In 469, the Northern Wei Dynasty captured Qingzhou. Later, he moved to Pingcheng, became a monk, and later became secular. Qi Yongming returned to Jiangnan in 486 to participate in the translation of Buddhist scriptures. The notes in this book were made by Liu after he returned to Jiangnan.
He adopted the method of Pei Songzhi's annotation of the Three Kingdoms to fill the vacancy and correct the fallacy. There are countless filial piety and lucky money, and more than 400 kinds of books are cited. Yu Jiaxi's Notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Xu Zhen's Notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Yong Yang's Notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu all have comments from later generations. Scholars in the Tokugawa era in Japan wrote several notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Ma Ruizhi is also available in English, and Jia Mu Tian Cheng is available in Japanese and French.
Liu Jun teaches in Ziyang Mountain, Dongyang. Life is bumpy and unsuccessful. After his death, his master called him Mr. Xuan Jing. Liu Jun's works are quite distinctive among writers in the Southern Dynasties. His representative works "On Forgiveness with Friends" and "On Discriminating Fate" attracted people's attention in the parallel prose at that time. Among them, The Great Split was written to advance the argument of Zhu Mu's satirical article The Split. In the form of a question and answer between the subject and the object, the article mercilessly exposes and lashes the human feelings of the literati class in the Southern Dynasties, and its writing is sharp and sharp. The main idea of "life-distinguishing theory" is to show that human poverty is determined by fate and is not affected by personnel or ghosts and gods.
Born less than a month ago, his father, Liu, a former special envoy, Song Shixing, died of illness. His mother Xu Shi had to take him and his brother Fafeng back to their hometown. In Song and Ming Dynasties, at the age of eight, Wei captured Qingzhou. Liu Jun's mother and son were plundered by mutinous soldiers and sold as slaves. Liu Bao, a rich man, sympathized with Liu Jun, redeemed him with a bundle of silk and taught him to read. At this time, Liu Jun's uncle Liu Huaizhen was still an official in the Song Dynasty, and moved to Huangmenlang as a warrior corps commander. Wei practiced the policy of ethnic segregation, especially for those who had relatives in the Southern Dynasties, so he moved his mother and son to a further generation.
Liu Jun's mother and son can't afford food and clothes, so they have to go to the temple to be monks and nuns. Only later did they return to the customs. However, Liu Jun is very studious. In the case of "living in poverty and unable to stand on his own feet", he burned hemp stalks as lamps; When I was sleepy at night, I used a hemp pole to perm my hair. "Watch it again." In the fourth year of Qi Yongming, Liu Jun's mother and son could not bear ethnic discrimination and returned to Jiankang from Sanggan.
Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jiankang has been the cultural center of China. In health, Liu Jun felt that when he was young, he didn't read much. Besides, he was born in honest and frank. He sighed with shame: "Everyone in the school has risen to the hall, and some fools have taken off their clothes." At this time, Liu Jun was 25 years old, "so he learned a lot of books, and Wen Zao appeared" (Biography of Southern History).
Liang,, was once called "building a secret pavilion with a bachelor in Xifu". Liu Jun, however, was willful and refused to let Liang Wudi Xiao Yan learn knowledge. At one time, "the emperor wanted to speak when he was told what to do", and Liu Jun "suddenly asked for paper and pen and more than ten things". Xiao Yan "unconsciously eclipsed. If it is evil, it will not be introduced. "Xiao Yan's jealousy of Liu Jun lasted for quite a long time. After the completion of Yuan Lei compiled by Liu Jun, ZSZSZSZ organized another group of scholars and compiled a Brief History of Hualin, which was "high unavailable" (Biography of Southern History). This is the root cause of Liu Jun's ups and downs from middle age to old age.
Liu Jun didn't give in to fate, but Liu Jun's fate was so bad that he even went to the situation of "being abandoned" several times, which made him feel a lot. From himself and others, from today to now, he thought about the topic of fate.
By chance, he heard Liang Wudi Xiao Yan's evaluation of Guan Ju's "being a wizard is not up to standard", so he took up this topic and wrote a paper entitled "The Theory of Distinguishing Life". Liu Jun believes that there are many shortcomings in the previous debates on fate, such as Wang Chong's argument was ultimately "concealed", Sima Qian's argument was finally covered up by confusion, Li Kang's argument was based on the origin but not on the source, and Guo Xiangneng's argument was "based on the origin but unknown". Liu Jun insisted on the principle that "it is not easy to be an official, but it is a life", and he also claimed to be a heavenly way, and identified them one by one.
Although The Theory of Distinguishing Destiny belongs to a philosophical paper, its writing style is gorgeous. In particular, Liu Jun's On Distinguishing Fate (Liu Yao: Liang Dian) casts its unevenness, making its syllables strong, its words colorful and its feelings dripping. Compared with the works of Li Kang, Guo Xiang and other predecessors, it shows another impassioned feature. However, Liu Jun's paper faces the reality and life, which is quite different from the style of writing in the Southern Dynasties, so it has the effect of "competing among the heroes" (Shan Li: Notes on Selected Works). It is true that the theory of distinguishing destiny is still confined to the Confucian ideological system of "unknown destiny" on the whole, but it is more pioneering and magnificent than its predecessors, so Zhang Pu clapped his hands and said, "Six shadows distinguish destiny and speak it well." ("Liu Hu Cao Jiming") As for Liu Jun, he first advocated: "There are fewer good people in the world and more wicked people; "The dark Lord knows less", which spits out the inner resentment of many frustrated literati in feudal society, so there have been many confidants for thousands of years. "
When The Theory of Distinguishing Fate was written, Zhong Shan Liu Ma disagreed with Liu Jun's point of view, and Liu Jun answered them one by one. For a long time, there was no news from Liu Numa. Liu Jun was very worried about his son's death, so he couldn't visit him. Someone came to show Liu Jun Liu Numa's reply, and said that it was written by Liu Numa when he was ill. Because he died, he didn't send it. Liu Jun was deeply saddened to see Liu Zhao's legacy and wrote back to Liu Zhao. This book is less than 200 words, but it only illustrates Liu Jun's mourning and yearning through classic facts.
For example, at the end of the knot, he said, "The tree of peace in eastern Hebei looks at Xianyang, but it is weak in the west; Cover the mountain spring, smell the string songs, and go to sacrifice. But the sword is empty, how can you hate it! "Canon used in the book refers to people's understanding after death, so imagine Liu Numa waiting for Liu Jun's answer in the underworld. So, facing the pale ghost, Liu Jun remembered Liu Numa's old love waiting for an answer, and still made an answer. Liu Jun said that when he saw Liu Numa's reply again, it was as fragrant as Autumn Chrysanthemum and Chunlan, and Huaying was full of talent. Only this sentence answered Liu Numa. This reply to the deceased is "very original" (Xu Lian: Literature of the Six Dynasties). However, Liu Jun didn't know that people would die and souls would die. At the end of the sentence, Jizi hung the sword on the tree of Xu Jun's tomb and made a sad and touching remark, "Pitching and falling, infinite sadness. "This answer sheet, in a pioneering way, expresses the condolences to the friend who just died, shows the sincere attitude of discussing problems with friends, and finally expresses the deep regret for the loss of a close friend, which is meaningful.
Liu Jun not only attaches importance to friendship, but also attaches great importance to making friends. Liang Wudi Tian Jian died in Xin 'an House for seven years. He is an honest official and doesn't like to manage things. Ren's sons "Dongli, Xihua, Nanrong and Beicuo" all lost their jobs and left home.
Brothers living on the streets can't help themselves, and old friends in life can't get a shirt. Xihua wears Ge Kui's skirt in winter and month "; When Tao met him, he "lamented" that "I should be a good friend" was a book called "On Breaking Up with Guang" ("Southern History").
Guang San Lun is written in the form of a question and answer between subject and object, following the thought of Zhu Mu's San Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. On the other hand, the theory of wide diplomatic relations highlights the exposure and various forms of "favorable communication", one is potential communication, the other is bribery communication, the third is talk about capital communication, the fourth is bad communication, and the fifth is quantitative communication. These five forms of "friendship" and "righteousness is the same as Jia Huan" have derived three troubles: "moral corruption, similarity between animals and animals, and one trouble; It's hard to be solid, easy to carry, and it's hard to get together because of hatred and litigation. Fame is greedy, Jie Zhen is ashamed, and there are three worries.
The ancients knew that three troubles were the stems and feared the speed of five exchanges. Therefore, * * * Wei Zi published a long speech with Chu He to show off ",which is far-sighted. As for the present situation, it is even worse than when Zhu Mu wrote The Theory of Breaking Up.
Liu Jun regrets ground say, "alas! World road insurance, as for this. Taihang Mengmen, how can the clouds disappear? Therefore, all men in Geng Jie are sick, and they split their skirts and bound their feet, leaving them behind. At the top of Independence Mountain, I am happy with the elk, but I am absolutely turbid, sincere and ashamed, sincere and fearful. " We should not only "break up" as Zhu Mu showed, but also break up widely, thus expanding Zhu Mu's point of view. Because this theory is highly targeted, it seems to be "seeing its theory, reaching several points, getting sick for life" (Liu: "Liang Dian"); But also like a candle hanging in the mirror of all kinds of ugly behaviors, it has become a famous article. Thousands of years later, it still has the reputation of "Ji Zha's success is left in the clouds" (Zhang Pu: Inscription of Cao Ji in Liu Hu).
Because of Xiao Yan's jealousy, although Liu Jun joined the army for Zheng Xiu Jr. and Hu Cao in Jingzhou, he finally chose Jin Huashan as his residence. On the one hand, he set up accounts to teach students, on the other hand, he screened and collected his own articles and wrote a preface to summarize his life. Among them, "the soul goes with the autumn grass" will be a sigh of "not knowing the world"! But history has a choice.
After his death, his students became "Mr. Xuan Jing" privately, and his works spread like wildfire, with far-reaching influence.
His main works, Liu Jun's Collection of Poems and Poems and Sui Shu's Annals of Classics, consist of six volumes, which have been lost. Liu Hu Cao Ji, edited by Amin Zhang Yan, is included in Records of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties 130. Save 4 poems and be good at writing scenery. Today, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House collates Liu's Collection.
Bibliography made the catalogers and writers in Liang Nan Dynasty. The real name is Fawu, and it was renamed after running to the south of the Yangtze River. Plain (now Shandong) people. Lonely, dependent, study hard, I heard that people have different books, so I must pray for them. I often read with a burning hemp pole and stay up all night. He Qing and Cui Weizu called him a "book whore". During the reign of Emperor Qi Ming, he was an official in Yuzhou. At the beginning of Tian Jian (502 years later), he was called to the western province.
Because of the war between soldiers and fire at the end of Qi Dynasty, it extended to the secret pavilion, and the collection of books was lost. At the beginning of Liang Jianguo, there were many books in short supply. The secretary supervisor works in the secret cabinet and proofreads it, so that Liu and others can proofread it again and divide the number of articles into parts. Please make a list. In Wende Hall, the Catalogue of the Imperial Palace of Liang Wende was compiled in four volumes, recording 2968 volumes, 23 106 volumes. It is a catalogue of the royal collections of the Liang Dynasty, which has been lost today. He is famous for his literature, and he has written "The Habits of Mountain Living" and "The Debate of Life" with beautiful words.
He was very friendly with Ren, who made great achievements before his death and helped others. After his death, his family was poor and there was no one to support him, so he angrily wrote "On Breaking Up with Guang" and analyzed influential people. He also annotated Shi Shuo Xin Yu, citing more than 400 books, which was highly valued by the world. The original collection has been lost. Liu Hu Cao Ji was compiled in Ming Dynasty. Xuan Jing.