Throughout the ages, most literati have to give their study and studio an elegant name, which is also called fasting.
the name of Zhai Hao not only reflects the owner's personality and character, but also relates to the owner's feelings and hobbies. Before naming the name, the owner should repeatedly scrutinize the elegance and vulgarity, depth and shallowness, simplicity and complexity, stability and floating of the name, and once it is named, it will remain unchanged for life.
A few words have profound meaning, which is the external confession of the master's self-cultivation, the test standard of others' observation and behavior, and the unified embodiment of the external image and internal cultivation of the vegetarian.
according to historical records, Zhai Hao originated in the Jin and Tang dynasties, prevailed in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and has been passed down from generation to generation.
We call the study a study because the original meaning of "fasting" means fasting. The ancients thought that reading was a matter of pure heart and deep concentration, and should hold a pious attitude, so the study was named after Duo Zhai. For example, Wang Anshi's Zhao Wenzhai, Pu Songling's Liaozhai, Liu E's "Holding the Handicapped and Keeping Quezhai" and Zhou Zuoren's "Kuyu Zhai".
the word composition of Zhai Hao is in an upright structure, the first half is the content, and the second half is the architectural style of Zhai Shi. Its content is organized in various forms, and it is random and indefinite.
Useful quantifiers and noun combinations, such as "Sanmotang" by Zhu Qizhan, a 1-year-old painter; "Siou Hall" by Wu Hufan, a Shanghai painter; "Eighty-seven Immortals Hall" by Xu Beihong, a great painter; and "Hundred Fan Zhai" by Xu Xiaonong, a director of fan studies in China; Useful adjectives, such as Deng Sanmu's "Three Longs and Two Shorts Zhai" and Fei Guangde's "Chunhua Zhai", a member of China Book Association; Useful nouns, such as Lai Shaoqi's "Zhai for Wood and Stone", serve as a window for literati's monologues. Its content is rich in philosophy and personality, simple and colorful, and contains profound cultural connotations. It is a unique flower in China's traditional culture.
With the changes of their aspirations, hobbies, emotional interests, career and family, and economic conditions, literati often change the name of Zhai Hao, and each new Zhai Hao is put into use, which records a new artistic conception of the vegetarian. For example, Qi Baishi's "Zhuwu", "Borrowing Mountain Pavilion", "Borrowing Mountain Pavilion", "Jiping Hall" and "Eight inkstones Building".
Looking at the numerous literati's zhaihao in ancient and modern times, the author classifies it into the following types according to the artistic conception expressed in the content:
(1) Describing the world class, taking the description of family background and life experience as the topic. Shen Junru, one of the seven gentlemen, was born in a family of seven generations who hid stones. He made friends with stones all his life. He said in a poem, "I have filled my house and slept with stones safely" and took the name "Living with stones" to express his lifelong love for stones and playing with stones to hide stones. Tao Yuanming, a poet of the Jin Dynasty, was nicknamed Mr. Wuliu. His descendants moved from Xunyang, Jiangxi Province to Yanjun Lane in Zhenjiang in the Ming Dynasty, and gradually developed into a giant in the silk industry with the manual labor of "winding silk", so he took the name of Wuliutang to show his inheritance and admiration for his ancestors.
(2) Narrating ambition and volunteering. As early as the 194s, during the Anti-Japanese War, the painter Li Keran lived in the countryside of Jingangpo, Chongqing. He was moved by the industriousness and dedication of cows when he watched and painted them. After liberation, he named his studio "Shi Niu Tang", taking painting cows as a pleasure all his life and taking "bowing his head as a willing cow" as a lesson. Gong Wang, a calligrapher in Tianjin, was upright, ignored social conventions and didn't want to do anything far-fetched. With the motto of "Ning Zhuo is not clever, rather ugly than flattering, rather fragmented than smooth, rather straightforward than arranged" in Fu Shan's "Writing words to show his children and grandchildren", he named his study "Sining Caotang", which was a pun and vivid. (3) Describe the category of reason, with the topic of expressing truth and philosophy. Ji Xiaolan, a great scholar in the Qing Dynasty, was full of knowledge. He knew astronomy and geography above, but people's sufferings below. His erudition and moral character were deeply admired and loved by imperial ministers and people. However, he took an inconspicuous name for his study, "Yuewei Caotang", telling himself to comfort others, and to see more small things, see the big ones in the small ones, and learn from the small ones.
(4) describe events, with the topic of expressing career and deeds. The famous ci writers Qiao Yu's "Habitat" seems incomprehensible at first glance, and once introduced, it is admirable. The reason for this is that many people come to the door with their newly created lyrics for advice. Visitors have both new friends and old friends, and they have come here for admiration. Mr. Qiao gives a warm reception without discrimination, but after reading it, the answer is the same word "yes". Writing a lyric itself has taken a lot of effort. "Yes" can inspire people to keep working hard, and "No" can make people lose heart and lose confidence. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty, Zhang Yanchang, a famous seal engraver of Zhejiang School, took Shi Guwen of Song Tuo Qin Dynasty, who was copied in the library of Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, back to Haiyan's hometown to continue his research, copied ten stone drums of Qin Dynasty with reference to the original objects, put them around and rubbed them day and night, and named his study "Stone Drum Pavilion" to express his love for the cause of stone seal engraving and to reflect his achievements in studying Shi Guwen. (5) Narrating interest, with the topic of expressing interest and teasing. Wang Yaoqing, a famous place in Liyuan, loves to collect antiques, jade articles, snuff bottles and celebrity calligraphy and painting. He is a famous Peking Opera performance artist and educator, and has the reputation of "the teacher of heaven" in the Peking Opera circle. But he named the study "Gufuxuan" to show his love for the collection of ancient jade. Before and after liberation, "Gufuxuan" almost became a meeting place for the theater and literary and artistic circles, and "Gufuxuan" also became the established alias of Wang Yaoqing. Wu Shousong, a binding artist, takes "Sanwei Bookstore", the homonym of "three pools mirroring the moon" in Lu Xun's novels, as the name of Zhai. Whenever others ask him what he wants, Mr. Wu always replies with a smile that "the party has not joined, the official has not done it, and the wealth has not been made", which hides the bitter story of Zhai's life and career, and allows the spectators to think about it while laughing.
(6) Describe emotions, with the topic of expressing feelings and emotions. Huang Zongjiang, a film artist, wrote that "a book has three nests but no fasting", which means that a house has three houses, and a house has books. Although there is no fasting number, reading is worthwhile. It expresses the feelings of loving books and reading. After Liu Ergang, a painter from Zhenjiang, moved to Nanjing, he named his studio "Wumengzhai", explaining that he must take a nap after lunch every day, which is not long and dreams often come.
(7) Describe the category of mind, with the topic of expressing mentality and mood. The joys and sorrows of the world will also be reflected in the literati. Literati can borrow a couple from their study, speak with fasting, express their joy in their hearts and vent their depression in their chests. Lin Yutang is influenced by the Confucian thought of "doing something" and appreciates the Taoist philosophy of "doing nothing". His attitude towards life insists on "doing something", but there are often things that he doesn't do, so he takes "doing something for fasting" as a sign to show his adherence to Mencius' mentality that "only those who don't do something can do something".