Confucius's father is Ge (a word, Ge is a name, he is a voice), and his mother is Yan Zhizai. Shu was a famous warrior of Lu at that time. His character is outstanding. He made two military exploits. He is famous for holding the hanging door with one arm to let the troops who rushed into the city retreat. He used to be a doctor at Qiaoyi. Shu married Shi first, gave birth to nine daughters and no children. He married another concubine and gave birth to a son named Bernie, also named Meng Pi. Meng Pi's foot had a problem, which was not suitable for inheritance according to the etiquette at that time, so Confucius, a young woman, was born in Yan Zhi.
Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) in 55 1 year BC (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu). Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain, they named it Qiuzi. Confucius died when he was three years old, and his mother and son were not accepted by Shi (Shu's wife). Yan Zhizhai, the mother of Confucius, had to move to Qufu Que with Confucius and Meng Pi, and her life was difficult. 17 years old, Confucius' mother Yan zhizai died, and he served three years of mourning.
Confucius/kloc-married the daughter of an official in the song dynasty when he was 0/9 years old. A year later, the official gave birth to a son. Zhao Gong sent someone to congratulate him. Confucius felt very honored, so he named his son carp, Apollo. In the tenth year of Lu Aigong (485 BC), Mrs. Confucius died.
According to Confucius' family stories and historical records, in his youth, Confucius used to be a "Commissioner" (a small official in charge of warehouses) and a "farmer" (a small official in charge of pastures), and everything was almost perfect. Because of Confucius' extraordinary ability and knowledge, he was quickly promoted. By the time Confucius was 5 1 year old, he was appointed as Zhongduzai (equivalent to the current mayor), and his political achievements were very remarkable; One year later, he was promoted to Sikong (equivalent to the current Minister of Construction) and later to Dashikou (equivalent to the director of the local public security department and the director of the procuratorate in the Supreme People's Court); At the age of 56, he was promoted to acting prime minister and concurrently served as foreign minister (Confucius was promoted too quickly to meet the promotion standards of officials at that time, so he was acting prime minister). When Confucius was in power, he immediately killed Shao Zhengmao, a traitor who disturbed political affairs, making him famous for a while. It can be seen that Confucius is not a pedantic pedant as some people think in later generations, but a man who dares to act without being violent. Only three months after Confucius came to power, all aspects of internal affairs and foreign affairs in Shandong have been greatly improved, the national strength has greatly increased, the people live and work in peace and contentment, the social order is very good (the history book says, "the road is not picked up, the door is not closed at night"), and traitors and unruly people have fled; At the same time, Confucius also forced Qi to return the large territory occupied by Lu in the war to Lu through diplomatic means. 12 years, in order to weaken the Third Ring Road (the third-generation leader and uncle Heshi were called the Third Ring Road because they were three grandchildren), the state power of Lu at that time was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees), and Confucius took measures to reduce the Third Ring Road (that is, demolishing the castle built by the Third Ring Road). Later, the action of lowering the three capitals failed, but it played a considerable role in strengthening the office. Confucius' outstanding ruling ability made Qi feel threatened, so in order to crowd out Confucius, he sent 120 good horses and 80 female musicians to the princes of Lu. The monarch of Lu was addicted to this and did not go to court for three days in a row. On the day of the sacrifice, he forgot to share the meat (which was a very serious thing at that time). Disappointed with Lu Jun, Confucius left Lu and began to travel around the world. Confucius has been to Wei, Song, Cao, Qi, Chen, Cai, Chu and other countries. Although Confucius is respected all over the world, his political ideas of taking benevolence as the core, taking propriety as the order, demanding harmony and cherishing people's strength are incompatible with the hegemony pursued by the rulers at that time, and Confucius has never been used to promote his political ideals. Confucius returned to Lu at the age of 68, and the monarch of Lu was quite polite to Confucius, but he still didn't reuse Confucius.
Confucius' political ideal could not be realized at that time, but Confucius' greatness lies in "knowing that it is not feasible", and he pinned his political ideal on future generations. Confucius therefore stopped direct political activities after returning to Lu, and continued to sort out cultural classics and revise the Six Classics. On the one hand, he recruited disciples and carried out cultural and educational undertakings on a large scale. According to legend, he taught more than 3,000 disciples, among whom 72 were proficient in Six Arts.
In his later years, Yan Hui, the most proud disciple of Confucius, unfortunately died young. His favorite pupil, Lu, died of civil strife in Wei, and his son died young. Under the "Tao can't work" and this series of blows, the author suspects that Confucius' health has been greatly damaged. Confucius died on February 1 1 in 479 BC at the age of 73 (72).
2. Classical Chinese translation of Confucius' disciples "expressing their opinions" I. Translation
Yan Hui and Luz were accompanied by Confucius.
Confucius said, "Why don't you talk about the aspirations of each of you?"
Lutz said: "I would like to use my horses and chariots and my fur coat with my friends. Even if they are broken, I will not regret it."
Yan Yuan said, "Do you want to brag about your own benefits and not publicize your merits?"
Lutz said, "We want to hear your wishes."
Confucius said, "Let the elderly live comfortably, let friends trust me, and let young people turn to me."
Second, the original text
Yan Yuan, Shi. Confucius said, "Why do you say it?" Lutz said, "May horses, horses, clothes, clothes and friends feel sorry for us." Yan Yuan said: "I hope that there is no good cut, and I will get it for nothing." Lutz said, "I want to hear about Zizi's ambition." Confucius said, "Old people are safe, friends believe, and young people are pregnant."
Third, the source
The Analects of Confucius
Extended data
First, the creative background
The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism and a collection of recorded essays, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples in the form of quotations and dialogues, and embodies Confucius' political, aesthetic, moral and utilitarian values. The Analects of Confucius covers politics, education, literature, philosophy and ways of living.
As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, when Confucius set up an altar to give lectures, its main contents were initially established; After the death of Confucius, his disciples and re-disciples passed on his remarks from generation to generation, and gradually recorded the words and deeds of these oral quotations, so it was called "On"; The Analects of Confucius mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, so it is called "language".
Second, the appreciation of works
The Analects of Confucius are mostly quotations, but they are all rich in meaning, and some sentences and chapters are vivid.
The center of the description in The Analects of Confucius is Confucius, "Confucius' elegant demeanor overflows with aphorisms" (Wen Xin Diao Zheng Longsheng); There are not only static descriptions of his manners, but also vivid descriptions of his personality and temperament. In addition, centering on Confucius, The Analects of Confucius also successfully created some images of Confucius disciples.
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Confucius (55 BC/kloc-0 BC/-479 BC), that is, Lu (now Nishan Town, Qufu City, Jining City, Shandong Province), was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. His thoughts had a far-reaching impact on China and the world.
Confucius led some disciples around the world for fourteen years and revised the Six Classics in his later years. Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures. According to legend, he has 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of the wise. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their descendants recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects. What he did was recorded in Historical Records Confucius Family.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Say your own words
Baidu encyclopedia-Analects of Confucius industrial field
3. Confucius' story translation ■ Perfect: the description is to the extreme, without flaws.
When Confucius was in the State of Qi, he had the opportunity to enjoy the most wonderful music he thought [[Shao]]. He called it "perfect, perfect!" Then I was deeply moved. I thought about it for many days, and eating meat was tasteless. I don't know the taste of meat in March, which was originally used to describe Confucius' fascination with music. It is really strange that later generations use it to describe poverty.
■ Talking in Kan Kan: Talking leisurely.
In the hierarchy of the Zhou Dynasty, Confucius' position was equivalent to that of a doctor. Confucius was a man who tried to follow the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty. He talks nonsense when he meets people. In his hometown, he seemed gentle and obedient, as if he could not speak. In court, I am good at talking, but a little cautious; In the imperial court, when the monarch was away, Kan Kan talked with officials at the same level with confidence; Speak kindly to your superiors; The monarch came, respectful and uneasy, and cautious.
■ Don't give up day and night: it means that time keeps passing.
Confucius has a strong sense of time. He once sighed by the river: "The deceased is like a husband, and he will not give up day and night." It means that time is gone forever! Like that river that runs day and night!
Time is like running water, so we must cherish it. Confucius is famous in history because he knows that time is wealth!
■ Do not pick up the remains: describe the good social atmosphere and good morality.
Confucius served as several officials in Lu, and during his reign, the politics of Lu improved greatly: selling things without bargaining; If you drop something, don't panic. Everyone has his own personality and refuses to answer it.
■ Entering the classroom: indicates that it has reached a certain level or received special guidance from the teacher.
Luz, a disciple of Confucius, is very brave. One day, he played the harp in Confucius' house, and his voice was murderous, which violated Confucius' taboo-benevolence. Confucius naturally didn't like it, and it was not convenient to attack. He said discontentedly: "Lutz's ability to play the harp has reached the hall, but he has not yet entered the inner room." Why does he play the harp in my house? " Boring! "As soon as Confucius' disciples heard that Old Master Q was dissatisfied with Lutz, they immediately changed their views and attitudes towards Lutz and despised him more and more.
Two revelations: it is best to be quiet in other people's homes;
For the boss, you should know how to do what you like!
■ Hearsay: generally refers to unfounded rumors.
Confucius said, "Listen to his words and abandon his virtue."
It means: it is unacceptable to listen to some unfounded words on the road and spread them irresponsibly on the road.
There are many similar things that have been seriously turned around. In fact, these rumors are full of loopholes. As long as you think about it and check it carefully, you can see what's wrong. However, many people believe it and enjoy it. Are we too fragile and credulous, or are we too easy to incite emotions in the network? Be alert!
■ Angry and forgetting to eat: describe studying hard and working hard.
Yin of Chu asked Confucius' disciples to talk about their views on Confucius. His disciple was too careless to say a word. County magistrate Yin had to be unhappy. When Confucius learned of this, he was very unhappy and complained: Why didn't you say: My teacher is a good scholar, so angry that he forgot to eat and so happy that he forgot his troubles! The disciple immediately understood and said with shame, "Teacher, I am confused. Now I finally understand. Whoever asks me again in the future, I will answer according to the teacher's instructions. " Confucius smiled happily when he was comfortable. "Good, good, good."
As the saying goes, wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley, but Confucius knows how to blow it at the right time. It is really an example for us to learn!
Drumming: describes people who condemn crimes.
Ran Qiu, a disciple of Confucius, worked in North Korea and was going to try out the new law and ask Confucius for advice. Confucius happened to be on the conservative side, so he was very angry. He scolded Jean A Qiu like a dog. Ran Qiu insisted on his own reform again and again, so Confucius issued a killing order to all his disciples: Ran Qiu is not my disciple, so attack him together! "[[The Analects of Confucius. Advanced articles]] "Oh, it's not my apprentice, it's the boy who can beat the drums!
Wow, many hands make light work. Since ancient times, there have been more people than there are, and the style of bullying and being afraid of hard work has long been stereotyped.
How is your social relationship? Are you hard backstage? Do you have many friends? If not, you must be careful and live a completely clean life!
■ Bullying the weak with the strong: bullying the weak with the strong.
Zhiyan, the leader of the slave uprising, was called a thief by the literati. Confucius wanted to persuade the thief to take the right path, so he dared to go to him. Unexpectedly, he was insulted by the thief, which made Confucius blind, pale and ashamed! Come on, people who are tired of Confucius have the opportunity to scold with the hero who stole their feet:
"You die master, you don't work, but you eat well, but you don't spin. You rap all day, make trouble, confuse the monarch and ministers all over the world, and make false behaviors of honoring your parents and caring for your brothers. In order to get a seal and get wealth, you will be the biggest thief in the world. After the rise of Yao and Shun, you made a hundred ministers, demoted the monarch, and Zhou Wuwang killed Shang and Zhou. Since then, society has been bullying the weak. you
Why do people in the world call me a thief instead of calling you a thief? You sinful man, come back quickly, otherwise, I will use your liver to add food and wine! "
■ The master's hill: a metaphor for not knowing famous people around you.
The famous mountain in Shandong, the hometown of Confucius, has been known to almost everyone for thousands of years. However, when he was alive, he was not so famous. It is said that there lived an old man to the west of Confucius, but he was not a big shot in the neighborhood. Every time I mention Confucius, I will call him by his first name and say how he is my boss's hill.
4. About the story of Confucius and his disciples, the famous sayings in The Analects of Confucius are explained 1. Confucius said,' Don't you learn badly? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know or care, and they are not gentlemen. "
Confucius said, "study hard and review hard. Why not?"? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? I'm not disgusted or angry that people don't know me. Isn't that a gentleman? "
2. A Confucius said, "It is rare that he is filial and prone to crime. Those who are not good at making mistakes but are good at making trouble are not good at making mistakes. Gentleman's business is based on inheritance and Taoism. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence? "
A son said, "It is rare to be filial to parents, obedient to elder brothers, and like to offend the upper rulers." . I don't like to offend the upper rulers, but there are no people who like to rebel. When a gentleman is committed to the fundamental things, the way of governing the country and being a man is established. Filial piety is the essence of benevolence! "
3. Confucius said: "Clever words make color, fresh and benevolent." Ceng Zi said, "I've visited myself three times. Is it cheating for others? Don't believe in making friends? Can you pass it on? Confucius said: the country is a thousand times, respecting things and believing, saving money and loving others makes people timely.
Confucius said, "There are few people who pretend to please others. Ceng Zi said, "I reflect on myself many times every day. Do I try my best to do things for others? Is it honest and trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? Confucius said: "To govern a country with 1,000 personnel carriers, we must seriously handle state affairs, keep promises, be honest and perform official duties, save financial expenses, and care for officials so that people will not miss the farming season. "
4. Confucius said: Disciples are filial when they enter, but embarrassed when they leave. I sincerely believe that if I love the masses and the people, and if I have spare capacity, I will learn from them. Xia Zi said: A gentleman's color changes, but it's hard to recall a horse. Jun, it can cause his body. Make friends and keep your word. Although I haven't studied, I will call it learning.
Confucius said: "Disciples are filial to their parents; When you are away from home, you should obey your teachers, be cautious in words and deeds, be honest and trustworthy, behave yourself, love everyone widely, and be close to benevolent people. After practicing like this, if you still have spare capacity, you will study literary knowledge again. " Xia Zi said: "A person can attach importance to virtue, instead of a woman serving her parents and doing her best;" Serving the monarch can give his life; Communicate with friends, speak honestly and keep your word. Such a person, although he says he hasn't studied, I must say he has. "
5. Confucius said: if a gentleman is not heavy, he is not strong, while learning is not solid. The Lord is faithful, and people who have no friends are inferior to themselves, but don't be afraid to change after that. Ceng Zi said: Be cautious in pursuing the future, and people's morality will return to thick.
Confucius said, "A gentleman has no dignity and dignity; Learning can make people not blocked; Give priority to faithfulness and don't make friends with people who are different from you; If you make a mistake, don't be afraid to correct it. " Ceng Zi said: "Conscientiously ending the death of parents and remembering the distant ancestors will naturally make the people loyal and honest."
(This information comes from Baidu Library, please cherish it. )
5. Ask Confucius and his disciples to talk about the ideal writing style: Zeng Yi, You Ran and Gong Xihua. Confucius said, "If one day I grow up, I won't. Zhu Ze said,' I don't know!' If you know me, why bother? "
Lutz, Ceng Yong, You Ran and Gong Xihua sat with Confucius. Confucius said, "Don't be afraid to speak just because I am older than you. You often say,' Nobody knows me!' What are you going to do if someone knows you? "
Lutz led the way and said: "If great powers take a thousand times as many countries and help them with their teachers, they will be hungry;" For this reason, compared with three years, you can go forward and know one side. "
Lutz quickly replied: "A country with 1000 personnel carriers is sandwiched between big countries, then invaded by foreign troops, and then encounters famine;" If I am allowed to govern this country and wait for another three years, I can make everyone brave and good at fighting, and I also know the truth of being a man. "
Fu Zi Yi Zhi
Confucius laughed it off.
"Go ahead, what do you know?"
"Ran Qiu, how are you?"
He said: "You are sixty or seventy, you are fifty or sixty, and you ask for more happiness. Compared with three years, you can satisfy the people. If it is a ritual, it is a gentleman. "
(Ran Qiu) replied, "A country with 60 or 70 miles or 50 or 60 miles can make its people rich in three years if I am allowed to govern it. As for ritual and music cultivation, we only wait for sages and gentlemen. "
"Hong, what about you?"
"Gong Xichi, how are you?"
Right: "If you can't do it, you are willing to learn. If the ancestral hall is agreed, it will be a small matter. "
(Gong Xichi) A: "I dare not say what I can do, but I am willing to learn. I am willing to wear a dress and a hat as a small tribute for the work of offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple, or for the meeting of governors and meeting with the emperor. "
"Point, what about you?"
"Ceng Dian, how are you?"
Drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, drums.
(Ceng Dian) The sound of playing the harpsichord gradually became sparse. With a clang, he put down the harpsichord and straightened up. He replied, "My talent is different from the three of them!"
Confucius said, "Why not? Also speak your mind! "
Confucius said, "What does that matter? Just talk about your ambition! "
He said: "Mo Chun, who has taken the spring clothes, has five or six champions and six or seven boys, bathed in deduction, dancing in the wind and singing back."
(Ceng Dian) said: "In late spring (the weather is warm), spring clothes have been put on. (I and) five or six adults, six or seven teenagers, took a bath in the Yi River, blew the wind on the stage and walked home singing. "
The master sighed: "I brought some!" " "
Confucius sighed and said, "I agree with Ceng Dian's idea!"
The third son came out, and the third son came out. Zeng Yong said, "What about the words of one husband and three sons?"
Lutz, You Ran and Gong Xihua all went out, and Ceng Yong finally left. Yao Zeng asked (Confucius), "What about the three of them?"
Confucius said, "Let's stop talking!"
Confucius said, "I'm just talking about my ambition!"
He said, "What's the reason, Master?"
Ceng Yong said, "Why are you laughing at Zhong You?"
He said, "be polite to the country. If you don't let it, that's one reason. If you only want it, you are not a country. Who is comfortable in sixty or seventy, for example, fifty or sixty, not one state? Only red is not a state? Ancestral temples will be harmonious, not princes. The red one is small, how can it be big? "
(Confucius) said: "To govern a country, we should be reasonable and accommodating, but his words are not modest at all, so we laugh at him." Isn't Ran Qiu talking about the country? How can you tell that a place of 60 or 70 miles or 50 or 60 miles is not a country? Isn't Gong Xichi talking about the country? What do you mean, it's not a big deal for the vassal to sacrifice at the ancestral temple and meet the vassal? If Gong Xihua can only praise the princes, who can praise them? "
Lutz-governing a "country a thousand times", "can make you go forward and know one side"
You Ran-Governing a small country of 60-70 square meters, say 50-60 square meters, "can satisfy the people", but "be a gentleman".
Gong Xihua-When "the ancestral hall is like a meeting", "May it be a small picture."
Zeng Xi-"Mo Chun, spring dress achievement ... and then come back with a sigh."
Luz: Frank Chiichi
You Ran: Modesty-sigh.
Gong Xihua: More Modesty-Cherish
Zeng: Free and easy-let it be.
6. The translation of Confucius' ancient prose is as follows:
Confucius thinks that Yan Hui, Zigong and Luz all have their own advantages, and in a sense, these advantages are beyond his Confucius' reach (Qiu Fu Ru Ye), but they are not perfect because they are not good at observing the center and have a proper sense of proportion. He has the advantages of others, but he can also be innocent and feel inferior. Therefore, although he is not as good as others in specific aspects, he has comprehensive advantages.
The article Huai Nan Zi Ren Jian records that people may ask Confucius, "What kind of person is Yan Hui?" He said, "Benevolent people are also. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " "What kind of person is Zi Gong?" He said, "You can argue with others. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " "What kind of person is Luz?"
Yue: "The brave are also. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " The guest said, "All three are virtuous, and they are the victims. Why? " Confucius said, "Qiu is patient, slow to argue, and brave and timid. With the strength of the third son, it is easy to get rid of Qiu, too. "
Extended data:
It's from Huainanzi written by Liu An, the king of Huainan.
Huainanzi, also known as Huainan Lie Hong, is a philosophical work written by Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty (179- 122) and his disciples. The content used to be divided into internal and external articles, but now there are only 2 1 internal articles. This book is mainly based on Taoism, which combines Confucianism, Legalism, Yin-Yang and Five Elements, so it is generally considered as a miscellaneous work. The book preserves many historical materials of natural sciences and myths and fables, and also records many anecdotes between Qin and Han dynasties, which are rich in content.
1, a game you can chat and play on qq, a werewolf killing game.
2, the rules of the game of werewolf killing
Role introductio