1, and the sensitive period of light sensitivity is 0-3 months.
Features: Newborn babies are very sensitive to light. At this time, they need to adapt to the light difference between day and night, so they should open the curtains during the day and turn off the lights at night to let the baby adapt to the natural light changes.
Suggestion: You can show your baby more black and white pictures.
2. The sensitive period of taste development is 4-7 months.
Features: the baby's own mouth can feel sweet, salty, sour and other flavors.
Suggestion: At the beginning of adding complementary food, you must pay attention to the diet list to protect your baby's taste sensitivity.
3. The sensitive period of oral cavity is 4- 12 months.
Features: At this time, the baby likes to eat his hands, trying and feeling even some abstract concepts with his mouth.
Suggestion: Please ask mothers to give their babies a chance to develop their oral cavity, let them have enough to eat, and don't mercilessly take their hands out of their mouths.
4. The sensitive period of arm development is 6- 12 months.
Features: At this time, children like to throw things, which is the earliest standard for the coordinated development of hand and eye.
Suggestion: Please ask the caregiver not to control the baby's behavior so that he can still eat.
5. The sensitive period of musculus maximus development is 1~2 years old, and that of musculus minor is 1.5~3 years old.
Features: like to help, standing and walking hard.
Suggestion: Two-year-old children can already walk, which is a lively and active period. At this time, give him enough space, familiarize him with body movements and play games with him on the premise of ensuring safety, so as to exercise all kinds of muscles, improve the parent-child relationship and make the left and right brains develop in a balanced way. In the sensitive period of action, the training of fine movements not only helps to develop good action habits, but also increases intelligence.
6. The sensitive period of interest in subtle things is 1.5 ~ 4 years old.
Features: Busy adults tend to ignore the little things around them, but children can often capture the mystery. He often makes small moves that we don't understand, such as picking up a fallen leaf and inserting it into a flowerpot, or playing with a handkerchief, but they can see more mysteries from it.
Suggestion: This period is a good time for us to train our children to observe things carefully, and it is better to know the world with questions and ideas.
7. Language sensitive period 1.5 -2.5 years old.
Features: Language enlightenment is always accompanied by babies, even in the fetal period. Speaking to the fetus, the baby's babbling began a language sensitive period.
Suggestion: Nature endows children with this ability. From watching their parents' mouths to suddenly speaking, this process is the power accumulated during the language sensitive period. Some children talk late. If they are not sick, they may be influenced by the environment. Whether he can speak or not, we should constantly inject "nutrients" into him, talk to him more and tell stories. When he needs to express his feelings, he will naturally speak. Similarly, good language education will enhance children's expressive ability and learn to communicate with others.
8. The sensitive period of self-awareness is 1 year, 6 months -3 years old.
Features: distinguish mine from yours, mine from yours. The main performance: from saying "mine" to saying "no" to hitting and biting people, and then imitating others, children gradually have a sense of self. At this time, the most common phenomenon of children is to divide me in order to get rid of you. At the same time, by saying "no", I say this is the most important thing. If something doesn't suit his mind, they will cry and make a scene, and the child's behavior is entirely up to them.
Suggestion: When a child hits or bites, we just need to stop the child's behavior. For children, "hitting you" only means rejection. Don't condemn or preach, because that is different from rude behavior. Let children use themselves without violating the rules. (Note: Don't compete with children, this is a process for children to form themselves. )
Self-awareness is the most important in all sensitive periods, because what kind of person we want to be in the future, whether the future is strong or not, and whether the ability is strong or not comes from the sensitive period of self-awareness formation. Therefore, protecting this sensitive period of self-consciousness formation is equivalent to ensuring children's future personality strength, personality harmony, and such a future ability to stand on the society.
9. The sensitive period of social norms is 2.5 -4 years old.
Features: I like making friends and participating in group activities at first, which shows that children have entered a sensitive period of social norms. Education in the sensitive period of social norms helps children learn to abide by social rules, living norms and daily etiquette, and seize the opportunity to edify them, which is helpful for children to abide by social norms, live a self-disciplined life and communicate with others easily in the future.
Suggestion: contact children more. Generally, parents of two-and-a-half-year-old children can be ready to enter the park, and kindergartens can provide a good environment for making friends.
10, the spatial sensitive period is 3-4 years old.
Features: like high base, stereo, drill box, etc.
Suggestion: You can provide more similar toys, and at the same time, you can take this opportunity to learn various geometric figures, so as to lay an interest foundation for studying geometry in the future.
1 1, the color sensitive period is 3-4 years old.
Characteristics: I began to feel and understand colors, and began to look for different colors in my life. The development of human cognition begins with sensory training.
Suggestion: Provide children with colorful pigments and related books, such as the picture book China Moral Education Story, to lay the foundation for their interest in painting in the future.
12, the sensitive period of logical thinking is 3-4 years old.
Features: Keep asking "Why?" "Why is it dark?" "Why does it rain?" "Why do children go to kindergarten?" Wait a minute. These questions always confuse parents, while children are desperate to get to the bottom of it. When we give children answers again and again, children begin to have logical thinking. It is through this question and answer that children develop their thinking ability while understanding the objective world.
Suggestion: Protect children's precious curiosity. If parents can't answer questions, they can study with their children. It is very important to have an encyclopedia at home at this time, because the speed of cognition is twice the result with half the effort.
13, cutting, pasting, painting, etc. The sensitive period is 3-4 years old.
Features: children really consciously use tools from this moment on, which is the best opportunity for most children to establish a focused personality. Whether in the classroom or at home, children are happy to choose cutting, pasting, painting and so on as long as the materials are sufficient. From the perspective of physical development, this is also an important task for children to train hand-eye coordination.
Suggestion: What parents should do is to provide their children with the materials they need, and try not to disturb the children who concentrate on their work.
14, the sensitive period of Tibet is 3-4 years old.
Characteristics: I began to feel strongly the happiness of owning and controlling my own things. Only when children have the material completely and can control it freely can they explore the spirit behind the material and transcend the possession of the material. When the ownership of these items belongs entirely to the children themselves, the exchange begins. At the same time, it also opened the prelude to interpersonal relationships.
Suggestion: Provide children with an independent space, such as a room or area of their own. When you enter his room or area, you must ask the child's permission and respect the child's space.
15, the sensitive period of obstinacy is 3 -4 years old.
Like the sensitive period of self-awareness, this sensitive period is more challenging for parents!
Features: Children aged 3-4 enter a stubborn sensitive period, and some children enter this sensitive period ahead of time when they are almost 3 years old. Explain that everything should be done according to his thoughts and intentions, otherwise his mood will change greatly, he will lose his temper, cry and make trouble. At this time, parents and teachers should give their children enough patience and care, and also learn some soothing skills.
The sensitive period of children's obstinacy may come from a sense of order. When constructing the special quality of sense of order, children's excessive demands are often considered as "willfulness" and "nonsense", but we think the concept of "stubbornness" is more accurate. During this period, children are often inflexible and sometimes unreasonable. We don't know the real reason, but we know that children's psychological activities must be orderly, and when they don't go beyond this order, they will be strictly enforced.
Suggestion: To solve children's stubborn problems, one must understand, the other must be flexible, and the third must be successful.
Understanding is not particularly difficult, but flexibility requires wisdom and skill. Only by adapting well can we successfully solve the problem and have the happiness that comes with it. How to master flexible skills is a subject we have been studying.
It should be noted that children's demand for order did not reach a stubborn level at first. At first, they will feel uneasy and cry. With the gradual formation of self, he raised this order to the level of consciousness and began to become stubborn and uncompromising.
16, the sensitive period of pursuing perfection is 3.5 -4.5 years old.
Features: children do things perfectly, and it is very painful to sprinkle a drop when carrying water; There should be no spots on the apples you eat; The white bedpan in the toilet should not have any yellow stains; Clothes can't be short of buttons or something. Then it rose to the requirements of the rules: I obey the rules, you must obey the rules, and everyone must obey the rules; The banana peel must be thrown into the trash can, and if there is no trash can, it must be held; The red light is on, even if there is no car and no one on the road, you can't cross the road. Be sure to pay it back after it's over, and it's no good paying it back. Who told you to do this!
Suggestion: still respect the children! At this time, you don't have to worry about whether the child must eat a whole cake, whether it will become his favorite waste, and so on. Children's problems should not be enlarged, and when they are enlarged is just for what.
17, the sensitive period of the curse is 3 -5 years old.
Features: Words that sound uncivilized and scary, such as "smelly ass and egg", "pooping", "killing you" and "kicking you to death", always come from children of this age. Because at this time, children find that language is powerful, and the most powerful word is curse. The stronger the reaction of adults, the more children like to say it.
Suggestion: ignore and dilute! Don't care about the child's language. This is not what he really wants to express. Wait for this stage to pass slowly.
18, inquiring about the sensitive period of birth, 4-5 years old.
Features: During this period, children often start to ask themselves where they are from, ask ask. Adults' answers should not be a little sloppy, because this is the earliest source of children's sense of security and the oldest philosophical question of mankind: Where do I come from?
Suggestion: Parents should take out encyclopedias seriously and tell their children the whole process of life formation scientifically.
19, the sensitive period of interpersonal relationship is 4.5 -6 years old.
Features: From exchanging toys and food one-on-one, to finding like-minded partners, they begin to be attached to each other, from playing with many children to interacting with only one or two children, the children themselves have experienced the whole process of interpersonal communication, and this kind of communication intelligence is innate.
Suggestion: Parents can give some guidance on how to get along with others, but examples speak louder than words.
20. The sensitive period of marriage is 4 -5 years old.
Characteristics: After the sensitive period of interpersonal relationship, the child really started the sensitive period of marriage. At the earliest, children will want to "marry" their parents. After that, they will "love" their teachers or other adults. I didn't "fall in love" with a small partner until I was about 5 years old. For example, I only shared delicious food with my favorite children, often played together, and I didn't want others to interfere when there was a contradiction. In short, they want to have their own space.
Suggestion: No matter how many times children want to get married and how many friends they like, parents should give their children free space.
2 1, the aesthetic sensitive period is 5 -7 years old.
Features: Aesthetics means having one's own wishes and aesthetic standards for one's own image, especially girls have a strong interest in their own clothes and costumes.
Suggestion: Children always like to make up during the aesthetic sensitive period. Of course, in the eyes of adults, these "makeup" are outrageous, but these girls are always enthusiastic and always walk around in front of everyone. Until they get your praise, they will leave with a satisfied look and turn to other teachers. In addition to make-up, girls also like beautiful skirts and shoes, so they should wear and dress according to their own ideas. At this time, what children need is the affirmation of adults. At this point, we don't need to make any judgment on beauty.
22. The sensitive period of identity confirmation is 4 -5 years old.
Features: Children will give themselves one identity after another. This phenomenon is because children begin to worship an idol and hope that they are that idol. In kindergartens, there are often children in Snow White costumes. You have to call her Snow White before she will agree with you. In the process of children's identity confirmation, we can observe that they begin to express themselves through idols.
Suggestion: You can play role-playing games at home, and children will be very interested. Maybe you will cultivate a famous artist!
23. The gender sensitive period is 4 -5 years old.
Characteristics: Around 4 years old, children are most concerned about who is a boy and who is a girl. If someone goes to the bathroom, be sure to follow, because it is necessary to observe whether it is a boy or a girl.
Suggestion: Children's exploration and understanding of the body comes from observation. When adults explain to children, their attitude must be objective and scientific, just like understanding children's eyes, nose and mouth. Of course, the encyclopedia is the best tool at this time.
24. The sensitive period of mathematical concepts is 4.5 -7 years old.
Features: Children are over 4 years old and always like to ask: How many people are there? What time is it? How many people are there? This is because children have a strong interest in names, numbers and numbers. But at this time, the child can't fully understand the logic, and can only match the names, numbers and quantities.
Suggestion: This is the initial development of children's mathematical intelligence. Only by mastering the Trinity can we master the concept of numbers. At this time, children can buy some daily necessities for their families and exercise their computing and economic abilities by spending money.
25. The sensitive period of literacy is 5 -7 years old.
Features: This is the first time a child touches a symbol. Our method is to give children some character cards and let them match the words and actions they see to learn the characters.
Suggestion: At this stage, children can only understand Chinese characters from a macro perspective, that is, the overall image, but they can't decompose the strokes of Chinese characters and can't write. Children will also be interested in some familiar words. For example, they will find that the words in their names appear in other places.
26, painting and music sensitive period 4 -7 years old.
Features: This is innate intelligence. Painting is the language that children can use best. From doodling to expressing one's feelings, the whole process is a natural display. Children begin to develop hearing in their mother's belly, and children over one year old can twist their bodies with the rhythm of music. Music is the language of human beings, and children are born with the highest artistic appreciation ability.
Suggestion: In this sensitive period, as long as we can provide a high-quality environment for children, we can help them develop.
27, the continuation of the sensitive period of marriage 5 -6 years old.
Features: This sensitive period after 5 years old is a continuation of the previous sensitive period of marriage.
Suggestion: At this time, the child's tendency to choose a spouse is very obvious, and he knows some simple marriage rules, such as only those who love each other can get married.
28.6 -7 years old is a sensitive period for the development of social interests.
Characteristics: Children's development from 0 to 6 years old is the epitome of a person's macro development. By the age of 6, they began to take the initiative to understand the basic rights of themselves and others, like to abide by each other and establish rules, and form a sense of cooperation. For example, electing the monitor, realizing self-management, supervising who doesn't come into the classroom in class, who doesn't wash his hands before eating, and which child doesn't follow the rules of kindergarten … these are all things they are very concerned about.
Suggestion: Let children participate in some social activities, including public welfare activities, such as picking up their own garbage and donating money. This is a good opportunity to cultivate children's sense of social responsibility.
29. The sensitive period of mathematical logic is 6 -7 years old.
Features: There is a difference between the sensitive period of mathematical logic and the sensitive period of mathematical concepts. After completing the understanding of logarithm, name and quantity, children begin to be interested in the order of logarithm, concepts and the relationship between concepts.
Suggestion: For example, let children learn the methods of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division through Montessori's mathematics teaching AIDS. This method learns mathematical logic rather than simple memory.
30. The sensitive period of animals and plants, scientific experiments and collections is 6 -7 years old.
Features: Children begin to absorb all knowledge from nature enthusiastically. Children's interest in exploring nature is much stronger than we thought. Children can remain studious and curious until they are six years old.
Suggestion: Give children more opportunities to observe nature.
3 1, cultural sensitive period (6-9 years old)
Features: Children's interest in cultural learning begins at the age of 3; 6 ~ 9 years old, there is a strong demand to explore the mysteries of things. Therefore, the hearts of children in this period are like a fertile land, ready to receive a large number of cultural seeds at any time.
Suggestion: Parents can provide rich cultural information at this time, which is based on local culture and extends to caring for the world.
The above 3 1 sensitive period can basically cover the main stages of children's growth. The helpless body of a child who has experienced a sensitive period is being commanded by a sacred command, and his small heart is also encouraged. The sensitive period is not only a critical period for children to learn, but also affects their spiritual and personality development. Therefore, adults should respect the behaviors and actions given to children by nature, provide necessary help and avoid missing the golden opportunity.