Group?counseling: A form of psychological counseling and treatment that provides psychological help and guidance in a group situation. It promotes individuals to pass through interpersonal interactions in the group through interpersonal interactions within the group. Observe, learn, experience, understand yourself, explore yourself, accept yourself, adjust and improve relationships with others, learn new attitudes and behaviors, develop good life adaptation, and promote the helping process of personality growth.

1. Group consultation is essentially a process of helping others and self-help that relies on group dynamics.

2. The purpose of group consultation:

① Understand, discuss, and accept oneself;

② Adjust and improve relationships with others;

③ Cultivate people's sense of trust and belonging;

④ Solve different development or psychological barriers.

3. Ways to achieve the purpose of group consultation:

① Observe, learn, and experience in interactions;

②***Discuss and train with colleagues; < /p>

③Guidance by the group instructor.

4. Composition of group counseling

①Group counselor/leader/mentor/moderator

②Group members

5 .Group size: ranging from 3 to 5 people, to a dozen to dozens of people.

1. Features

① Strong appeal and wide influence;

② High efficiency, saving time and effort;

③ Easy to achieve results Consolidate;

④ Especially suitable for people who need to improve their interpersonal relationships.

Reasons for choosing group work:

① The group can be regarded as a condensed small society: most social learning is completed in the group, so the group provides a relevant situation to practice.

②Members often have similar needs, and groups can provide members with mutual support and help each other solve problems.

③Members can learn from the feedback of other members (when one hears a member’s story, it will make other members improve by two big steps).

④ Members can try new roles, imitate exercises, and get support and enhancement from the reactions of other members.

⑤ Groups can promote the full realization of potential.

⑥ They are relatively equal in the group and can share rights and responsibilities with each other.

⑦ It is more economical for a group to help a group of people with professional knowledge at the same time.

⑧Some consultants believe that group work is more satisfying than individual work.

2. Limitations of group consultation

① Deep personal problems are not easily exposed;

② Individual differences are difficult to fully take care of;

④ Personal privacy is easily leaked;

⑤ High requirements for mentors;

⑥ Not suitable for everyone, Not suitable for people with extreme introversion and social difficulties.

(1) Group consultation and individual consultation

1. Contact

Goal: Help others to help themselves

Requirements for atmosphere: acceptance, Free and loose

Requirements for counselors: Proficient in theory and technology, ethics, and professional codes

Target: individuals with normal development problems

2. Differences

Environment: more interpersonal interaction in group counseling

Client's perspective: receiving feedback and help, but also providing feedback and help. ("Everyone helps me, and I help everyone")

Consulting instructor's perspective: Care should be taken not only about individual members, but also about the interactions and relationships among members.

Workplace

(2) Psychoeducation/counseling/counseling/therapy

Group goals, leader responsibilities and members’ tasks all depend on the type of group There is a difference.

(1) According to the functions of group consultation

1. Developmental groups (personal growth groups) and preventive groups

Through the active participation of group members, Express yourself effectively and find partners with the same interests and goals. On this basis, you can grow and improve yourself through communication, interaction, experience and reflection.

Give members a chance to vent

The group provides support to members

Give members a new understanding of themselves

Improve adaptation, Promote growth

2. Educational and training groups

Help members learn social norms, master interpersonal skills, and acquire new behaviors. Focus on cultivating members' problem-solving abilities through behavioral exercises in a group context. Its main function is to provide a laboratory for group members. Through interactive experiences within the group, it helps members improve non-adaptive social behaviors, learn understanding and insight into themselves, others, and the group, and gain new understanding and behavior patterns. .

3. Therapeutic groups

Through the unique therapeutic factors of the group, the personality structure of the members is changed and the function of psychological rehabilitation is achieved. It generally lasts longer and deals with more serious problems. The core of counseling is the influence of past experiences and individual subconscious factors. At the same time, the personality structure of the individual must be changed more or less.

(2) According to the theory based on group consultation

(3) According to the planning of the group: structured and non-structured

Structured group: sufficient preparation in advance Planning and preparation, arranging fixed program activities for members to implement group consultation.

Unstructured groups: There are no scheduled fixed activities. The leader determines the group's goals, processes and operating procedures based on the needs of the members, the development of group dynamics and the interaction between members.

(4) According to the background characteristics of the members: homogeneous and heterogeneous

Homogeneous groups: group members have similar conditions or problems, including gender, age, education, and occupation , marital status, etc.

Heterogeneous groups: The conditions or problems of the group members themselves are quite different and the situation is relatively complex. For example, people with very different ages, experiences, and statuses also have different problems. This type of group consultation is often "case-centered"

(5) Depending on the stability of member participation: open and closed groups

Open groups: members are not fixed

Closed group: fixed members

(6) Based on the number of group members: large group (more than 20 people), small group (8-10 people, etc.)

(7) According to the length of the group cycle

Long-distance groups: more than 25 times

Short-term groups: less than 20-25 times

(8) According to The focus of group dynamics

Content groups: teach specific knowledge and skills, and teach members what to do and how to do it.

Process groups: Promote interaction among group members to achieve self-exposure, self-awareness, self-experience, etc.

(9) Divided according to the objects participating in the group

Children, teenagers, college students, and the elderly

The birth and development of group consultation: youth education and training and The exploration and development of group psychotherapy are extremely closely related. It developed rapidly during and after World War II.

(1) Exploration period

1. J.H. Pratt - "the father of group counseling": considered to be the pioneer of group counseling and group psychotherapy ( early 20th century lung disease patient group).

2. J.B. Davis: In 1907, class group tutoring classes focusing on vocational tutoring were launched.

3. L.C. Marsh: Pioneer of environmental therapy. (1909 applied Pratt's approach to hospitalized mental patients. Give classes to patients and strengthen communication between doctors, nurses, social workers, nursing staff and patients).

4. J.L. Moreno: The first psychological drama in 1920.

(2) Development period

1. S.H. Foulkes: In 1940, he first proposed the implementation of group analysis therapy.

(Sick soldiers at the Center for Courage Neurosis)

2. Lewin: The proposal of group dynamics theory promoted the development of interpersonal group training. Established a laboratory for group interpersonal skills training - NTL (National Training Laboratory), named T Group in 1949

3. Rogers: 60 Years of Understanding Groups (Friendship Groups)< /p>

(3) Current situation

1. Development trend in the United States (understanding groups)

(1) Emotional release therapy: the release of emotions, leading to "peak experience"

(2) Emotional release therapy focusing on body control

(3) Emotional control and relaxation therapy: Transcendental Meditation Therapy (TM method)

20th century After the 1990s, developmental groups have received further attention

2. Japan: Life Discovery Society---Morita therapy's group consultation and treatment form.

3. my country: Group counseling in a professional sense has only been developed in China for more than 10 years. Mainly used in the field of education, focusing on developing groups (colleges and universities: enhancing self-confidence, improving social skills, emotional regulation, making friends with freshmen, creative thinking, etc.)

Understanding groups

Understanding groups The principle of group is "group-centered" developed from "individual-centered". The mutual respect, trust and good relationships established between members in the heartfelt group counseling can help participants lower their social barriers and reveal their core emotions, that is, their true selves, without any resistance from defense mechanisms.

(4) New characteristics of the development of group psychological counseling

1. Developmental group counseling will become the focus of school mental health education

2. More Pay attention to the professional training of group counselors

3. Career group counseling based on the concept of lifelong development will be popular

4. Pay attention to group psychological counseling in a multicultural background