Yingzhou Folk Houses Written by Literati in Qing Dynasty
□ Yao Yongfa
Wang Gongxian, who was the magistrate of Chongming County from the 7th to 14th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1668-1685), wrote 12 poems on Yingzhou bamboo branches, praising the customs of Chongming with concise pen and ink and lively rhythm. In his ninth poem, he wrote: "There is always sand in the southeast wind, and several huts are calligraphers. I am used to picking a house by the stream, and the clouds are light in May. " The main idea of the poem is that Chongming Island took shape at the beginning of the first half of the Qing Dynasty, and raised sandbars were combined to form the third largest island of the motherland. A thatched cottage is strewn at random on the sandbar, surrounded by water, and the ditch water is busy clearing the bridge. Men carry water and women wash yarn. Zhi Zhu Ci depicts a hard-working picture of a peasant family woven by men and women.
The "Chongming County Records" 1989 edition records: "Most of the traditional houses in this county are single-family houses, and rural residents like to ditch around their houses, which is called Sitangtouwugou, and the bridge is built across the ditch in front of the house." Chongming Island is located at the intersection of rivers and seas. In the past, it was often attacked by pirates and river tides. Therefore, when residents build houses, they should first ask Mr. Kan Yu to determine the direction of Kyrgyzstan, and then dig ditches around. Fill the excavated soil into the foundation of the tall house, and then build a house on the foundation of the tall house. A small bridge is built in front of the house to facilitate access. Put the bridge in the morning and withdraw it at night, just like the suspension bridge on the moat in front of the city gate, to ensure the safety of residents. Shen Yu, a poet in Chongming in the Qing Dynasty, praised: "There are willows everywhere, and every family has a slab bridge." Houses are generally three-bedroom and four-bedroom, and there are also three-bedroom and four-bedroom houses. Most of them have one room and one surname, and the family lives together. "Poems of Zhi Zhu in Shishan, Yingzhou" says: "The village is quiet, and seven doors are always open. There are fish gardens and bamboos in the pool, and the fence covers the good people. " Outline the living custom of "single house and single house"
Chongming people pay attention to greening, and bamboo is generally planted outside Houzhaigou, which symbolizes the prosperity of the family. Peach willow-peach red willow green is planted along the right house ditch, which is beneficial to viewing, small crown and easy to transmit light; There is an elm tree next to the ditch of Zuozhai, which is homophonic "Elm", symbolizing wealth. Elm tree has the function of adsorbing toxic gas smoke and purifying the air. The locust tree planted in front of the house symbolizes profound knowledge and lofty status. I hope that future generations will be educated, become officials and be equal to the court.
In the thirty-fourth year of Qing Qianlong, Chongming was praised by Xu Xingwen, a scholar, in his "Chongming Zhi Zhu Ci": "Surrounded by clear water, it is rich in fish and bamboo forests. But if you have to add a boat to the bridge, why should Buju be near the middle of the lake? " The ditch in front of and behind the house, with clear water and fish jumping, green willows brushing along the ditch, green bamboo leaves behind the house, a suspension bridge in front and fences around it, is elegant and wonderful, providing residents with a superior ecological environment. The houses where farmers live are like cruise ships rippling in the green sea. Wu Liu, an Anhui native who has worshipped for thirty years, was moved by the sincerity of worshipping the wind and wrote the poem "Zhuci on Shazhi", chanting: "Jiang Zuo's literary style is good at' ancient response' and Mao Yan has read all over." "Going to Zhaigou to cast a net,' mullet' is' white fish'." A quiet house is a good place for students to study. Guests come to the ditch to catch fish and crabs, and the host is delicious and hospitable. Xu Xingwen's other "Chongming Zhi Zhu Ci" sings: "There is a mirage, and Long song is full of noise; Gui Li intends to look east and chase fishermen with one boat. " The scholar said that a mirage is an illusory legend, while houses surrounded by water are real buildings. The happy old man, sitting around the house, singing folk songs, just like Jiang Taigong in Forgive Everything, sat firmly in the bow and scared away a group of fishermen.
The unique folk houses on the island are a wonderful cultural landscape left by our ancestors.