13. Li Qi's "Farewell to Chen Zhangfu"

About the author:

1. Li Qi had a wide range of friends, including Wang Wei, Wang Changling, Qi Wuqian, Cui Hao, Gao Shi, Cen Shen and other famous poets.

2. Most of his works are ancient poems, and he is particularly good at seven-character songs.

3. Style: His frontier poems are bold, generous and profound, and his farewell poems are also distinctive. "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" contains three volumes of his poems.

Background of the work:

1. Chen Zhangfu: Gao Shi's "New Stele Preface to Tongguan Chen's Sixteen Histories" calls him a "talented man".

2. This was Chen Zhangfu’s farewell work when he resigned from office and returned to his hometown. Farewell poem.

Main content:

Under the title of farewell, the author expresses his sympathy for Chen Zhangfu's misfortune and admiration for his personality, and expresses his lament for the dangers of life's journey.

Content analysis:

1. The first four sentences of the roll call and farewell time are the late spring and early summer.

2. The eight sentences in the middle describe Chen Zhangfu’s spiritual temperament and physical characteristics from his moral character, appearance, talent, integrity, deeds, mind and style.

3. The last six sentences echo the title of the farewell poem, imagining the hardships of the journey and expressing concern for Chen Zhangfu's situation after he resigned from office and returned home.

Understand the profound meaning of the six lines of farewell poems.

1. The last six sentences echo the title of the farewell poem, imagining the hardships of the journey and expressing concern for Chen Zhangfu's situation after he resigned from office and returned home.

2. Use metaphorical techniques to imply that the official career is dangerous and the world is bleak.

Analyze the image of Chen Zhangfu in the poem.

1. This poem has a relaxed tone and bold style.

2. The traveler is a "traveler from Zheng" and the sender is a "traveler from Luoyang". They are both fallen people in the world, but the author does not complain bitterly about his frustration.

3. At the end of the poem, the hardships of the journey are imagined, which also contains the dangers of the journey of life. The semantics are puns and the poetry is meaningful.

14. Wang Changling's "Army"

Literary knowledge

1. Wang Changling, also known as Shaobo. They are known as Wang Jiangning and Wang Longbiao in the world. There is "Wang Changling Collection".

2. Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Zhihuan and others are all representative writers of the Frontier Poetry School. They are good at seven character quatrains and are sometimes known as the "seven masters" and "poet masters".

Ideological content

By describing the scene of Liao Kuo in the northwest border, it expresses the heroic ambition of the soldiers guarding the border despite the desolate and difficult environment, and praises the soldiers who fought for the country and fought bravely. patriotism.

But there are also different understandings. For example, Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty said that the sentence "If the Loulan is not destroyed, it will never be returned" can be regarded as the return date. Today's Liu Yongji also said the word "end", which makes people feel sad when reading it. The sentence "will not return in the end" illustrates the suffering of nine long garrison. It can be seen from this that there is no need to have a single understanding of the theme of the work.

Artistic Features

1. Although the page is small, the space depicted is very large.

The poet relied on the power of imagination to organically integrate Qinghai and Yumenguan, thousands of miles apart from east to west, into one picture, showing the vastness of the northwest frontier and the difficult living and fighting environment of the frontier soldiers. The artistic conception of the poem also Therefore it appears magnificent and majestic.

2. Pay attention to the color matching of words.

The colors of "Qinghai" and "Snow Mountain" are dim, while the colors of "Yellow Sand" and "Golden Armor" are rich. The two complement each other, describing the emptiness, loneliness, and desolation of the frontier, creating a strong visual effect.

15. Wang Changling's "Out of the Fortress"

Literary knowledge

Author's background

This poem is a frontier fortress poem. The traditional writing method of Yuefu's old title "Crossing the Fortress" is to sing about the conquest of Xu. There are two original songs, this is the first one.

This frontier fortress poem has always been highly praised by poetry critics. Li Panlong of the Ming Dynasty praised it as the masterpiece of the seven unique works of the Tang Dynasty.

Ideological content

This poem describes the majestic pass and the glorious history of conquest.

It expresses the poet's sympathy for the soldiers, his hope for talented generals and his pride in resisting the enemy and defending the country.

Artistic Features

1. The sentence "Qin Shi Mingyue and Han Shi Guan" uses intertextuality. The two words "Qin" and "Han" have intertextual meanings, traveling through thousands of years and summarizing ancient and modern times. , revealing the historical fact that the border has been restless for generations, and soldiers have been guarding the border for thousands of miles.

2. Intertextuality makes the poetic expression more condensed. Typical shots of Guanguan fortress are selected, covering the past and present frontier fortress scenes, and communicating the connection between desolate scenery and homesickness.

The role of the last two allusions

1. "But let the flying generals of the dragon city be there, and don't teach Hu Ma to cross the Yinshan Mountains!" In one sentence, "the flying generals of the flying city" refers to the Western Han Dynasty Li Guang, a general during the reign of Emperor Wu, was called the "Flying General of Han" by the Huns.

To commemorate Li Guang, it hints that the court has improper personnel, and strongly hopes that there will be talented and good generals to defeat the enemy and secure the country's borders.

2. The use of allusions and the echoing sentence pattern of "but make...not teach" makes the irony slightly euphemistic, which fully reflects the rich and lingering characteristics of Wang Changling's Qijue.

16. Li Bai's "The Road to Shu is Difficult"

Literary Common Sense

1. Li Bai, also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, is a great romantic after Qu Yuan. ism poet. "The Collection of Li Taibai"

2. He has a heroic personality, eager to establish achievements, sympathizes with the lower class people, cares about the national political situation, loves the mountains and rivers of the motherland, and expresses great dissatisfaction and criticism of the dark political corruption reality in the late Tang Xuanzong society. .

3. His poetic imagination is rich and unique, his style is heroic and elegant, his colors are magnificent, and his language is fresh and elegant.

Background:

"The Road to Shu is Difficult" is an old Yuefu title and belongs to "Xianghe Ge. Se Diaoqu". This poem was first seen in "Heyue Yingling Collection" by Yin Fan of the Tang Dynasty.

Ideological content:

Use traditional themes to develop rich imagination and describe the difficult road to Shu.

At the same time, it also reveals the author's concerns and worries about the social and political prospects of the Tang Dynasty.

"The road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the sky" is repeated three times in the poem.

1. "The road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the sky" is the clue that connects the three parts, making the whole poem coherent.

2. These two lines are repeated three times in the poem, like the main melody of music, setting the majestic tone of the whole poem.

Artistic characteristics

1. The romantic expression characteristics of combining strange imagination, exaggeration and related myths and legends. This poem has a distinct romantic style.

①Rely on peculiar imagination to describe the extreme danger of Shu Road;

②Use extremely exaggerated brushwork to write the extraordinary momentum of Shu Road landscape;

③ Magnificent myths and legends give the Shu Road a desolate and confusing color.

These three aspects complement each other and integrate into one, expressing the poet's real emotions with a surreal image.

2. The flexibility of sentence patterns and the unrestrained language.

① This article is a seven-character song-line sentence pattern, mainly seven-character, mixed with four-character, five-character, six-character, eight-character and other sentence patterns, with varying lengths and flexibility.

②The language deliberately breaks the symmetry, is mostly loose and stretched, but occasionally uses duality, mostly uses function words, does not avoid repetition, and has explosive power and turbulent beauty.

17. Li Bai's "Gufeng"

"Gufeng" is an ancient poetry style, named "Gufeng", which means to inherit the tradition of "Guofeng" in "The Book of Songs".

***59 poems, covering a wide range of contents, this poem is the 19th.

This poem is a five-character ancient poem with the theme of traveling to immortals.

Ideological content

It was written after An Lushan captured Luoyang.

The author pays attention to current affairs and politics, reflects the suffering life of the people in Luoyang after the Anshi Rebellion, and expresses the ideological contradiction between caring for oneself and benefiting the world as well as the thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people.

This poem gives real life to the poems about wandering immortals that have been preached since the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Artistic Features

1. Use imaginative techniques of expression to look down on the world from the sky, write from the big picture, and describe the disasters caused by the Anshi Rebellion to the country and the people from a macro perspective, embodying Li Bai Romantic characteristics of poetry.

2. The contrast between before and after not only expresses the contradiction between being born in the world and joining the world, but also the poet's pursuit of ideals and resistance to reality

18. "Sleepwalking Tianmu's Song of Farewell"

Explain the symbolic meaning of the missing fairy world.

The description of the world of gods expresses the poet's passionate yearning for the ideal state. After Li Bai suffered a political blow, he still maintained his disdain for the powerful and bohemian personality, showing that he would never "break his eyebrows or bend his waist" Rebellious spirit.

Artistic characteristics

This poem shows its beautiful, trance-like and colorful artistic realm.

1. Obtained from the poet's extraordinary imagination.

In his dream, the poet was born in the sky, riding on the clouds, and dreaming of falling into the sky. This surreal virtual realm accumulated his long-term experience of roaming famous mountains and rivers, the beautiful myths and legends of ancient China, and the influence of Qu Yuan's Chuci works. artistic conception.

2. Learned from bold exaggeration.

The description of the majesty of Tianmu Mountain, the unusual danger of the mountain climbing road, and the lively scene of the gathering of immortals all present a sense of novelty due to the poet's exaggerated writing style, and the poem is full of romanticism. Brilliant mood.

3. The sentence patterns are varied.

The sentence pattern is mainly seven characters with four, five, six and nine characters, and also uses the syntax of "Chu Ci", which is varied and flexible.

The poem's diction is clear, the language is powerful and powerful, and it is full of artistic expression.

19. Li Bai's "Farewell to School Secretary Shu Yun at Xie Tiao Tower in Xuanzhou"

Ideological Content

1. Writing about the sorrow of being oppressed by reality and unable to realize his ideals .

2. It expresses the strong and complex emotions caused by the sharp contradiction between ideal and reality.

3. The poet not only strives to get rid of mental depression, but also yearns for a noble ideal state.

4. The thoughts and feelings in the poem change rapidly and have ups and downs, but the main tone remains heroic and majestic.

Artistic features:

1. The language of this poem is free and easy, and the style is free and unrestrained.

2. The first two sentences of the poem are long prose sentences, exuding the momentum of a bold and vigorous exercise.

"I want to go up to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon" and "cut off the water with a knife and the water will flow again, raise a cup to relieve sorrow and sorrow will become more sorrowful" and other sentences are bold, appropriate and fluent.

Briefly analyze the connotation of the two sentences "Those who abandon me".

1. "Yesterday's day" and "today's day" refer to the many "yesterdays" that have abandoned me and the "todays" that follow one after another.

2. It not only contains the spiritual anguish of "the achievements are never fulfilled, but the years are rushed", and also embodies the poet's feelings about the dirty political reality.

20. Li Bai's "Jinjin"

Explain the relationship between the first two sentences and the third and fourth sentences of this poem.

1. It starts with the song "Don't you see me", and two parallel sentences fall out of the air, lamenting the wasted years and the short life.

2. The two sentences "life" express the desire to actively use the world in the wild carpe diem, and the mood changes from sadness to joy.

Ideological content:

1. Summary: It writes about the poet's unrecognized talent and his use of wine to relieve his sorrow, expressing his profound sorrow and anger in life.

2. Li Bai innovated on the old Yuefu topics, focusing on drinking to relieve sorrow, expressing the long-standing grievances and injustices in his chest, and his profound feelings about life.

3. The whole poem contains broadness in lamentation, confidence in frustration, and relief in anger, which reflects the poet's strong and arrogant personality.

Artistic characteristics

1. Poets often use exaggeration.

① Modify with huge numbers to enhance the momentum and intensity of emotion.

② The exaggeration of reverse contrast is poetic, such as "the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky, rushes to the sea and never returns", which is the opposite of "comes from the sky" and "will never return". It shows the majestic waves of the Yellow River and the insignificance of life;

"Morning is like blue silk and snow turns into snow at dusk" is the reverse of "morning" and "twilight", making the originally short life even shorter.

2. The whole article is mainly composed of seven-character sentences, mixed with three-character and five-character sentences.

Mainly scattered, with occasional duality, the rhythm is fast and changeable, corresponding to the ups and downs of emotions.

Li Bai's creative characteristics: imagination, exaggeration, myths and legends, and romanticism.

21. Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing"

1. Gao Shi, courtesy name Dafu, is known as Gao Changshi. A representative poet of the Frontier Poetry School in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Cen Shen was also known as "Gao Cen".

2. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and frontier fortress poetry has the highest achievements. The work is full of strong patriotic enthusiasm and reflects the generous and enterprising spirit of the times. At the same time, it can also reveal various contradictions in military life, reflect social reality, and sympathize with the sufferings of the people.

3. He is good at seven-character songs. He is tragic, passionate and generous. He has "The Collection of Gao Changshi".

Ideological content

This frontier fortress poem highly summarizes all aspects of the life of the Tang army soldiers guarding the border during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. ① Including praise of the Tang army’s patriotic enthusiasm for generously killing the enemy at the expense of their country,

② Accusations of the uneven suffering and happiness in the army and the corruption and incompetence of the generals,

③ To the vast number of soldiers The sympathy for the arduous battle thousands of miles away from home is also integrated into the poet's experience in the frontier fortress. In terms of rich and profound ideological content, it can be regarded as the masterpiece of frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. (Wang Changling's "Out of the Fortress" is the most unique work of the Tang Dynasty).

It shows that the writing style, rhythm and rhetoric in this poem are varied, achieving a harmonious unity of content and deep feeling.

1. Good at describing the natural environment of the frontier fortress and exaggerating the atmosphere of battlefield life, truly reproducing the rich inner feelings of the soldiers.

The writing style is varied, including general narrations of soldiers and specific descriptions of life battle scenes, as well as scene descriptions, lyrical renderings, and discussion points, all of which are flexibly combined.

2. It is a seven-character song, with four lines and one rhyme, and the rhymes are generally smooth and oblique. The rhyme and rhythm of the poem are consistent with the ups and downs of the poet's emotions, achieving a harmonious unity of content and voice. .

3. Use a variety of rhetorical techniques.

①Contrast, such as "the warriors are half dead in front of the army, but the beauties are still singing and dancing under the tent";

②Dual, such as "the desert is poor and the grass is full of grass in autumn, and the lonely city is fighting at sunset with few soldiers";

③ Metaphors, exaggerations, rhetorical questions, allusions, etc. work together to increase the artistic appeal of the work.

22. Gao Shi's "Fengqiu County"

Ideological content

Describes the inner conflict and pain of the poet during his tenure in Fengqiu County, expressing It reflects the poet's sympathy for the people, his disappointment in the officialdom, and his yearning to resign and return to the fields like Tao Yuanming, showing the image of an upright, proud, benevolent and self-sufficient scholar-bureaucrat.

Artistic Features

1. This poem is a seven-character ancient poem, and one or two of the four sentences in the whole poem are umbrella lines. (Unpaired sentences in poetry)

2. Each part of this poem has a rhyme, and when the rhyme is changed, it alternates between flat and oblique, with a wonderful rhythm.

23. Du Fu's "Ascending the Tower of Ci'en Temple with the Lords"

1. Du Fu, also known as Zimei, is known as Du Shaoling, Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. The great realist poet has "Du Gongbu Collection".

2. Living in the period when the Tang Dynasty turned from its heyday to its decline, the poems comprehensively and profoundly reflected the social reality of this period and expressed the poet's deep thoughts and feelings of concern for the country and the people. Therefore, he was praised by later generations as "History of Poetry".

3. His poems are melancholic and melancholy, with profound rhymes, integrating the strengths of others and possessing all styles. The five-character and seven-rhythm poems have particularly high achievements. They were rated as "masters" by later generations and known as the "Sage of Poetry", which had a great influence on the development of poetry in later generations.

Thought content:

The poet climbed up the tower and looked into the distance, looking up at the infinite space and the vast China, with mixed feelings, revealing his hidden worries about the turmoil of the current situation and his deep nostalgia for the politics of the Qingming Dynasty.

Artistic features:

Qiu Zhaobiao, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in his "Detailed Notes on Du Shi": "Looking down at the profound realm, Xu Heng's knowledge of the past and the present, and his feelings about his life experience, are endless. ”

1. The poet has strong writing skills, looking up to the sky and overlooking the Shenzhou, and his description is very bold.

For example, "gaobiao" is used to express the height of a tower, and "gao" is used to connect "gaobiao" and "sky", which is both exaggerated and vivid. Then the "strong wind" is used to set it off, and the "no rest" is added to highlight the height of the tower.

In the four sentences of "Taishan", the words "broken" and "unattainable" are used, which seem to allude to the gloomy political situation in the description of the scene.

2. Use allusions and metaphors.

The allusions of "drinking from Yaochi", the metaphors of "yellow swan" and "suiyang geese" also have the meaning of satirizing reality.

24. Du Fu's "War Chariots"

This poem is a new Yuefu poem, a narrative poem.

The background of the times and the creative spirit that reflects reality:

The Tang Dynasty conscripted Tubo and Nanzhao for years, and even used forced means to recruit troops.

The poem "The traveler was resentful, his parents and his wife sent him away, and his cries shook the field." This poem vividly reflects the historical reality.

Ideological content:

Strongly condemned the rulers' militaristic policies, complained about the serious disasters such policies have brought to the people, and expressed concern for the country and the people.

Narrative characteristics

The poet pays great attention to the uneven changes and opening and closing responses of the narrative. For example, the scene of relatives bidding farewell to their husbands is placed at the beginning of the chapter to exaggerate the tragic atmosphere emotionally. Between the desolate scene at the end of the chapter and the echo at the beginning, the husband expresses his hatred in a conversational way. The whole story opens and closes at times, causing ups and downs in the structure.

Summary:

This is a newly titled Yuefu poem that "is famous at the moment and will never be relied upon again".

The main part of this film is expressed directly in the form of a narration by a servant. The language is popular and simple, and the sentence structure and rhyme are full of affection and frustration.

The whole poem is lyrical in the narrative, conveying the charm of Yuefu poetry.

Please analyze the ideological content and narrative features of "Soldiers"

Answer:

1. Full ideological content: The poem is divided into three parts, the starting sentence In the first part, "Crying Soaring to the Sky", the poet uses line drawing to describe the scene of the expedition and the farewell of relatives, revealing the evil of the border expansion war.

The second part starts from "people passing by the road ask the passers-by" to "the driven dogs and chickens are the same". The scene of rural devastation caused by the direct impact of the expanded war truly reflects the disaster that the war has brought to people's lives and social reality.

The third part, from "Although the elders have questions" to the end of the chapter, writes about the local officials' pressing for rent and tax, which is just adding insult to injury, and extends the writing to the social psychology of preferring to have a girl rather than a boy. Finally, , the crying of ghosts echoes the crying of humans at the beginning, further condemning the evil consequences of war with a tragic sentiment.

2. Narrative characteristics: This is a narrative poem. The poet pays great attention to the uneven changes and opening and closing responses of the narrative.

For example, the scene of relatives bidding farewell to their husbands is placed at the beginning of the film to exaggerate the tragic atmosphere emotionally. At the end of the film, the desolate scene of bones everywhere and ghosts crying for autumn echoes with the beginning, and the dialogue is used in the middle to write the story. Husband expresses hatred. Sometimes it closes and sometimes it opens, causing structural ups and downs.

25. Du Fu's "Five Hundred Words of Odyssey from Beijing to Fengxian County"

Analyze the profound meaning of the two eternal famous sayings "The wine and meat in Zhumen smell stinky, and there are frozen bones on the road".

1. The power of artistic generalization is extremely strong, summarizing the social contradictions at that time, revealing the true nature of the prosperous Tang Dynasty under the cover of the so-called "prosperous age" and having a high level of understanding of the times;

2 , "Zhumen" and "Luyou" form a strong contrast, highlighting the extreme injustice of the gap between the rich and the poor in feudal society;

In the sentence, "wine and meat stink" and "frozen to death" present two distinct pictures , the extravagant desires of the ruling class and the hardship and death of the working people are revealed in front of readers, which is shocking.

Explain the "epic" characteristics of this poem

1. First of all, starting from my own experience and family encounters, I narrate my experiences and inner thoughts on the way from Chang'an to Fengxian. There are true feelings about one's own personality, political embrace and family tragedy;

2. It also reveals the current social reality such as the dim government, the extravagant desires of monarchs and ministers, and acute social conflicts, showing worries about the country. The broad mind of the people.

3. It can be regarded as a comprehensive summary of one's past life experience, and also has a keen political insight, making one's own judgments and opinions on the country's crisis-ridden political situation and future prospects.

4. The author's personal life experience and emotions are most closely integrated with the social reality of the Tang Dynasty at that time in the poem. His personal joys, anger, sorrows and joys reflect the suffering that existed in the world at that time, which can be called a true " Epic" scroll.

Analyze the "depressed and frustrated" artistic style embodied in this poem.

1. This poem is a representative work of Du Fu's "melancholy" artistic style, reflecting the unique emotional expression of Du Fu's poetry creation.

2. Its broad realm, profound meaning, twists and turns of expression, refined and vigorous language, sonorous and bright tones, and sudden changes in rhythm reflect the unique artistic characteristics of Du Fu's five ancient novels.

26. "Ascending" by Du Fu

Content analysis

1. The first four sentences describe the scenery with the word "autumn" in mind, describing the autumn scenery seen when climbing high.

The first couplet describes the close-up and partial scenery, one sentence for looking up and one sentence for overlooking;

The Han couplet describes the distant view and the overall scenery, one sentence for mountains and one sentence for water;

2. Multi-angle description.

There are descriptions of the chirping apes and falling leaves based on auditory images, as well as descriptions of clear sand and white sand and rolling rivers in Nagisa based on visual images. The interweaving combination of sound and color, movement and stillness, multiple levels and multiple angles constitutes a three-dimensional Three Gorges painting in late autumn.

3. The last four sentences are lyrical, focusing on the word "sadness" to express the feelings of climbing high.

① The "ten thousand miles" sentence in the neck couplet refers to space, and the "hundred years" sentence refers to time. It expresses both sentimentality about personal life circumstances and concerns about the turbulent situation in the country.

②The four words "hardship, bitterness and hatred" in the last couplet condense the above-mentioned complex emotions. Difficulties and family feuds are blended together, and the whole poem ends in the huge contradiction and pain.

The first four sentences describe the sights seen when climbing high, and the last four sentences describe the multi-layered feelings generated by climbing high, expressing sentiments about personal life circumstances and worries about the turbulent situation in the country.

Artistic characteristics

Write about the artistic characteristics of taking into account both vertical and horizontal views, contrasting movement and stillness, profound artistic conception, and contrast throughout the text.

1. The language of this film is extremely concise.

For example, in the two sentences "Thousands of miles are sad for autumn", the fourteen words have multiple sad meanings:

Being a guest in a foreign country is sad

Being a frequent guest is Two deplorables

Being a guest thousands of miles away, three deplorables

In the bleak autumn, four deplorables

There is no pleasure in the Double Ninth Festival, five deplorables

Going on the stage alone is a tragedy.

Going on the stage with a disease is a tragedy.

Being sick is a tragedy. p> Layers of rendering, layer upon layer of superposition, deep exploration of inner emotions, compressing the infinite pain and sorrow into one link, the language is summarized and the emotional capacity is huge.

2. At this time, the convention of two opposite couplets in the middle of the regular verses is broken, and the duality rhythm is strictly used throughout the poem, which has the beauty of even and symmetrical form.

(Example analysis)

①For example, "the wind is strong" and "the sky is high" in the first couplet. "Zhuqing" and "Shabai"

are a pair in the sentence. The pairing is round and natural, with no trace of chiseling, and it reads very smoothly.

Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty praised him in his "Shi Sou": "In one piece, every sentence is rhythmic; in one sentence, every word is rhythmic and real, and the meaning runs through it, and it is completed in one go." Some people even call this poem "the best seven-character rhyme in ancient and modern times".

② The matching of tones is also very particular, such as the double-tone overlapping words "Xiao Xiao" and "Gun Gun". The tone makes the whole poem harmonious and suitable for recitation.

27. Du Fu's "Another Presentation to Wu Lang"

Thoughtful content: 1. 1. This poem is a poem that replaces bamboo slips.

2. By persuading Wu Lang not to ban the old woman from beating dates, he expressed his care and sympathy for the poor people.

3. It reveals that the social root cause of the people's poverty is years of war and government corruption, which reflects the broad sentiments of the people who love things and worry about the world.

Artistic characteristics

1. In terms of expression techniques: see the big from the small, from near to far.

From the trivial matter of fencing to prevent theft, the widow Pu Zao thought about the people and the current situation, unearthed the social roots, and raised her ideological level.

2. The way of advice: word it tactfully and be sensible.

"Ning You This" means pity for the old woman, and "turning to be married" is a hint to Wu Lang.

3. In terms of language: lively, with beauty of form and music, and good use of virtual words as transitions. For example, "not for", "only fate", "zhengsi", and "that is", "then", "although", "but" etc. flow flexibly, ups and downs, and are thought-provoking.