Understand); Debate (clear and agile answer)

(4) Bright and complete-and "nothing". Newborn babies often wrap their arms around them; The profit (clear. -"The Biography of Kong Rong in the Later Han Dynasty"

, clear)

(6) End: Give it back (give it back, pay it back), and it will be awkward; [end]

Xiao Qiao is married for the first time and is used with "de" or "no"; Not related; Bad (account; You can't get (you can't get it in the end)

(2) after the verb; Take a break (terminate. Such as--------------. -although the note

in Er Ya Shi Qiu remains unchanged; Get to work (smart and capable)

(3) clear. Zizi armless pictograph. -Duan Yucai's Notes on Explaining Words

(3) Another example; The game (ending. Original meaning. The contracture of the hand is said, used in front of verbs or adjectives. -Shuo Wen: Yes, Ying Hui [wise]

is small and clever: bind the baby's arms)

(2) The hand is bent [(of hand) bend]

; End): It's not necessarily surprising to learn the law (to understand the jurisprudence). Such as; Get things done quickly. Small seal characters are like the arms of a baby. -Shi Shuo Xin Yu

(5) For example, the extension refers to the way that two things are entangled and don't stretch straight)

(4) Under the guise of "Ye" and "Bu", it indicates the range and indicates the possibility [used after a verb as a p element with "De" or "Not" to indicate the pose. It's over (over) Press: smart (smart). For example, still make friends; Understand), "completely [not]" [completely]. Subordinate: Li (clear, ending)

Part of speech change

-----------------------. Got it. -Qing nalanxingde's pipa fairy

◎ Li m ◎ o

(1) complete.

Those who are tied by two strands of things or one strand of things and can't stretch straight say that they are violent, but they forget their reasons and are as clear as snow; Clear (clear, bright [light]

I received a piece of Chou-heung. -"Dialect II"

(2) Another example. -Song Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia

(7) Another example. Qin Yue said, "Yes, my hands and legs are bent, but I have no arms." 2. Is the ancient prose dead?

Up to now, we, the old, the middle-aged and the young, can hardly read China's books, and China people can't read China's own ancestors, which is a very strange phenomenon among nations all over the world.

When we say that China people can't read China's books, we don't mean that we can't read novels or newspapers, no. It is because we in China can't read these subsets of classics and history that represent China culture.

why can't I read a subset of Confucian classics? In addition to these subsets of history, we think it is profound, and there is another point. This difficulty makes us depressed. What is the difficulty? If we can't read classical Chinese, we can't read a subset of classics and history. Nowadays, people in China can't read classical Chinese.

then you said that classical Chinese is difficult to read. I can't read classical Chinese, which is understandable. Now let's discuss this problem. Is classical Chinese difficult to read? We have the impression that classical Chinese is difficult to read, which was also told us by those intellectuals during the May 4th Movement in the early years of the Republic of China.

These intellectuals in the May 4th Movement were very strange: first, they opposed China culture and western culture, then they opposed modernity and tradition, and they said that we must abandon tradition in modernization. We feel very strange: why can Japan modernize without giving up tradition? Only China people must give up tradition to modernize? You gave up tradition, where is your modernization? So this is an opposing idea.

Then this opposing idea is used in language education, and he tells us that it is very important for you to learn the vernacular. The vernacular is important and meaningful, which we admit.

However, he said: If you want to learn the vernacular, you must knock down the ancient prose! Hu Shizhi once wrote a small article to teach us this truth. I will recite this article. His article is entitled "Ancient prose is dead". He said, "Ancient prose is dead! Guwen is dead! Been dead for over two thousand years! His filial sons and grandsons dare not mourn for him, so they dare not report the news of his death. Now I, Hu Shizhi, come out and announce that Guwen is dead! Guwen is dead! If you want to celebrate, celebrate! If you want to cry, go and cry! " Should we give up ancient Chinese if we want to learn vernacular Chinese? One more thing, is ancient Chinese difficult to learn? We have to solve this problem first. Today, we can teach children to read ancient Chinese, and even teach children to read classics.

first of all, let's analyze, what is ancient prose? What is vernacular? The ancients were talking and speaking the vernacular, so when we were watching a play, they sang songs and read poems. The lyrics were all in ancient Chinese, but they also had a white mouth. What is a white mouth? Is their ordinary speech, their ordinary speech is vernacular, so the ancients also spoke vernacular like us. However, when we speak alone, there is only a three-inch distance between our thinking and our speech, and we speak whatever we think, so our speech is not so strict and standard.

Therefore, if you want to spread your lifelong learning experience, you must arrange your thoughts and make them very accurate. And don't be so wordy, as my speech is wordy now, you can't read it when you organize it into articles, so we should simplify our thoughts; Third, since you want others to see it and it will last for a long time, you must beautify it. Therefore, our ordinary thoughts are not spoken directly, but sorted out, refined and concentrated, and then recorded, which becomes a written language called classical Chinese.

if you only record your oral English, I will write my oral English by hand, which is called vernacular Chinese. So when the ancients wanted to write articles seriously, he wrote classical Chinese, and when he was playing games, he wrote vernacular Chinese.

For example, if he wants to write to his family, he will write in the vernacular; What's more, he writes novels and vernacular. What is a novel? It's just a small talk, a small talk, a dirty work, called a novel.

There were so-called nine schools and ten schools in hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period. Why nine schools and ten schools? Originally, there were nine bad schools, but one of the ten schools was called a novelist. Because novelists can't get in, the ten schools are actually left with bad schools, which shows that novels are dirty. These literati are writing novels, which are his games, and the games are written in vernacular.

then don't you think it's good to use vernacular? Isn't it good to spread it widely in vernacular? People who think like this now should add a little knowledge of history, so you won't think like this. What do you mean? If we record our thoughts in vernacular, our language will change in 3 or 5 years, so you can't read our words, so the vernacular can't spread for a long time, can't spread for a long time, and can't spread far.

Let's take an example. A person reads Li Sao, a work by Qu Yuan. The more he reads it, the more difficult it is. The more difficult it is for this person to read it, the more angry he becomes. He throws the book on the ground and scolds me, "I can't read such a difficult book, so you deserve to jump into the river!" In fact, we misunderstood Qu Yuan, who also read a lot of books. When he wrote articles in classical Chinese, we all read them smoothly. When he wrote in the vernacular of Chu, Qu Yuan wanted to write a lively and romantic article, plus a little of his vernacular. After he wrote in the vernacular for hundreds of years, one or two thousand years, we didn't know what he was talking about. Spread to thousands of miles away, we don't understand what he is saying; Not only you and I don't understand it, but even the annotators can't note it, so some languages have become eternal mysteries. Why? Vernacular! Now the Four Books and Five Classics are even older than Li Sao, and we can all read them. As long as you know classical Chinese, you can go up and down for three thousand years.

Because all the articles in the past 3, years have been written in the same set of classical Chinese, with classical Chinese, it can keep the language in China stable and not change much, and it can also make our vernacular more elegant and rich in content. For example, let's just say, "I came to Singapore to give a speech today, and everyone responded very well. I had a good time."

The word "joyous" is classical Chinese, so there is not much difference between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese, but now our minds in China have been brainwashed by the May 4th Movement. We now believe that classical Chinese is very different from vernacular Chinese; Also, we think: vernacular is easy to learn, while classical Chinese is difficult to learn. 3. In the classical Chinese with the same format as the humble room inscription, except that Ailian said

there are not many friends who make friends, just be intimate. If you are not beautiful in appearance, you will be wise in heart. You are a good friend, only my true feelings. Give your life to save you when you are in trouble, and share your blessings when you are in trouble. You trust each other and have a tacit understanding in doing things. You can live and die together, and you can suffer. There is no quarrel. If you use it, you can do it, if you give it up, you can hide it. Only I have a husband with you! In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi's mountain is not high, but the immortal is famous. The water is not deep, but the dragon is spiritual. I am humble, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass is green in the curtains. I talk and laugh about Confucianism, but I don't have Bai Ding. I can tune the lute and read the golden scriptures. I don't have the confusion of silk and bamboo, and I don't have the cumbersome form. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Yunting in Xishuzi. The reputation of a mountain does not lie in the height of the mountain. As long as there are immortals, there will be a reputation. The reputation of water does not lie in the depth of the water. As long as there is a dragon, there will be aura. Although I live in a simple and narrow house, my noble moral character can also spread everywhere. Moss climbs the steps, showing a green color. The grass reflects the curtain and the room is full of green. On weekdays, people are knowledgeable and knowledgeable. Everyone who comes and goes is uneducated and uneducated. You can fiddle with the uncut piano at will and read the Buddhist scriptures written in clay. There is no noisy music that disturbs your ears, and there are not many official documents to worry about. This simple and narrow house is as famous as Zhuge Liang's cottage in Nanyang and Yang Xiong's former residence in West Shu. As Confucius said, as long as it is the residence of a gentleman with high moral character, there is no reason to say it. Appreciation] Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription" has long been a well-known "famous article", but in fact this famous article was "angry". It is said that Liu Yuxi was exiled to Anhui and Hezhou as a secretariat at that time. When Hezhou magistrate saw that he was exiled, he made things difficult. First, he was arranged to live at the south gate of the city, facing the river. Instead of complaining, Liu Yuxi wrote a couplet and posted it on his door. I was arguing with Zhou Si. "This move angered the magistrate, so he transferred Liu Yuxi's residence from the south to the north, and reduced the house from three to one and a half. The new house is near the river, and Liu Yuxi touched the scene and wrote a couplet:" People are in the heart of Liyang by the river. "Seeing that he is still at ease, the magistrate transferred his house to the city again, and only gave him one. Liu Yuxi moved three times in a row, and the house became smaller every time. In the end, it was just a small room. Considering that the county magistrate was really cruel, he angrily wrote the "Humble Room Inscription". The "Humble Room Inscription" spread through the ages, and the humble room was also famous all over the world. Today, Liu Yuxi's humble room was located in Anhui and the county, with three 9 houses in the shape of words, arches and cornices and white walls It seems that people can smell the rich fragrance of calligraphy. In the small and exquisite pavilion on the east side of the courtyard, there is a tablet of "Humble Room Inscription", engraved with the full text of "Humble Room Inscription" circulated for thousands of years, written by calligrapher Meng Fanqing. In the middle of the main room, there is a statue of Liu Yuxi, which is chic and solemn, with a plaque of "Zheng Zhuo Xian Liang" hanging on it The elegance of humanity, accepting literati, "talking and laughing with a scholar, no Bai Ding"; Elegant state of mind, "you can tune the piano and read the Golden Classics. There is no confusion in the ears of the silk and bamboo, and there is no cumbersome form", which expresses the author's valuable temperament of being broad-minded and far-reaching, and different customs. Liu Yuxi is an official, honest and selfless, diligent in government affairs and concerned about people's livelihood; For the sake of writing, I have made great achievements, great wisdom and great wisdom, and left many catchy and philosophical poems and essays for future generations. 4. The origin of classical Chinese

Classical Chinese comes from the vernacular Chinese, and its characteristic is that it is written on the basis of words, so it pays attention to allusions, parallel antithesis and neat melody, and does not use punctuation. Before the "Vernacular Movement", all articles except vernacular novels were written in classical Chinese, including strategies, poems, words and songs.

Features

The features of classical Chinese are as follows: separation of language and writing, unchanging for a long time, concise writing, and difficult to understand ancient Austria.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The advantages of classical Chinese lie in the fine chain of words, subtle words, beautiful words, and harmony with melody. Moreover, it is possible to interpret the text in different ways, so modern people can also read the Analects of Confucius and others.

The disadvantage of classical Chinese is that it is difficult to understand and popularize. It takes proper training to understand the meaning of classical Chinese, and it is more difficult to write classical Chinese. Therefore, after the May Fourth Movement, the vernacular Chinese that emphasizes "I write my mouth by hand" and "I can read if I can read" gradually replaced classical Chinese.

development

in modern Chinese society, writing in vernacular Chinese is the mainstay, while classical Chinese still receives considerable attention. Classical Chinese still has a certain influence on vernacular Chinese, and many people still like to quote allusions, poems, words and Chinese communities when writing in vernacular Chinese.