The psychological adaptability of college freshmen will not only affect their academic performance and personality, but also affect their future social adaptation. Therefore, freshmen should make good psychological adaptation before entering school. Below I have compiled common problems and causes and methods of psychological adjustment for college freshmen. I hope it can help you.

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Common problems and causes of psychological adjustment for college freshmen

(1) Problems of life and environmental adaptation. For most freshmen, going to college is the first time they are away from their parents and in a strange environment. Whether one can arrange daily life reasonably and effectively is an important part of life adaptation.

(2) Interpersonal adaptation problems. Before entering college, many people have never really lived in a group and have no need to deal with interpersonal problems.

(3) Learning adaptation issues. The problem of learning adaptation is mainly manifested in three aspects: incompatibility of learning motivation, incompatibility of learning ability, and incompatibility of education and teaching models.

(4) Self-adaptation problem. Self-adaptation problems mainly manifest as unclear self-understanding and unobjective self-awareness. Freshmen are in a critical period of self-identity formation, and their self-awareness is gradually increasing. However, due to less life experience, they are often unable to objectively evaluate themselves, and are prone to problems such as disconnection between ideals and reality, and unclear self-development goals.

The first psychological preparation: It’s time to learn to walk alone

Every one of our children who are admitted to college has gone through every stage of kindergarten, elementary school, and middle school, but At every stage before, we were accompanied by our parents and teachers. Life in college is completely different from the previous state. We are far away from our parents. We may not have the nagging of our parents, but we will also not have the delicious food they prepared for you. Meals, neatly washed and ironed clothes, the teacher no longer pays attention to you and reminds you all the time. Life and study are all as you wish. In this case, if we cannot integrate into the new environment well, we will have "adaptation barriers", so now we need to be mentally prepared: "Learn to walk alone" . Walking alone means that although you care about your parents in your heart, you do not hold back because of this concern. Instead, you pack your bags and hit the road with gratitude. Walking alone means learning to take responsibility and plan, taking on the trivial matters of your own life, living independently, planning and studying With the future, learn to learn; walking alone means to be a sound person with an independent personality, not to belittle oneself and fall into inferiority complex because of others' disapproval, nor to overestimate oneself and be proud because of others' likes, so a person People don’t walk alone.

The second psychological preparation: Adjust the gap between ideals and reality

Everyone is always full of fantasies and longings for the future, so many freshmen will be confused about the university environment when they first enter school. We feel more or less disappointed. This is because before going to college, everyone has idealized the university campus. When we stepped into the campus, we discovered that: the campus is not as big as imagined, the library does not have enough books, and the classrooms are not beautiful. The dormitory building is very shabby, the Internet speed is very slow, and the teacher's conversation lacks wisdom and humor... Looking at these, all you can do is complain, because complaining may make you want to escape, because we look at the surrounding people with a negative attitude everything. In fact, no environment can be perfect. Maybe if we look at it from another angle, we will find that our school is different: the campus is small, so we don’t need to spend money on transportation. Although the library does not have many books, it is enough to read. The dormitory building is Being old means it has a long history and so on. In fact, what schools are like is already an existing reality. The reality is objective and cannot be changed by us. Only we can change it. Therefore, on the one hand, we can change our mentality. On the other hand, if conditions permit, we can learn about the school we are admitted to through various channels. We can also go to the school first to have an overall understanding of the school and a closer understanding of the facts. , narrow the gap between reality and ideals.

The third psychological preparation: learn to learn

Every year I meet some students who are very confused about college study and feel that everything they do is in vain.

The fact is that compared with middle schools, college students’ learning is different in terms of purpose, content, methods, environment and other aspects. For example, without the supervision of parents and teachers, teachers no longer chase students, but students take the initiative to ask teachers for advice; a large amount of time needs to be arranged by themselves instead of being occupied by teachers; they must learn to study by research and be good at discovering and asking questions. etc. But the most fundamental difference is. You have to change from passive to active. Learning is not just about listening to lectures and reading textbooks. Discussions with teachers and classmates, reading reference books, listening to academic lectures, etc. are all learning. The key is whether you can make full use of these special resources on campus and use the knowledge you have learned well. ground integration. Many freshmen may feel that after ten years of hard study, they have finally entered college and have achieved their goals, so they should relax completely. Some students with poor self-control ability are away from their families, without instructions and restraints. They play all day long, do not go to class, do not go to self-study, and just wait to sharpen their skills before the exam. The result of this is often a red light in the exam and then retake the exam. It wastes time and affects graduation. Some were even dissuaded from the job because they failed too many classes, and years of hard work were wasted. To make your college career more meaningful and free yourself from confusion, you should make a plan for yourself. Set some basic goals for college and make an overall plan for your study time in the past few years, such as when to take the English proficiency certificate, what professional skills you should master, and what kind of qualification certificate you should obtain before graduation. wait. Once you have a goal, you won't be confused and bored. The process of striving for the goal can also continuously increase your self-confidence. Some people ask me how to improve my self-confidence. These are all contributing to the improvement of self-confidence.

The fourth psychological preparation: getting along well with others

University is not just about learning, it is a microcosm of a small society, where we need to master a lot of knowledge other than learning. The most important of these is how you interact with the people around you. If you are in a positive interpersonal interaction, your life may be very happy and meaningful every day. If you are in a vicious interaction mode, you will want to escape from that dormitory, classroom or even school every day. It is not entirely our personal responsibility that leads to such a result. A big difference between universities and middle schools is that the degree of "heterogeneity" of students is very high. Although we came from different families in middle school, most of us came from the same city or even the same district, while our college classmates came from all over the world. Regional differences bring about cultural differences and even differences in values. We often look at different things. There are different opinions. Therefore, conflicts among classmates are not only personal "quality" issues, but also cultural conflicts and personality conflicts. Therefore, learning to get along with classmates in college and learning to deal with contradictions and conflicts among classmates will undoubtedly be beneficial to entering society in the future.

How to get along well with others? There are too many skills in communicating with others, but the most important thing is to remember the golden rule of interpersonal communication: treat yourself with the mentality and behavior how you expect others to treat you. Treat those around you. When we do this, we are actually learning to give, and your efforts will always be rewarded. You must understand the law of conservation of energy, so people around you will find that you are friendly and not afraid of suffering. Others are willing to associate with people who are not afraid of suffering. At some point when you need help, your friends will reach out and respond.

Suggestions for schools

(1) Strengthen the entrance education for new students. In order to increase the intensity of freshman entrance education, the school should establish a special freshman entrance education association, with specialized staff responsible for this work, and formulate standards and detailed rules for freshman entrance education. The Freshman Entrance Education Association should regularly carry out freshmen entrance education lectures, carry out class group counseling and mental health tests in a timely manner, promptly discover the psychological problems existing among freshmen, and provide correct guidance and education. In addition, we should vigorously introduce advanced entrance education experience from other universities at home and abroad to guide students to adapt to university life as soon as possible.

(2) Carry out a variety of campus activities. Carry out a variety of campus activities such as cultural activities, social activities, knowledge competitions, speech contests, etc., to allow new and old students to participate, increase opportunities for new and old students to communicate, enrich the extracurricular life of freshmen, and allow freshmen to integrate into a beautiful and harmonious world more quickly Campus life, establish a new campus social network as soon as possible.

(3) Give full play to the role modeling and interaction of peers.

A group of outstanding students with high ideological and moral quality, excellent learning, and strong comprehensive ability are selected from senior students to provide new students with a good foundation in study, life, and emotions through activities such as advanced deeds report meetings, theme class meetings, and experience exchange meetings. Set a visible and followable example. Through the demonstration and interaction of peer role models, we can solve the practical difficulties encountered by freshmen in life and help them adapt to university life as soon as possible.

(4) Open communication channels to help freshmen get out of their psychological adaptation difficulties. In the digital age, school psychological counseling centers should make full use of modern means such as QQ, Weibo, WeChat, Yixin, and Fetion to actively promote mental health knowledge and interact with students through these online forms to promptly discover problems among classmates and correctly Guide and help new students get out of their psychological adaptation difficulties and get through the new students' psychological adaptation period as soon as possible.

Common psychological adaptation problems and adjustment methods for college freshmen

1. Changes faced by freshmen during the adaptation period

(1) Changes in living environment

From being able to rely on parents in middle school to being independent in college, from living alone to living in groups now; at the same time, eating habits, work and rest time will also change.

(2) Changes in the learning environment

University teaching is completely different from high school teaching. In high school, everything about teachers revolves around students, and students are always surrounded by teachers' guidance and parents' advice. But it's different in college. The university is centered on "learning", and the time teachers spend with you will be greatly reduced. Therefore, learning is mainly based on students' conscious learning.

(3) Changes in the interpersonal environment

When we enter college, we have a wider range of friends, various societies, and various interpersonal relationships that we need to deal with. At the same time, universities have high requirements for interpersonal skills and require us to establish a new type of interpersonal relationships.

(4) Changes in the economic environment

When we arrive at university, we can more freely control our pocket money and living expenses. Some students will over-consume, consume ahead of schedule, follow fashion and show off, leading to serious overspending.

2. Data

Due to changes in the environment, changes in roles will follow. Including learning roles, life roles, and interpersonal roles. Faced with so many changes, we found from data from previous years that about 15% of students have some degree of psychological adaptation difficulties every year.

We can also see from these data that if you have the above-mentioned psychological symptoms after entering college, it doesn’t matter. You are not the only one. At least 15 of the 100 new classmates have had it with you. Similar experience. You can try to adjust yourself. If you still can't solve it, it is your wise choice to seek help from our school's psychological counseling center as soon as possible.

3. Several common psychological confusions among college freshmen

1. Intermittent psychology: After three years of overloaded hard work and excessive overdraft of physical and mental energy, college students are almost physically and mentally exhausted after enrolling. , quite a few students have developed a feeling of boredom towards learning. Because the psychological tension system is relieved, there is no motivation to study and behavior, and there is always a mentality of taking a breath and taking a rest. Some students may become addicted to the Internet or have other bad habits.

2. Confusion: At the middle school stage, everyone’s goal is very clear, that is, everything revolves around the college entrance examination. After entering college, new life goals have not yet been established, resulting in a loss of goals and a vacuum of ideals. Due to confusion of goals, people often lack a sense of direction and are at a loss as to what to do. In addition, the management of colleges and universities is not as direct and strict as that of middle schools. Many freshmen do not know what they should do and what they should do well, and are not good at arranging their lives and studies independently, resulting in strong feelings of anxiety, confusion, and boredom.

3. Inferiority mentality: from being a "key protected animal" by parents to "no one understands"; from being a "core figure" in learning to "no longer being the best" in learning; from being "popular" in interpersonal relationships. "The stars hold the moon" to "I have no friends". This reshuffling of the central position creates a huge psychological gap, thereby inducing an inferiority complex.

4. Lost mentality: Some freshmen imagine college life to be too romantic, mysterious and colorful before enrolling. The contrast between the high expectations and the real life of the university has caused some freshmen to experience emotional fluctuations and disappointment.

5. Nostalgic psychology: Due to the rapid changes in lifestyle, habits, and environment, as well as being far away from home, relatives, friends, and peers, this is undoubtedly a disadvantage for students who lack the ability to take care of themselves and interpersonal skills. Small challenge.

4. College freshmen need to master methods of psychological adjustment

(1) Adaptation to the environment

Natural environment: on-campus environment, off-campus environment

< p> Interpersonal environment: classmates, teachers and students

Language environment: speaking Mandarin, language communication

(2) Adaptation of interpersonal relationships

1. Interpersonal Three treasures of relationships

The first treasure - smile, the second treasure - praise, the third treasure - listening

2. The golden and platinum rules of interpersonal communication:

< p> Golden Rule: Treat others the way you would like others to treat you.

Platinum Rule: Understand the needs of others and give them appropriately.

3. Positional Perception Method

(1) Treat yourself as someone else - put yourself in someone else's shoes

When you feel sad, withdraw from the painful emotion Get away, treat yourself as someone else, move your psychological position farther away, and then get closer, so that the pain will naturally be alleviated;

(2) Treat others as yourself - treat everyone equally

In this way, you can truly sympathize with the misfortunes of others, put yourself in others' shoes, understand their needs, and provide appropriate help when others need it;

(3) Treat others as others - keep a distance

< p> We must fully respect the independence of each person. No two people have exactly the same life experience, so no two people have the same beliefs and values. No two people can absolutely agree on the same thing, and no two people have the same views on the same thing. The reaction to the same thing will be the same, everyone has a different mind map, and the core territory of others must not be violated under any circumstances;

(4) Treat yourself as yourself - self-satisfaction

< p> I am very important! Only self-satisfaction and self-realization can serve others better!

(3) Adaptation to learning

1. Establish life goals

Harvard University conducted a very famous follow-up survey on the impact of goals on life. Let’s look at the people surveyed 25 years later.

3% of people have clear and long-term goals: They become top successful people in all walks of life.

10% of people have clear but short-term goals: they become professionals in various industries.

60% of people with vague goals: they can live a stable life, but have not made any special achievements.

27% of people without goals: their lives are unsatisfactory and they are often unemployed.

2. Identify with your school and major

In addition to "choose what you love", you might as well try "love what you choose". Many students often complain or regret that they chose the wrong school and major when they entered school. As a result, they were unhappy for four years in college. They lacked interest in the major they studied and had no motivation to learn. It is not easy to change schools or majors. So I used interest as an excuse and was unwilling to face my major. I neglected my studies and wasted four or five years in vain.

Therefore, everyone should first try their best to learn this major well, and gradually develop their interest in this major during the learning process. In addition, there may be many different fields within a major, and you may be interested in a certain area within the major. Nowadays, many majors have developed interdisciplinary subjects, and the combination of two majors is often a new growth point. Therefore, as long as you have more exposure and try more, you will encounter the direction that you are really interested in.

3. Adapt to the learning environment and make full use of resources

(1) Extracurricular learning - be determined to do it

(2) Elective courses - choose what I love , love my choice

(3) Adjust learning methods

Cultivate self-learning ability - be good at drawing inferences from one instance and learn to teach yourself without a teacher

(4) Economic Adapt

Financial experts gave three suggestions:

1. Spend money wisely;

2. Learn to keep accounts and prepare budgets;

p>

3. Abide by certain principles of life and consumption (when you are a student, you need to eat well-balanced food, wear clothes that are durable and look good, live in a simple and practical way, and travel with money and convenience)

(5) Mentality Adaptation

After every student enters college, he may experience maladaptation when faced with new changes in life and environment. This is an indispensable experience in the growth process. Most people will gradually grow and mature by facing difficulties, overcoming troubles, and adjusting their mentality, but a few people will fall into pain and struggle and be unable to extricate themselves.

●Learn to help yourself

Maybe we can’t change the environment, but we can change our mentality;

Maybe we can’t avoid setbacks, but we can choose to face them with a smile;

Maybe we can't reverse our destiny, but we can make ourselves live a happier life.

●Learn to ask for help

Establish a formal social support system: professional consulting teachers, college leaders and teachers in the College Student Mental Health Education and Counseling Center.

Establish an informal social support system: family, friends, classmates, teachers.

I hope you will learn the "Three Selfs" - self-management, self-service, and self-education in college. You need to be responsible for your life! Leave college As long as you do this, your biggest gain will be "confidence and desire for anything." You can become a talented person with potential, ideas, value and future.

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