Tzu. However, do I regard him as a friend? There is no trace of history. However, judging from the criticism of Confucian ideals such as benevolence and righteousness in Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu probably disapproves of Confucius. As for the friendship between Kong Rong and Mars hundreds of years later, according to his own logic, he just takes the present as the past and takes it for granted. What about those who look like Confucius? When his old man was alive, the emperor was not a minister or a vassal, and he was laughed at by Taoist hermits. He is scared like a lost dog, who will guide him to become the same kind! As for apprentices, first of all, they are not as good as teachers, and secondly, they all have their own plans, and only a few meet the requirements. Only one Yan Hui is almost the same, but unfortunately it was not finished and died halfway. Even if he was better than Confucius in some respects, he could have given him advice at that time ... >>
Question 5: What is the most precious virtue in life? The so-called cautious independence means that when people are alone and unsupervised, they act according to certain moral norms with a high degree of consciousness and do nothing that goes against moral beliefs, principles and laws. Being cautious and independent is a self-cultivation method with China national characteristics created by ancient Confucianism in China. Paying attention to the cultivation of personal moral level and the integrity of personal conduct is the highest realm of Confucian demeanor and an important concept of Confucianism. The biggest "enemy" in life is yourself, and the most difficult thing to overcome is yourself. Whether you can be cautious and independent is an important sign to test one's consciousness, self-control and willpower. Therefore, as a natural person, especially the leading cadres in party member, we should always keep a clear head, be strict with ourselves everywhere, strengthen self-regulation and restraint, and earnestly make people look the same after eight hours, regardless of whether they are supervised or not, and always remain honest. Visible. Caution is the most important thing, and it is the first thing to be cautious. Be cautious at first, be cautious at last, be cautious in words, be cautious in actions, be cautious in desires, and be cautious in friends.
The so-called caution is to act cautiously. People often say that if a person is successful in his life, he actually needs to do two things, one is to say what he should do, and the other is to do what he should do. In addition to caution, there is also caution. It's not that you can't be cautious, but that you should "think twice before you act". We should consider the result, consequence and influence of "action" in advance. Caution is a necessary condition for success. The writer Hugo said that "caution is more powerful than boldness", because in real life, every move of each of us will be noticed by others. So be self-disciplined and be careful of "walking on thin ice". However, in real life, some people often don't pay attention to this point, and the result is a sad end.
Question 6: What does it mean that a small partner is willing to bear hardships? As the original saying goes, "a friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and a friendship between villains is as sweet as water." It means: educated and intelligent people make friends, and the friendship is as plain as water, being honest with each other and not being disturbed by interests; Make friends with narrow-minded and curious people. Although such friendship is sweet, it will lead to conflicts of interest sooner or later. Tell us to be careful and friendly.
Question 7: What is the urgency of Confucius' famous way of making friends? ! ! ! ! Chapter 8 of The Analects of Confucius:
Confucius said, "If a gentleman is not heavy, he will be unable to do his job and learn. The Lord is faithful, and a man without friends is not as good as himself. If they pass, don't be afraid to change. "
The problem with this sentence is that it is bad. Some people say: "A gentleman is not strong if he is not heavy. Learning is not solid. Lord is faithful. A man without friends is worse than himself. After that, it will not change. " Interpreted as: "A gentleman is not serious and has no prestige. Learning will not stand still. Advocate loyalty. Don't make friends with people who are worse than yourself. Don't be afraid to correct your mistakes. " There are several questions: What does "heavy" mean? Is "not solid in learning" the result of "not being heavy"?
Let's look at the first one first. If it is interpreted as seriousness, does Confucius tell us that we must keep a serious and dignified expression to gain majesty? What is the difference between that and a hypocrite? So "heavy" is not serious and dignified, nor does it make us fat, but means "self-respect and self-love". Self-esteem is very important to him. If you despise yourself, who can trust you? So "prestige" means prestige and respect.
Second, "learning is not solid" is not like a complete sentence, it is the same as "not heavy, not strong", they should be parallel. * * * Use "gentleman" as the subject. Solid can be released as limited, so it stands still. But I think if it is related to "gentlemen don't value quality", it should be another consequence of people's lack of self-respect, that is, "it is difficult to adhere to the knowledge and morality they have learned." A person who doesn't respect himself laughs and plays around all day. He may be a little clever, and he can understand everything the teacher teaches, but he soon forgets and can't stick to it.
Looking at "people without friends are not as good as themselves", many people interpret it as "people without friends are not as good as themselves". I'm going to ask Confucius: how can I surpass my friends? There is no certain standard. Confucius later said that "a threesome must have a teacher", which contradicted the meaning here. Qi Qi is a clever man. He saw the idea of reform. He can learn the lessons of failure from people who are less capable than himself. So the past explanation is very unreasonable. In The Analects of Confucius, Nan believes that "friends are not as good as themselves", and there is no such thing as "no". Friends are not verbs, but the meaning of the noun "friends", that is to say, "you are not as good as yourself without friends", which we can learn from. But in the Analects of Confucius, generally "nothing" means "nothing" and "friend" is used as a noun. So I think this sentence is actually a complete sentence when combined with the "faithfulness of the Lord" mentioned above. It means: "Be true to yourself and don't make friends with people who are not like yourself." If it means "like".
Confucius said: "If a gentleman doesn't respect himself, he won't be respected, and he can't stick to the knowledge and virtue he has learned. Strive for loyalty, don't make friends with disloyal people, and don't be afraid to correct mistakes. "
Confucius intended to point out the importance of "self-esteem" and "faith".
Self-respect, getting along with others can win the respect of others, and the knowledge you have learned can be consolidated for yourself.
Loyalty, getting along with others can make loyal friends, and you can correct your mistakes realistically.
From the context, self-esteem, loyalty, and the color change of the sages in the previous chapter all refer to the attitude of being a man and learning, which are highly related and logical.
In my humble opinion, I might as well doubt it.
Question 8: How to consciously be cautious at first, cautious again, and be strict with yourself? To be cautious, cautious, cautious at the beginning, cautious at the end, cautious in words, cautious in actions, cautious in desires and cautious in friends, we must first have a full understanding of cautious independence. Watch out, watch out, watch out. Caution consists of a mind and a reason, and the combination of mind and reason means "putting aside other requirements in your mind and taking it seriously wholeheartedly." There are many explanations about "prudence" in ancient times, such as: prudence and sincerity (Shuo Wen); Caution and sincerity (Er Ya); Caution, morality, and also ("Mandarin? Zhou Yu "). This is the duty of being a man, and there is no harm. In chess, there is a saying that "one careless move will lose the game." Actually, life is the same. Therefore, it is very necessary and important for a person, especially the leading cadres of the party, to know and understand "cautious independence, cautious independence, cautious beginning, cautious end, cautious words, cautious actions, cautious desires and cautious friends".
When acting alone, be cautious and independent. The so-called cautious independence means that people act in accordance with certain moral norms with a high degree of consciousness when they are alone and unsupervised, and do not do anything that violates moral beliefs, principles of being a man and laws. Being cautious and independent is a self-cultivation method with China national characteristics created by ancient Confucianism in China. Paying attention to the cultivation of personal moral level and the integrity of personal conduct is the highest realm of Confucian demeanor and an important concept of Confucianism. The biggest "enemy" in life is yourself, and the most difficult thing to overcome is yourself. Whether you can be cautious and independent is an important sign to test one's consciousness, self-control and willpower. Therefore, as a natural person, especially the leading cadres in party member, we should always keep a clear head, be strict with ourselves everywhere, strengthen self-regulation and restraint, earnestly do the same thing as our predecessors, do the same thing for eight hours inside and outside, supervise the same thing, do not do anything wrong, do not take ill-gotten gains, do not touch bad style, and always maintain people's revolutionary integrity and political nature. Visible. Caution is the most important thing, and it is the first thing to be cautious. Be cautious at first, be cautious at last, be cautious in words, be cautious in actions, be cautious in desires, and be cautious in friends.
Be careful about small things. The so-called caution means being cautious in nuances and being able to see the details clearly to prevent delays. The development and change of everything in the world has an evolutionary process from small to large, from quantitative change to qualitative change. Many people who have embarked on the road of crime have changed from a little bit. If the road is unruly, small problems will become big problems if they are not overcome. Therefore, no matter what position you are in or what kind of work you are engaged in, you should calculate the "big account of life", grasp yourself at any time and place, do every little thing carefully, manage every little thing well, lead an honest and clean life, and do no evil.
Be careful when you meet for the first time. The so-called cautious start is to hold the first time and hold the first level. Carelessness at first is the beginning of decline. It is often the first time, again and again, not accepted, and finally self-destruction. Du Zaixin, former secretary of the county party committee of Jianli County, Hubei Province, also said in his confession that after accepting two subordinates 1 10,000 yuan for the first time, he was "like a car, he only had the right to buy, but the steering wheel was in someone else's hand, and the brakes stepped on someone else's feet. Since then, the direction of this car has not been controlled by him. " It can be seen that not being able to hold on for the first time is not only the beginning of falling, but also the beginning of falling into eternal pain. The ancients said, "If I had known today, I would have regretted it. "
At the last moment, be cautious. The so-called cautious ending is to carefully consider the consequences of things. In recent years, the so-called "59 phenomenon" has attracted more and more people's attention: some leading cadres who have worked hard for the party and the people for most of their lives, when they are about to retire to spend their old age, are on the road of no return because of their selfish desires. The fundamental reason is that leading cadres relax their study, abandon the transformation of world outlook and outlook on life, abandon people's ideals and beliefs, and lead to corruption in behavior. It is these seemingly "reasonable" but completely wrong ideas that make some leading cadres shake their hearts, decline their will, degenerate their conduct and lose their integrity, and finally slide into a life swamp of ruin. "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" said: "Be careful in the end." In other words, a careful ending can lead to a good ending. The broad masses of leading cadres must draw lessons from those life tragedies, always keep in mind the Party's purpose, always exercise strict self-discipline, consciously accept the supervision of organizations and the masses, and consciously be free from all kinds of bad ideas to hold on to the last night of the revolution. Remember: if you want a good ending, you must be careful.
Be careful when dealing with people. The so-called caution means to be careful what you say, and don't say that you have done it ... >>