Tools/raw materials
pen
paper
black
Steps/methods
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First, the writing font has been formed. Can you change it? How?
A: It can be changed, and it won't take long. Many comrades think that the style of writing has taken shape and is getting older and older, and it cannot be changed ... This view is wrong. You know, it is not difficult to write a good hand, nor is it unattainable, but you are extremely diligent and eager to learn, as long as you use the right method and correct your old writing habits. Specifically, when you practice writing, you must correct your writing posture and writing method, which is the first condition.
Here are two examples of ancestors practicing calligraphy. Now I will talk about this problem with my own experience.
As we all know, Wang Xizhi, a book sage in China, first studied books in Wei Shuo, and later saw the famous works of Zhong You, a famous scholar of the previous generation, so he changed to a beginner. It is he who, as a link between the past and the future, turned the simple calligraphy style into a beautiful and fluent modern style, and made creative contributions to the opening of letters, lines and cursive scripts. This is Wang Xizhi's historic contribution in the history of calligraphy in China.
Besides, Yan Zhenqing, a beginner of Chu Suiliang, learned the law from Zhang Xu. He used the brushwork of seal script to write dignified and dignified regular script. It was he who created a new style other than the two kings.
I will learn Zhong Shaojing's regular script first, then Ou Yangxun's and Huang Ziyuan's regular script, and Huang Ruozhou's running script. I feel that I still have a long way to go, but I still have to work hard. But no matter how many years it has been written, it can be changed.
Some comrades suggested: is it ok to write a pen to imitate a brush copybook? Practice has proved that the same effect can be achieved.
No matter how old you are, no matter whether your writing is shaped or not, you can write well as long as you are diligent and firm and realize that this is crucial to your work and future. After some hard work, you can write well.
Although it started too late, many famous teachers didn't start learning until after thirty. Liang Hao of Song Dynasty was admitted to Jinshi at the age of 82. He chanted, "I also know that young people are eager to get into the business and strive to be the boss is mature." In the Ming Dynasty, when Li Zhi abandoned his official position and decided to write a book, he was 54 years old. His masterpieces "Burning Books" and "Collection of Books" were completed at the age of sixty-four and seventy-three.
Achievement lies not in age, but in ambition and perseverance.
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Second, where should I learn to write?
Answer: First of all, you should choose your ideal copybook and consider whether it is similar to your own font. After selecting the font, read it several times and analyze the main points and structural rules of the font. This is called "expressing meaning in words first", then describing it with transparent white paper first, then copying it and memorizing the key parts of each word. The specific steps are as follows:
Writing posture and writing.
(1) Sit up straight, with your shoulders flat, your back straight, your body and head straight, not low. The eyes are about one foot away from the desktop, and the chest is about three inches away from the edge of the table.
(2) Hold the pen straight, the nib should be straight, and it is forbidden to tilt inward (as long as the palm is flat, the nib will naturally move forward); The tip of the index finger is about an inch from the nib. If the pen is not straight or the nib is tilted inward, it is difficult to write well and it is difficult to write well. Even if you write with a pen, you should move your right hand. At the same time, the lines written have no backbone and rhythm, and the font is not generous.
(3) Inclination of the pen: write big letters up, the inclination of the pen is slightly larger, write small letters down, and the inclination of the pen is slightly smaller. Generally, the slope should be inclined at the index finger joint, and the strokes written here are either rigid and flexible. The inclination of the pen is not suitable, and the speed of using the pen is limited, so you can't write floating and verve glyphs, so you shouldn't tilt at the "tiger's mouth".
(4) Hold the pen easily and then move freely; Hold the pen too tightly, and the written words will not be open and generous. According to the middle school lecture, in a class of 50 students, 45 students hold the pen incorrectly or the tip of the pen tilts inward, and so does the university. It is precisely for this reason that these students' handwriting is not like a hook, and the strokes are piled horizontally.
As I said before, writing is good or bad, and posture is absolutely related to writing. Just like a carpenter sawing wood, if the posture and grip of the saw are incorrect, even if the "line" is drawn straight, it will be sawed askew. This is the same as writing good words.
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Third, how should the steps of learning calligraphy be arranged?
Answer: Let's talk about the basic strokes of regular script, that is, point, horizontal, vertical, left-off, grip, lift, hook and fold.
A word is like a machine. When the basic strokes are practiced, it is equivalent to processing the "parts"; Practicing radicals well is like starting to "assemble"; Practicing the whole shape is equivalent to entering the "final assembly". In other words, learn "decomposition" first, and then learn "coherence". Therefore, regular script is the foundation, and basic strokes are the foundation of foundation.
When practicing writing basic strokes, you should practice them in different categories. For example, when practicing writing "three", first practice three, three, three, three, and so on, then write "coherence" and combine them.
General rules: practice basic strokes first when practicing regular script; Practice the stroke order again; Third, practice radicals; Four-practice glyph structure; Practice branch layout.
The "dot" drawing of Chinese characters should be aggravated, such as falling to the ground. For example, according to the writing methods of Zhong Shaojing and Ou Yangxun, writing in a short vertical position will be more powerful.
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Fourth, why do you say that you must practice regular script first to learn Chinese characters?
A: As we all know, when children start to walk, they must first learn to stand and stand firm before they can learn to walk. When they are familiar with their own steps, they can walk quickly and then run.
This is the same as practicing the trilogy, first practicing the template; Practice again; Third, practice grass. Calligraphers of all ages have consistently advocated that it is easy to write cursive script only after practicing regular script well and having a solid foundation. Only by practicing regular script and writing words can the pen not slip and the body not be fragmented.
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5. How long does it take to learn regular script first?
A: As long as you choose your copybook and write two pages a day, it will be effective in two months. As for the method of practicing calligraphy, it is still to describe first, then copy, and then find the gap through comparison. For more difficult words, write them down separately, which is a special breakthrough.
When you practice effectively, you will naturally become interested: the more you write, the more you love to write, and the happier you look! This is the beginning of your success.
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6. I am used to writing running script. Can I practice regular script again?
No problem, and soon. Because you have a certain impression of the structure of glyphs, a certain writing foundation, and a certain literacy in your fingers and wrists. As long as you change your methods, correct your original posture of holding and holding a pen, and keep practicing according to the basic system of regular script, you will get results in half a year.
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Seven, if you want to write every word well, what should you master?
A: First of all, we must master the brushwork, that is, the strokes that should be forced should be forced; If force should not be used, there should be a slight transition.
For example, write words such as country, red, truth and steel. , light and heavy, will give people a sense of beauty.
Generally speaking, "three, one, three, three (four)" and other strokes are hard with a pen, while others are slightly lighter. But every stroke of a word can't be forced. For example, the words "people, big, and heaven" should be sketched lightly and painted heavily. On the contrary, it is enough to write a heavy sketch and a light sketch. In short, you can't exert yourself evenly.
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Some people say that the basic strokes are easy to practice, but the shelf structure is difficult to write. Is that so?
A: It seems hard to say. In fact, it is easy to find the right method and path.
For example, after you practice the basic strokes, you will have the basic skills. When we say that the method is accurate and the way is right, we mean to distinguish whether it is a single word or a combined word in structure.
If it is a single character, it is necessary to master the center and center of gravity of the character. For example, the words "up, down, thousand and ten" are all single words, so we should grasp its center of gravity: horizontal painting is slightly longer, vertical painting is slightly shorter, and vertical painting must be centered downwards (regular script).
If it is a combination word, it is necessary to distinguish the left and right structures; Or upper and lower structures; Whether it is left-middle-right structure, upper-middle-lower structure, semi-inclusive structure or fully inclusive structure.
Understand these six differences, and then master them according to the definition and organization rules of words. In this way, you can write a perfect and beautiful font.
For example, "good" and "mother" belong to the left and right structure; "Xing" and "Su" belong to the upper and lower structure; "Chang" and "Zhang" belong to the upper, middle and lower structures; "Craftsman" and "Doctor" belong to semi-package structure; It is easy to distinguish these different structural definitions.
For example, the words "Xing" and "Su" should be arranged vertically in the middle; The word "long chapter" is long, don't write too long, tighten it a little; The word "good mother" has a left-right structure, with the left side slightly smaller and the right side slightly larger. As long as the density is properly controlled and staggered, won't it look good? On the other hand, if there is no font, improper density, one wide and one narrow, and no light and heavy lines, it will be ugly.
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9. Some people say that if you want to write well with a pen, you must practice your writing brush. Is that so?
A: No, practice has proved that it is necessary to take more detours. Why? The reason is clear: because the structural rules of Chinese characters are exactly the same, but the writing tools and techniques of font size are different, which one you can learn first.
Inheriting and copying ancient works, we should strive to be similar in shape and spirit, but we should not abandon our personal style.
Some people are too mysterious about how to write good words, while others say that writing good words is innate. In fact, it doesn't take ten or twenty years to write with a brush or pen. To put it bluntly, I only practiced calligraphy for two years. When I showed the couplet written two years later to a calligraphy editor, the first comment I got was: "Your calligraphy is at least ten years old." The editor asked me, "Who did you learn from?" I said, "I haven't learned from anyone." Three months later, my calligraphy was selected for a magazine.
This incident reminds me that many people and calligraphy materials have repeatedly claimed that if you want to write well, you can't practice for more than ten years or even longer. He also said that writing well is a genius or something. These statements are not in line with reality. In fact, as long as the copybook is chosen correctly, the method is right, and the perseverance is determined, it will be effective in less than one year. Please have a try.
Some people argue that it is necessary to practice brush strokes before writing well, but it is not necessary, because you can't master two brushstrokes at the same time in a short time.
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Ten, how to arrange the font size?
A: Chinese characters in China are large and small with different shapes. Whether it is written with a brush or a pen, it can't be exactly the same size. We call it "staggered order".
Specific requirements: strokes with more strokes are slightly closed, and strokes with fewer strokes are slightly scattered. Write in a symmetrical size, and don't arrange all the pieces regardless of size. For example, the word "Teng" is the same as the word "Xiao"; The word "mouth" is the same as the word "country"; The word "work" is the same as the word "money"
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11. Writing pays attention to echo. What does this mean?
A: If you want to write lively words, you must pay attention to the interaction of lines and the echo of strokes. The strokes echo each other, and the first sentence and the last sentence also pay attention to echo. This writing is to avoid mechanical and accumulation phenomena. We often say that "the pen breaks the meaning" to make the stippling momentum coherent. This momentum is like the kind of action that a child reaches out and calls for his mother, and the mother reaches out and picks up the child.
"Book Raft" cloud: Starting a pen is a call, and collecting a pen is a promise. On the other hand, if one stroke is finished and the next stroke is considered, the potential energy between strokes is interrupted, which is criticized by the continuation book spectrum: "Drawing its shape can't accommodate its content, and it is fragmented and inconsistent, and the result is mostly beads, and the glyph can't live."
Therefore, to make the words vivid and attractive, the word echo can not be ignored.
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It is said that there are principles in writing, is that right?
A: Yes, this is what Deng Sanmu, a contemporary calligrapher, said, and Deng Lao has a point. Writing "horizontal" is slightly inclined, with the left side low and the right side high, and its inclination is about 5-7 degrees. Don't go below 5 degrees. Not higher than 7 degrees. This is because people's vision is unbalanced. If the "horizontal" picture is written straight, it seems that the end of the right end has fallen off due to the illusion of both eyes, which is unnatural.
The "vertical" drawing of Chinese characters is more important and plays a pillar role in a word. Yu Shinan said in "Interpreting Behavior by Writing" (quoting Wang Xizhi): "If you want to correct your will, you must be brave first." Therefore, writing vertical paintings should be powerful. Such as China, Niu, Qian, Shan and so on.
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Thirteen, what kind of sample paper should I use to practice writing? What should I pay attention to?
A: It is better to use a grid book, because it has a certain grid, which has certain constraints on the font you practice writing. When practicing calligraphy, you should do it word by word, in order. After writing a page, you should analyze it and see where the gap is. Every time you finish writing a book, you should keep it to identify the contrast and measure the progress. When practicing calligraphy, you must not write one thing in the east and two things in the west, which is irregular and will affect your mastery of composition and layout.
Practice writing in order, first, you can practice your composition, second, you can arrange the whole layout, and it will help you develop the good habit of writing good line order. If you write casually, when you write formally, although the glyph itself is still well written, the layout of the whole article is definitely not standardized, which is a big deal.
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Does writing speed matter?
A: This is very important. There is a great relationship between writing and writing speed. The beauty of fonts and the charm of lines are mostly reflected in writing speed. The coherent gesture of echo is also reflected in the quickness of brushwork. The slow words have no lasting appeal.
As we all know, the glyphs and chapters written by some people who write quickly are not rigid and have a high momentum! This is the good effect of their "one-stop".
In order to write quickly and achieve satisfactory results, it is more important to have a good understanding of the structure of the font itself, and to write straight and upward as much as possible.
Every word should be conceived according to the basic definition of the word, and it should be written with letters and wrists, without affectation or embellishment. "The pen is full of beauty and the book is thin and hard." This is the speed of writing.
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15. What should I pay attention to when writing basic strokes?
Answer: (1) Writing a "point" is as heavy as a stone, with broken shape and continuous meaning;
(2) Write "horizontal" slightly obliquely. There are two "horizontal" characters in a word. The top "horizontal" should be upward and the bottom "horizontal" should be downward.
(3) The "vertical" painting is thick and powerful, and the handwriting should not be crooked;
(4) "skimming" is profitable, and "holding" is profitable;
(5) The stroke of "fold" is slow, and the stroke of "hook" is dull.
The initial training was a bit slow and gradual. You know, to achieve the achievement of calligraphy style, we must first practice the basic strokes of regular script, which is the foothold of writing all calligraphy styles.
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16. Do you have to imitate the fonts of the ancients when learning Chinese characters?
A: Yes, this is a question of inheriting tradition. However, the times are advancing, things are developing, and all kinds of arts are always innovating. Therefore, don't blindly copy the ancients, but take their essence.
Chen Hongshou in Ming Dynasty said, "When you call a scholar, you actually call him Zhong Wang. What can we learn from the ancients? Use the laws of each family to build one. " Su Shi also mentioned in "On Painting": "Innovation lies in statutes, and mystery lies outside the uninhibited." Wang Xizhi was called a "book saint" after changing the official law into a running script mode; Zhang Xu changed the grass method of two kings into today's grass, and called it "the sage of grass". If the ancients tossed and turned, there were thousands of people and a thousand words, then the development of calligraphy art would be out of the question. To break away from its stereotypes and create a new look, without individual innovation, it would be equivalent to losing its vitality. This is the inevitable trend of the development of two kinds of calligraphy.
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Seventeen, how to choose copybooks?
A: It depends on which font you are interested in and which handwriting is similar, and then you decide. If you can't choose the ideal pen copybook, you can also choose the brush copybook. For example, Ling Fei Xiaojing's copybook, Ou Yangxun's Thirty-six Methods and Huang Ziyuan's Ninety-two Methods, these elegant and dignified regular scripts are all brush copybooks, but their shapes and sizes can be used as a model for learning pen characters.
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Eighteen, to measure a word, an article should be evaluated from what aspects?
A: First, it depends on the "pen power" of words; Secondly, it depends on the mastery of the laws of font and shelving structure; The third depends on the whole technique and layout.
What is the distribution of "pen power", whether the density of the structure is appropriate, and whether the words, lines and the beginning and end are clear.
You know, the real calligraphy skills should also focus on the straightness of regular script.
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Nineteen, how can we master the composition and layout?
A: When writing an article, you can't write one word at a time. You should read a sentence and then continue to write. This kind of writing can make the word order neat and full of charm. Looking at one thing and writing another, there will be irregularities between words, between lines, and even the whole length. Although this is a trivial matter, it is very important to measure the overall style of the work.
Pen writing is mostly horizontal, with left alignment when writing and top alignment when writing vertically.
The size of a word is generally 5×8mm in width and height, the distance between words should account for half of a word, and the distance between lines should account for the width of a word.
Although the font is well written, the price will drop by three points if the composition and layout are improper. Therefore, we must pay attention to the arrangement of composition and form good habits in our usual writing.
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Twenty, how to reflect the artistic beauty of calligraphy? Where does this sense of beauty come from?
A: Calligraphy art uses association to arouse the germination of people's inner feelings, including "form and spirit".
The beauty of calligraphy "shape" is mainly to form an image "glyph" by using the order of point, line, surface, structure, density, weight and strokes, which arouses people's interest and aesthetic feeling with the beauty of form, strength and structure!
The beauty of calligraphy refers to the overall appearance after the combination of lines. It is not the mechanical cooperation in geometry, but the aesthetic ideal of a calligrapher who loves life with materialistic momentum and instinct. "Strong is strong, and beauty is clear." This is an appropriate embodiment of the beauty of "God" in calligraphy.
The ancients said that the joy, anger, sadness and joy of love have their own scores, which are reflected in the broad mind of the book. Happiness is harmony, and words are comfortable; Anger is angry and dangerous; Sadness leads to depression, and words converge; The music is plain and beautiful. The author's heart contains the idea of getting inspiration from life, which permeates between the lines and shocks the hearts of the appreciators, leading to
Sounds * * *.
China calligraphy art has both form and spirit, and its momentum is vivid! It is this beauty that makes the artistic value of China's calligraphy valued by the world. 1977 In April, there was a paper on the influence of China's calligraphy on modern painters at the first international symposium on the history of calligraphy held by Yale University.
China's calligraphy art, with typical oriental beauty, has become unique in the world and has great influence.
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21. What should I pay attention to in my future writing?
Forty two.
A: We should pay attention to four aspects: knowledge, conciseness, connection and aesthetics. These four words are of great guiding significance to the standardization of hard pen calligraphy in the future.
"Knowledge" means that the written words should be accurate, clear and easy to distinguish. Since words represent silent language and express a person's thoughts and behaviors, people must know this symbol when writing. What's the use of this word if it's crooked and nobody knows it, and you don't even know yourself after a long time?
"Jane" is written in simplified Chinese characters stipulated by the state. You know, Chinese characters have evolved from complexity to simplicity, which is no longer the case. After Qin Shihuang unified and standardized writing, Xiao Zhuan became an official script, cursive script became a regular script, and cursive script at the end of Han Dynasty became a regular script. The continuous simplification of fonts is the law of the development of Chinese characters. Today, when we are building material civilization and spiritual civilization, people require higher efficiency in writing Chinese characters. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the writing of Chinese characters. But advocating simplified characters is not arbitrary.
"Lian" refers to the characters written by gestures written continuously. Simply put, it is quick linking. Whether it is a running script or a cursive script, there must be normative constraints, not irregular chaos. Repeatedly stressed that the written words must be understandable, so as not to embarrass others.
"Beauty" refers to the highest requirement after a word is written. The beauty of calligraphy is expressed by the beauty of line modeling, not pictographic beauty.
For example, if you write a word "fish", the viewer will judge whether it is beautiful or not according to the fact that the word "fish" is not like fish in nature, which will confuse the meaning of beauty.
To evaluate the beauty of glyphs, we should abandon the ancient prototype of Chinese characters and take the "form and spirit" embodied in their line modeling as the basis.
In the long historical development, the ancient hieroglyphics of Chinese characters have been ignored. If someone thinks that Oracle Bone Inscriptions with strong pictographic features is beautiful, regular script without pictographic features is not beautiful, which obviously does not conform to the actual situation of China's calligraphy history.
The beauty of the line itself comes from the shape. China's brush calligraphy is characterized by "muscle, bone, blood, flesh, spirit, qi, rhyme and taste", and so is the pen.
This kind of beauty is not procrastination or far-fetched affectation, but the overall natural beauty of lines, which is expressed through the concretization of "form and spirit"