Mengchang Jun

One of the four princes during the Warring States Period in China, and a minister of the Qi clan. That is Tian Wen. Tian Wen's father, Jingguo Jun Tian Ying, was the youngest son of King Wei of Qi and the younger brother of King Xuan of Qi. Lord Mengchang inherited the title of his father Tian Ying and granted him the title of Xue (now southeast of Tengzhou, Shandong), calling him Duke Xue and Lord Mengchang. When Mengchang was in Xue, he invited a large number of guests, totaling more than 3,000 people. King Zhao of Qin heard about Lord Mengchang's virtues and wanted to see Lord Mengchang. After Mengchangjun entered Qin, he was appointed as prime minister. Later, King Zhao of Qin believed the slander, imprisoned Lord Mengchang and planned to kill him. With the help of his retainers, Lord Mengchang fled back to Qi. After Mengchangjun returned to Qi State, he was appointed Prime Minister of Qi State. He insisted on uniting Han and Wei to contain the Chu State, and developing joint forces to resist Qin. Later, he was falsely accused and was suspected by the King of Qi. Xie fell ill and returned to Xue as an old man. Later, because the increasingly arrogant and extravagant King of Qi still wanted to get rid of him, he had to flee to Wei State again and was appointed as the Prime Minister of Wei by King Wei Zhao. He advocated uniting Qin, Zhao and Yan to attack Qi together, which changed the situation of the Warring States Period. After the death of King Qi, Lord Mengchang returned to the country and established a neutral position among the vassal states. Wang Anshi wrote an article

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Read "The Biography of Mengchangjun"

It is said in the world that Mengchangjun was able to win scholars, and the scholars returned to him because of the reason, and died. He relied on his strength to escape from the tiger and leopard Qin.

Ugh, Mengchang Junte’s crowing of cocks and roosters and the robber’s ears are not enough to win scholars! Otherwise, if someone is good at Qi and is strong enough to get a few scholars, it is better to go south and control Qin. How can he take advantage of the power of roosters, dogs and thieves? The husband's rooster crows and the dog robbers come out of the door. This is the reason why the scholar does not come.

Wu Qi (BC440~BC381):

A native of the Zuo family of Weiguo (now west of Dingtao, Shandong). When he was young, he studied under Zeng Can, a disciple of Confucius. He was a general of Lu at the beginning. In 412 BC, when the Qi army attacked Lu, Wu Qi led the Lu army to the front line (in order to gain this opportunity to gain fame, he killed his wife of Qi nationality, which is called "killing his wife to seek general"). He did not immediately agree with him. When the Qi army started fighting, they expressed their willingness to negotiate with the Qi army. They first showed weakness to the other party's envoys, garrisoned the middle army with old and weak soldiers to paralyze the Qi army's officers and soldiers, and then unexpectedly launched a fierce attack on the Qi army with a strong army. The Qi army rushed to fight and was defeated. After the war, the king of Lu was influenced by slander and was very suspicious of him. Wu Qi joined Wei as a general and was appointed as the guard of Xihe by Wei Wenhou, the British lord of the generation, to resist Qin and South Korea. In 409 BC, Wu Qi first built a city in Shaoliang, Hexi, as an advance base, and then led his army to capture Linjin and Yuanli in the Qinhexi region, and built additional cities on these two cities. The next year, he attacked Qin and reached Zheng, built Luoyin and Heyang, and occupied all the Qin's land west of the river. He established Xihe County and served as the governor of Xihe County. During this period, he fought 76 battles with the princes, winning 64 of them, regardless of the outcome of the others. He expanded the territory in all directions and thousands of miles. Especially in the Battle of Yin and Jin in 389 BC, Wu Qi mobilized his soldiers and defeated the Qin army with 50,000 Wei troops. This was a famous battle in the history of Chinese wars where a small number defeated a large number. It also made the Wei State a powerful force in the early Warring States Period. of vassal states. When Wu Qi was guarding Xihe, he emphasized "governing" rather than having many soldiers, and pioneered the method of selecting soldiers: those who can wear full armor, hold a 12-stone crossbow (one stone is about 30 kilograms today), carry 50 arrows on the back, and carry a sword. Those who carry three days of rations and run a hundred miles in half a day can be selected as "Martial Soldiers" and their whole family will be exempted from the corvee and land and house rent taxes. The "Martial Soldiers" will be strictly trained to become the elite of the Wei State. division. When Wu Qi was in charge of the army, he advocated severe punishment, clear rewards, and teaching and discipline first. He believed that if the laws were unclear and the rewards and punishments were not believed, it would be useless even if there were millions of troops. He once killed a warrior who attacked the enemy without being ordered to clarify the law. When Wu Qi was a general, he shared the same clothes and food with the lowest-ranking soldiers. He did not lay out mats when sleeping, did not ride horses or carriages when marching, carried dry food himself, and shared the labor with the soldiers. When a soldier suffered a sore, Wu Qi sucked the pus for him with his mouth. The soldier's mother burst into tears when she found out about this. Others said: "Your son is a soldier, and the general sucked the pus from his sores himself. Why are you still crying?" The mother said, "That's not the case. In the past, Duke Wu sucked the pus from his father's sores, and his father never moved forward when fighting. He fought hard, so he died in the battle. Now Wu Gong sucked the abscess of my son again, and I didn't know where he was going to die again, so I cried.

"After the death of Wei Wenhou Wei Si of Wei, Wu Qi was framed by the prime minister Gongshu Cuo and the doctor Wang Cuo, and was forced to defect to Chu in 383 BC. He was first appointed Wanshou, and a year later he was promoted to Ling Yin, taking charge of military and political power and presiding over reforms. Wu Qi targeted Chu The old aristocracy was deprived of its political and economic privileges, and redundant personnel and expenses were used to select and train the army in order to enrich the country and strengthen its army. In just one year, the poor and weak Chu State began to become stronger and conquered Baiyue to the south; and annexed Chen State and Cai State to the north. Kingdom, and repelled the expansion of Han, Zhao, and Wei; he marched westward to conquer Qin, and his troops were powerful in all directions. In 381 BC, King Xiong Yi of Chu died, and the old nobles who opposed the reform pursued Wu Qi, so he had nowhere to escape. Lying on the body of the king of Chu, he was shot to death by random arrows from the nobles, and the body was torn apart by chariots. After the new king came to the throne, when the crime of offending the corpse of the previous king was investigated, more than seventy families of the nobles involved were executed. To avenge himself before his death, Wu Qi's wisdom can be said to be incredible). He wrote the book "Wu Zi" (48 chapters of "Wu Qi" were recorded in "Hanshu Yiwenzhi"), but it has been lost, and the existing version is based on textual research. It was written by someone from the Han Dynasty. Some people also suggested that "Zuo Zhuan" was also a work of Wu Qi based on the "Zuo Zhuan" describing the true extent of the war and tending to praise the previous kings of Wei and Chu and despise the Chu nobles. In this way, he is a military strategist, a statesman, and a historian all in one. Praising: Wei Liao said that Wu Qi "has an army of 70,000 men, and no one in the world can match him." Compare it to "Sun Wu". Every time Wu Qi came to a country, as long as the monarch could use it, he would definitely make the country stronger. The system he established in Wei made Wei the number one superpower in the early Warring States Period; after entering Chu, he was able to use reforms to He made the Chu country strong again in a short period of time, and his political talent was no less than his military talent. Later generations of Confucian scholars often criticized him because of his personal moral character, and regarded his ending as someone who could not reform. Basis. These Confucian scholars are certainly of high moral character (only in theory), but when the country is in trouble, what can they do except shameful surrender and meaningless suicide?

Sun Bin (about 380 BC ~ 320 BC)

An outstanding military strategist in the middle period of the Warring States Period. He was a descendant of Sun Wu. He once studied the military arts of Sun Wu and Jin generals Xun Xi and Sun Zhen. He was a general of King Hui of Wei, so he deceived him into coming to Wei and was punished by having his kneecaps removed, so he was called Sun Bin. He was secretly brought back by an envoy from Qi and was recommended to King Wei of Qi by Tian Ji as a military advisor in 353 BC. In 341 BC, he besieged Wei and rescued Zhao, and won a great victory in Guiling (now northwest of Changyuan, Henan). In 341 BC, he attacked Wei and rescued Han. He defeated the Wei army in Maling (now southwest of Fan County, Henan) and captured Prince Shen. Pang Juan committed suicide. Therefore, the world will obey you." His works include "Sun Bin's Art of War".

Tian Ji

The year of birth and death is unknown, Tian's name is Ji, the character is Qi, also known as Qisi, and he was granted the title of Xuzhou (south of today's Teng County, Shandong), so he was also called Xuzhou Ziqi. A famous general of the Qi State in the early Warring States Period

Tian Ji served as a Qi general as a member of the Tian Qi clan. He appreciated Sun Bin's military strategy and showed his power to Qi. The king recommended Sun Bin, and King Wei appointed Sun Bin as his military advisor. With Sun Bin's strategy and assistance, Tian Ji commanded two famous battles.

One was the Battle of Guiling. In the fourth year of King Wei of Qi (353 BC), King Hui of Wei besieged Handan of Zhao State, and Zhao asked Qi for help. King Wei of Qi believed that Wei was exhausted after more than a year of hard fighting at Handan City and the time was ripe to send troops, so he appointed Tian Ji as the chief general and Sun Bin as the military adviser, and led an army of 80,000 to rescue Zhao. Tian Ji originally planned to directly attack the main force of Wei, but later adopted Sun Bin's combat policy of "encircling Wei to save Zhao" and "criticizing the weak and attacking the weak". Taking advantage of Wei's lack of domestic defense, he directly attacked the main beam of Wei's capital, forcing the Wei army attacking Zhao to "release Zhao and save themselves." , when the Wei army returned, they intercepted it midway. As a result, the Wei army was defeated in Guiling (now northwest of Changyuan, Henan).

Once again it was the Battle of Maling. In 342 BC (the fifteenth year of King Wei of Qi), Wei general Pang Juan attacked Han, and Han asked Qi to rescue him. King Wei of Qi convened his ministers to discuss whether to rescue them early or to rescue them late. Zou Ji thought it would be better not to rescue him at all. Tian Ji thought he should rescue him early. Sun Bin thought he should wait until both Han and Wei were injured before sending troops. This would make Han completely obey his orders. With Qi, we can be sure of defeating Wei Bing. King Qi adopted Sun Bin's advice and secretly agreed to save Han. South Korea resolutely resisted Wei because it relied on Qi's rescue.

After five battles without victory, Qi asked Qi for help. King Wei of Qi seized the opportunity when both Han and Wei were exhausted, appointed Tian Ji as the chief general and Sun Bin as the military adviser, and led 100,000 troops to rescue Han. The Qi army still used the strategy of "encircling Wei to save Zhao (this time to save Han)" that must be rescued if they attack it, and went straight to the main beam of the Wei capital. Pang Juan heard that Qi had marched into the capital, so he withdrew the siege of Han and returned to his army, hoping to defeat the Qi army in Daliang. King Wei Hui also massively raised troops and dispatched generals. With Prince Shen as his general, he led an army of 100,000 to attack the Qi army in an attempt to engage in a decisive battle with the Qi army. Based on the analysis of the fact that the Wei army was proud and underestimated the enemy, and was eager to fight, Sun Bin would inevitably advance with light troops, and proposed a strategy of reducing the number of troops day by day to lure the Wei army to pursue. Tian Ji ordered the Qi army to retreat from 100,000 Zao, the next day it was reduced to 50,000 Zao, and on the third day it was reduced to 30,000 Zao. Pang Juan pursued for three days and was overjoyed. He thought that the Qi army was cowardly and more than half of the soldiers fled in three days, so he abandoned the infantry and pursued with only light cavalry and sharp soldiers. Sun Bin calculated the Wei army's itinerary and judged that it would enter Maling (southwest of present-day Fan County, Henan Province) at sunset, so he set up an ambush in Maling where the road was narrow and the terrain was dangerous. Pang Juan's pursuers entered the ambush set by the Qi army at the expected moment. At this time, the Qi army fired thousands of arrows, and the Wei army collapsed in chaos. The Qi army launched an all-out attack, defeated the Wei army, and captured Wei Crown Prince Shen. Pang Juan committed suicide in anger.

In this battle, Wei State suffered a serious blow and was unable to recover from it, while Qi State gradually became stronger and stronger.

Due to a disagreement with Qi Prime Minister Zou Ji, Tian Ji fled to Chu State in the second year after the Maling War and was granted a title in the south of the Yangtze River. After King Xuan of Qi came to the throne, he was recalled to the country and reinstated.

Lian Po

The year of birth and death is unknown. He was an outstanding military general of the Zhao State during the Warring States Period. The main activities were during the periods of King Zhao Huiwen (298 BC-266 BC), King Zhao Xiaocheng (266 BC-245 BC), and King Zhao Daoxiang (245 BC-236 BC).

In the early days of King Zhao Huiwen, Qi was the most powerful of the six eastern kingdoms, and Qi and Qin were the strongest states in the east and west respectively. Qin wanted to go eastward to expand its power, and Zhao was at the forefront. In order to remove obstacles, the King of Qin sent troops to attack Zhao many times. Lian Po led the Zhao army to repeatedly defeat the Qin army, forcing Qin to change its strategy and implement a vertical alliance. In the 54th year of King Huiwen (258 BC), he met with Zhao in Zhongyang (today's west of Zhongyang County, Shanxi) to make peace. He united the divisions of Han, Yan, Wei, and Zhao to attack Qi and defeated the Qi army. Among them, Lian Po led the Zhao army to attack Qi in the 16th year of King Huiwen (283 BC). He drove deep into the territory of Qi and captured Yangjin (today's west of Dancheng County, Shandong Province, originally the territory of Weiguo, later under Qi), and Wei Banner The princes, and Zhao Guo also became the first among the six kingdoms. Lian Po's squadron returned to the court and worshiped him as Shangqing (Shangqing was the highest-ranking civil servant at the time, equivalent to the later prime minister). Qin looked at Zhao and refused to attack rashly because it was frightened by Lian Po's power. After that, Lian Po led his army to fight, and he was sure to defend and attack. He was victorious in almost every battle and shocked all countries.

In the 32nd year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (the 16th year of King Zhao Huiwen, 283 BC), he once obtained Heshibi, and Qin was willing to give fifteen cities in exchange for it. Zhao sent Lin Xiangru as an envoy to Qin. , Lin Xiangru was just a "sheren" under the eunuch Miao Xian. After Miao Xian recommended him to King Huiwen, he carried "He's Bi" and served as an envoy from Zhao to Qin. Lin Xiangru used his great wisdom and courage to return to Zhao after defeat, and achieved a diplomatic victory against Qin.

Then Qin attacked Zhao and occupied Shicheng. King Zhao Huiwen attacked Zhao again in the 19th year and killed 20,000 Zhao troops. At this time, the King of Qin wanted to meet with the King of Zhao to make peace with him in Mianchi (today's west of Mianchi County, Henan Province), but the King of Zhao was very afraid and did not want to go. Lian Po and Lin Xiangru discussed that King Zhao should go there to show the strength of Zhao and the courage of King Zhao. King Zhao and Lin Xian went as before, and Lian Po saw each other off. When he said goodbye to King Zhao, he said: "The king's trip will only last for thirty days. If you don't return within thirty days, please make the prince king to cut off Qin's threat to Zhao." "Lian Po's general demeanor and careful arrangements strengthened King Zhao's behavior. At the same time, Xiangru dealt with King Qin without showing any weakness at the Mianchi meeting. He restored his reputation and frightened the King of Qin and his ministers. Finally, King Zhao returned safely.

After the meeting, King Zhao "regarded Xiangru's great merits and worshiped him as Shangqing", and his status was actually higher than that of Lianpo. Lian Po was dissatisfied with Lin Xiangru's appointment as Shangqing. He believed that as a general of Zhao State, he had great achievements in attacking cities and towns and expanding the territory. However, Lin Xiangru, who had a low status, only used words to talk but was higher than me. This was intolerable. He openly threatened to humiliate Lin Xiangru in public.

After Lin Xiangru found out, he did not want to compete with Lian Po, but adopted a tolerant attitude. In order to prevent Lian Po from being ranked behind him when he went to court, he always claimed to be sick every time he went to court. Sometimes, Lin Xiangru went out in a car and saw Lian Po coming from a distance, so he simply drove away to avoid it. This aroused the dissatisfaction of Lin Xiangru and others. Lin Xiangru explained: "Compared with Lian Po between strong Qin and the wolf-like Qin King Xiangru, he dared to scold and humiliate his ministers in court. Will I still be afraid of Lian Po? Strong Qin. The reason why I dare not send troops to Zhao is because Lian Po and I are both officials in the court. If we fight, it will be like two tigers hurting each other. There is no reason for me to avoid him. The national crisis should be put above personal grievances." After hearing this, Lian Po was deeply moved. He chose a day when Lin Xiangru's house had the most guests, and came to Lin Xiangru's house naked, carrying a thorn stick, and asked Lin Xiangru to punish him. From then on, the two became a life-and-death acquaintance.

The story of "Generals and Prime Ministers Harmony" has been expressed in various literary and artistic forms by later generations. Its strong patriotic sentiments can make people cry and inspire people. And Lian Po's courage to change his ways and his sincere and straightforward character make people feel more amiable and lovable.

In the 20th year of King Zhao Huiwen (278 BC), Lian Po attacked Qi eastward and defeated its army. In the 20th year of King Zhao Huiwen (276 BC), he attacked Qi again and captured nine cities. The following year, Lian Po attacked Wei and fell into Fangling (20 miles south of today's Anyang, Henan Province) and Anyang City (43 miles southwest of today's Anyang County, Henan Province). It was precisely because of the harmony between Lian and Lin that Zhao was united and dedicated to serving the country. Zhao was once strong and prosperous and became a barrier for the eastern princes to block Qin's eastward advance. Qin did not dare to attack Zhao for the next 10 years.

In 266 BC, King Zhao Huiwen died and King Xiaocheng was established. At this time, the State of Qin adopted the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near" by the Marquis Fan Sui. While making good friends with Qi and Chu, it attacked neighboring small countries. In the fifty-fifth year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (260 BC), the Qin State attacked the Han Dynasty. The Korean defenders of Shangdang were isolated and helpless, so the prefect Feng Ting dedicated Shangdang to Zhao. As a result, a war broke out between Qin and Zhao over the Shangdang area. At this time, the famous general Zhao She was dead, Lin Xiangru was seriously ill, and Lian Po was the only one in charge of military affairs. Therefore, King Zhao Xiaocheng ordered Lian Po to command 200,000 Zhao troops to stop the Qin army in Changping (now northwest of Gaoping County, Shanxi) (see the Battle of Changping). At that time, the Qin army had captured Yewang (now Qinyang, Henan) in the south and Shangdang (now central Shanxi) in the north, cutting off the connection between the north and south of Changping, and its morale was strong. However, the Zhao army had traveled a long distance and was not only at a disadvantage in terms of military strength. , the situation is also in a passive and disadvantageous position. Faced with this situation, Lian Po correctly adopted the operational policy of building fortifications, exhausting the enemy, and attacking the enemy at the right moment. He ordered Zhao Jun to build tight barriers by taking advantage of the dangerous mountains. Although the Qin army challenged him several times, Lian Po always restrained his troops and refused to leave. At the same time, he gathered the people in the Shangdang area and engaged in battlefield transportation while building fortifications to resist the Qin Dynasty. The Zhao army was heavily fortified, and the Qin army was unable to fight. There was nothing they could do, and their vigor was gradually losing. Lian Po used his troops cautiously and held the fort for three years, aiming to thwart the Qin army's plan for a quick victory. Seeing that a quick victory was not possible, Qin asked for advice, convincing King Zhao that what Qin was most worried and afraid of was replacing Lian Po with Zhao Kuo. King Zhao was eager to win, but finally fell into a counter-intentional plot. He thought that Lian Po was too timid to fight, so he forcibly dismissed Lian Po from his post and appointed Zhao Kuo as his general. Although Lin Xiangru strongly remonstrated and pointed out that Zhao Kuo, who only knew military skills on paper, was not suitable for this important task, the King of Zhao refused to listen and appointed Zhao Kuo as a general. After Zhao Kuo replaced Lian Po's position, he completely changed the strategic deployment formulated by Lian Po and replaced many officers. When the State of Qin saw that Zhao Kuo was being used as a general, it secretly asked Bai Qi, Lord Wu'an, to lead troops to attack Zhao. Defeated Zhao Kuo's army in Changping, shot Zhao Kuo to death, and trapped more than 400,000 Zhao soldiers. In the Battle of Zhao Changping, Zhao lost 450,000 people.

After the Battle of Changping, the Qin State took advantage of the situation to besiege Handan, the capital of Zhao (see the Battle of Handan), which lasted for more than a year. Fortunately, Wei Gongzi Xinlingjun stole the military talisman to rescue him and was not destroyed, but the national power was already Big reduction.

Yan thought that Zhao was seriously injured in Changping, and took the prime minister Li Fu as a general. In view of the situation in Zhao that "all the strong men were in Changping, and the only ones who were not strong yet", in the fifty-sixth year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin ( In 251 BC), he raised his troops to attack Zhao. Zhao made Lian Po a general and commanded the famous Battle of Hadai.

He divided the entire army into two groups. One group was led by Le Cheng and went straight to Daidi to fight against the Yan army in the west. He personally led the other group to fight against the main force of the Yan army in Haocheng (now in the north of Baixiang County, Hebei Province). Lian Po commanded the Zhao army, which shared the same hatred of the enemy to defend the homeland, and adopted a strategy of concentrating its forces to attack the enemy from the front. He won the first battle, defeated the enemy's front, and defeated the Yan army's arrogance. Then, he led the Zhao army to defeat the main force of the Yan army and killed Li Fu. The leader of the Yan army was beheaded and they retreated in panic. Lian Po seized the opportunity of the Yan army's retreat and ordered the Zhao army to pursue the victory and drive 500 miles to besiege the Yan capital Ji (today's Beijing) in 250 BC. Seeing that Yan State was in danger, King Yan had no choice but to agree to Zhao State's request for ceding five cities and sue for peace. Lian Po won the title of Prime Minister because of his meritorious service. Lian Po served as prime minister for about six or seven years. He repelled invading enemy forces many times and waited for opportunities to attack. In 245 BC, he led troops to capture Longyang in the Wei region (today's northwest of Neihuang County, Henan Province), indicating that Zhao's national strength had been restored.

Lian Po was dismissed from Changping and returned home. When he lost power, all his original followers left. When he was re-appointed as a general, all the disciples gathered around him again. Lian Po was very moved and asked them to leave. The retainer told him: This is nothing strange. Now we make friends by buying and selling in the market. If you have power, we will follow you. If you have no power, we will leave. This is common sense in trading. What's there to complain about?

In the second year of Qin Shihuang (245 BC), King Zhao Xiaocheng died, and his son King Zhao Daoxiang succeeded to the throne. King Xiang listened to the slander of the traitor Guo Kai, dismissed Lian Po from his military post, and sent Le Cheng to replace Lian Po. Lian Po was angry because he was excluded and attacked Lecheng, but Lecheng escaped. Lian Po then left Zhao and went to Daliang of Wei (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). Lian Po went to Daliang to live for a long time. Although the King of Wei took him in, he did not trust or use him seriously. Because the State of Zhao was besieged by the Qin army many times, the King of Zhao wanted to appoint Lian Po again, and Lian Po also wanted to be appointed by the State of Zhao again. King Zhao sent an envoy, the eunuch Tang Jiu, to Daliang with a pair of expensive armor and four fast horses to express condolences to Lian Po and see if Lian Po was still available. Lian Po's enemy Guo Kai was afraid that Lian Po would gain power again, so he secretly gave Tang Jiu a lot of money and asked him to speak ill of Lian Po. After the Zhao envoy met Lian Po, Lian Po ate a bushel of rice and ten kilograms of meat in front of him. He also put on his armor and mounted his horse to show that he was still useful. But the envoy came back and reported to King Zhao: "Although General Lian Po is old, he still has a good appetite, but when he sat with me, he pooped three times in a short time." King Zhao thought that Lian Po was old, so he did not appoint him. , Lian Po no longer had the opportunity to serve his country.

The State of Chu heard that Lian Po was in the State of Wei, and secretly sent people to welcome him into Chu. After Lian Po became the general of Chu, he did not make any achievements. He said: "I want to use Zhao people" ("Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru"), showing his attachment to the folks in the motherland. However, Zhao State failed to re-activate him after all, which caused this famous general who had made great contributions to Zhao State to become depressed and eventually died in Shouchun of Chu State (today's Shouxian County, Anhui Province). More than ten years later, the State of Zhao was destroyed by the State of Qin (see the battle between Qin and Zhao).

Lian Po’s mausoleum is located on the southwest slope of Fangniu Mountain in Bagong Mountain, 7 kilometers north of Shouxian County, Anhui Province today. The tomb faces the west, has a circumference of 300 meters, faces the Huaihe River in the west, and is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the north, south and east. The heroic spirit of a generation leads the mountains and rivers to victory, and the heroic demeanor stirs up the ages.

Zhao She

The year of birth and death is unknown. He was a native of Zhao, the same clan as the Zhao royal family, and was a noble at that time. A famous general of Zhao State in the late Warring States Period. He mainly lived during the period from King Wuling of Zhao (324 BC to 299 BC) to King Xiaocheng of Zhao (265 BC to 245 BC). He died at the age of about 60 years.

Zhao She’s early activities are unknown. According to "Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce", he said to Zhao Sheng: "Excessive taste is worth the crime of living in Yan, and Yan regards luxury as the upper valley." North) guard, Yanzhi Tonggu Fortress, learn from it." According to this, he may have participated in the reform of King Wuling's Hufu cavalry and shooting, and after the "Sand Dune Rebellion" in the fourth year of King Huiwen (295 BC), Zhao Cheng and Li Dui were in power and persecuted the ministers of King Wuling. At the time when King Zhaoxian of Yanyang was Zhaoxian, Zhao She fled to Yan and gained trust and was appointed as Nashou. In the twelfth year of King Zhao Huiwen (287 BC), Li Dui lost power, and those who were persecuted by him returned to the country one after another. Zhao She may have returned to the country of Zhao at this time.

During the reign of King Zhao Huiwen, Zhao She first served as a land official (a small official who collected land taxes) in the State of Zhao. He collected rent taxes and enforced the law selflessly. Because the Pingyuan family refused to rent, Zhao She dealt with it according to law and killed Pingyuan. There are nine people in charge of the Jun family. Pingyuan Jun was angry and wanted to kill Zhao She. Zhao She said: "You are your noble son to Zhao. If you indulge your family and do not serve the public, then the law will be weakened. If the law is weakened, the country will be weak. If the country is weak, the princes will increase their troops. If the princes add troops, there is no Zhao." , How can you be so rich? With your noble status, you should follow the law of justice. If the top and bottom are equal, the country will be strong, and if the country is strong, the country will be strong. And if you are a noble relative, how can you be less responsible for the evil in the world? "("Historical Records·Integrity" "The Biography of Po Lin Xiangru") means: "You are a noble son of the State of Zhao. If you allow your family not to follow official duties, then the national law will be weakened; if the national law is weakened, the country will be weak; if the country is weak, other countries will invade with troops; If other countries invade and invade, the Zhao State will not exist, so how can you maintain the wealth you are now? If a noble person like you can obey the law, then the whole country will be fair and reasonable; if the top and bottom are fair and reasonable, the country will be strong; the country will be strong. If Zhao She is strong and powerful, the rule of the State of Zhao will be consolidated. As a relative of the king, will you be despised by the people of the world?" After hearing this, Lord Pingyuan thought that Zhao She was a very capable person and recommended him to King Zhao. In the forty-fourth year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (271 BC), Zhao She was recommended by Lord Pingyuan and appointed as the general manager of taxation across the country. After Zhao She managed the country's taxation, the country's taxation became fair and reasonable, the people became rich, and the national treasury was enriched. Later, he was appointed as a general. He managed the army carefully, was strict and kind to his subordinates, and distributed all rewards to his subordinates.

In the 19th year of King Huiwen (280 BC), Zhao She was appointed as a general and entered the military ranks. He led troops to capture Qi Yin's Maiqiu (now northwest of Shanghe County, Shandong Province). King Zhao was overjoyed to win the city and offered more wine to express his congratulations. This was the beginning of his early military career.

In the 46th year of King Nan of Zhou (the 30th year of King Zhao Huiwen, 270 BC), the Qin army sent heavy troops to besiege Yanyu (now Heshun County, Shanxi). King Zhao Huiwen urgently summoned the famous general Lian Po for discussion, and asked Yan and "Can they be saved?" Lian Po replied: "The road is long, dangerous and narrow, and it is difficult to save." ("Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") He also summoned Le Cheng and asked Le Cheng, Le Cheng Cheng's answer is the same as Lianpo's. King Zhao summoned Zhao She again for discussion. Zhao She believed: "The road is long, dangerous and narrow, just like two rats fighting in a hole, the brave one will win." ("Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") Zhao She's opinion coincided with that of King Zhao. Therefore, the King of Zhao appointed Zhao She as a general and led the army to relieve the siege of Yan and the enemy (see the battle between the enemy and the enemy).

At that time, while the Qin army was besieging Yanyu, it had already made preparations to prevent the Zhao army from sending troops to rescue. They sent an army to the east and penetrated Wu'an (southwest of today's Wu'an County, Hebei Province) to form a horn to contain the Zhao army's actions. Zhao She detected the Qin army's deployment and ordered the camp to be set up only 30 miles away from Handan. He ordered the army to strengthen the camp and built many barriers around the camp, deliberately showing no aggressive attitude. He also ordered the troops to say: "Anyone who gives military advice will die." ("Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") One of the soldiers suggested to rescue Wu'an quickly, and Zhao She immediately killed him. In this way, 28 days passed, and the camp was built again. The Qin army sent spies into the Zhao army's camp to conduct reconnaissance. Zhao She entertained him with a good meal and let him go. The spies reported the situation of the Zhao army to the generals of the Qin army. The Qin general was very happy. The Qin general thought: Zhao Jun "went 30 miles away from the country and the army couldn't do it, so he built more bases and lost the land that was not Zhao." ("Historical Records·Lian") "Biography of Po Lin Xiangru") Then he relaxed his vigilance.

After sending away the Qin army spies, Zhao She suddenly made a decision, gathered his troops, rolled up his armor, and headed westward. It took only two days and one night to reach a place 50 miles away from Yanyu. The Qin army who was abandoned in Wu'an heard that Zhao She had arrived at Yanyu. They woke up from a dream and hurriedly mobilized their troops and rushed to Yanyu. Since Zhao Jun was far away from the rear and advancing alone, the situation was still very dangerous. At this time, a sergeant named Xu Li in the Zhao army came to see Zhao She and said: "The people of Qin did not expect that Zhao Shi is here. He is coming with great strength, so the general must gather his troops to prepare for him. Otherwise, Zhao will be defeated." She said: "Please accept the order." Xu Li said: "Please punish Zhi Zhi." Zhao She said: "The Empress Xu ordered Handan." Xu Li asked for advice again and said: "Whoever takes control of Beishan first will win, and whoever comes later will lose.

"("Historical Records·Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")

Zhao She adopted Xu Li's idea and immediately sent out ten thousand troops to seize the commanding heights of Beishan. Sure enough, the Qin army arrived later and fought for Beishan but could not get up and were crowded. At the foot of the mountain, the Zhao army fell into a very passive position. The Zhao army took advantage of the favorable terrain and attacked the Qin army. The Qin army was defeated and the siege was lifted. After suffering the biggest setback, he still dared not act rashly for fear that Chong Lulan would make the same mistake. After Banshi returned to the court, King Zhao Huiwen named Zhao She the Lord of Ma Fu, with the same status as Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, and was listed as the sixth emperor of the East by future generations. One of the eight generals of the country, he also named Xu Li a national captain.

Zhao She pays attention to the situation in battle, anticipates the enemy's movements, and adheres to the principle of adapting to the enemy and using troops flexibly. It can be seen from Shan's conversation.

Qi general Tian Dan set up a fire ox formation (see the Battle of Jimo). After reviving Qi, Tian Dan became the prime minister of Zhao the next year. She said: It's not that I don't admire the general's military skills, "so if you don't obey, the general will use the masses alone." In the past, "the emperor's army could only use 30,000 soldiers, but the world would obey." Today, the general must bear (lead) one hundred thousand or two hundred thousand troops to use them, and this Dan is not satisfied." Zhao She opposed Tian Dan's view. He believed that Tian Dan did not know how to use troops. He asked Tian Dan in detail He elaborated on the relationship between the changes in the times, the way of fighting, and the scale of war. He said: "In ancient times, the four seas were divided into ten thousand nations. Although the city is large, it cannot exceed three hundred feet, and although the fires are numerous, it cannot exceed three thousand houses. ’ However, now it is ‘thousands of nations in ancient times were divided into seven in the Warring States period’, ‘a city of thousands of feet, with ten thousand families facing each other’. The current situation has changed a lot, and the form and scale of war must also change accordingly. For example, "Qi attacked Jing with 200,000 people and stopped in five years." Zhao attacked Zhongshan with 200,000 troops and returned after five years. Today, the Qi State and South Korea are equally powerful. If we attack them, can they be effective with only 30,000 people? "Using 30,000 people to surround a city of thousands of feet" is not enough to siege a corner of the city. It is used for field battles and is not enough to carry out a siege. You What will we do?" Zhao She's words made Tian Dan sigh and express his sincerity.

As a good general, Zhao She has a noble character. He does not follow personal feelings and "accepts his duties." "On that day, I didn't care about family affairs." His son Zhao Kuo learned the art of war, talked about military affairs, and was smart and knowledgeable. He thought that "no one in the world can do it." But he only memorized books and had no practice. Zhao She said that "it is not good." ", he worriedly said to his wife: 'The soldiers are dead, and encirclement is easy to say. It's just to prevent Zhao from encircling; if it must be encircled, those who are captured by Zhao will be captured." This kind of understanding and worry is not ordinary people's. What he could possess, and his worries turned out to be true, the Zhao army led by Zhao Kuo was completely wiped out by Qin general Bai Qi in the Battle of Changping.

Zhao She had a deep relationship with the soldiers. As his wife said: "The people who eat and drink are dozens, and the friends are hundreds. All the rewards from the king and the clan belong to the military officials and officials." Therefore, all soldiers are willing to serve him. In the battle, he enforced the law like a mountain, had clear rewards and punishments, and used troops like a god. Therefore, he led an invincible force. Cao Cao once said: "The suffering generals Zhao She and Dou Ying received a lot of money and dispersed it in one day, so they were able to achieve great success and be famous forever. When I read his article, I can't help but admire him as a person." It can be seen that he profound influence on future generations.

After Zhao She died, the King of Zhao was buried in Xishan near Handan in memory of his achievements for the State of Zhao. People at the time called him "Mafu Lord". His descendants took Ma as their surname, and Ma Yuan, the famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fubo, followed him. '