Huai Nanzi: "Name and Tao are unclear. If a person is famous, then the Tao is not needed; If the Tao gains people, the name will stop. If Tao argues with others, those who seal people will stop. If people close the road and rest, they are in danger. If they were famous in the past, that day would come. If they want to be famous, they will get better. If you want to be a good person, you will cause trouble. When you have troubles, you can let the public go, let the private go, and do whatever you want. If you want to look at your reputation well, you don't need to fix it, but you don't need it. If you don't fix the cause, you have greater responsibility. When things don't need to be done, there is no job. If you can't stop it, please do it, and you will succeed. Success will not be more responsible. Failure is not enough to save us. Therefore, good is more important than evil, but lies in Tao. "
Confucius' famous saying
1, wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent.
2. Old people and old people, young people and young people.
3, born in sorrow, died in happiness.
4. Get more help and less help.
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand.
Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid?
Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The teacher of the boy, the reader who teaches and studies the sentences of the book, is not the person I call telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.
Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. " Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Li is seventeen years old, and he is good at classical Chinese, but there are some works in "All-knowing Six Arts", so he studies from time to time. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
5, the day will drop to a great post, and people must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, and starve their flesh and blood.
Pre-Qin philosophers also had eight moral theories.
? si=3
2. The moral quality and education of the elderly affect their descendants. 1 How do you say it in ancient or classical Chinese?
Example: "Mencius? Zhang Wan I: "Three years later, I studied in Yi Yin and returned to Bo. 」
2. The wind is blowing
Example: Song Dynasty's Qingbo Magazine, Volume 11: "Those who are eager to learn and do good deeds should be more diligent, and the rest should be based on the wind. 」
Jiaojiaoyao
Example: "Mencius? Hui Liang Wang Shang: "I am willing to teach in sequence and apply it to the sense of filial piety. " 」
Jiaohu
For example, Poem Xiaoya's Noodles Man: "Eat what you drink and teach it. 」
5. Yu Yu
Example: Tang Hanyu's Five Records of Shunzong: "Think about the spring breeze, be kind to others, and educate the masses. 」
There are also many words that express education and self-cultivation, such as: teaching morality, teaching management, teaching morality, teaching culture, teaching education, teaching governance, self-cultivation, trouble, teaching metaphor and so on.
3. Learning in classical Chinese, or friendship and morality will do. We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place. (Farewell the viceroy to his post in Shu) II. Oh, my friend's prince, you left again, and I heard them sigh behind you.
(Li Bai: "Send a friend" 3. The grass turns green again in spring, but what about you, my friend Prince? ? (Bai Juyi: Farewell to Ancient Grass) 4. Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow. Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their relatives when they go out to the sun.
(Wang Wei: "Send Yuan Twenty Shi An Xi") 5. Cold rain at night Wu, Fujian in Chushan. (Wang Changling: Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Inn) 6. Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and everyone knows a gentleman.
(Gao Shi: "Not Big") 7. Thousands of feet in Taohuatan is not as good as Wang Lun's. (Li Bai: To Wang Lun) 8. Lonely sails are far away from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky.
(Li Bai: Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou) 9. We watched him go east through the wheel tower door, leaving only hoofprint behind him. (Cen Can: Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home in a Song of Snow) 10. Outside Changting, beside the ancient road, the grass is blue.
The evening breeze blows the flute, and the sunset is beyond the mountain. Horizon, a corner of the sea, intimate friends are half scattered.
A ladle of turbid wine makes me happy. Say goodbye to Meng Han tonight. (Li Shutong: Farewell) Friendship is a kind of quiet and peaceful love, which is guided by reason and cultivated by habit. It comes from long-term understanding and recognition of * * * *, without jealousy and fear.
-Homer-Mai Friendship is always a sweet and soft responsibility, never an opportunity. Ji Bolun's true friendship is like wildfire. In the darkest moment around you, it is the brightest.
True friendship is a slow-growing plant. Washington Goodwill brings happiness, and civilization brings harmony.
-Hugo A close friend is different from one heart. -Aristotle The best thing in the world is to have a few solemn friends with integrity in mind and heart.
-Einstein and the person you laughed with, you may forget him; But you will never forget the people you cried with. -Ji Bolun People who have no friends or enemies are ordinary people.
-Rafat treats everyone equally, confides in a few people, and will not lose anything to anyone. -Shakespeare In all kinds of loneliness, people are most afraid of spiritual loneliness.
-Balzac may perish alone, but two people together may be saved. -Balzac's best kindness to friends is often not money or all material support, but those kind attitudes, cheerful conversations, sympathy and pure praise.
Franklin, American statesman and scientist: Friendship is a soothing agent for our sadness, a soothing agent for our stress, a refuge for our disasters, a hesitant negotiator, a refreshing agent for our brains, an outlet for our thoughts, and an exercise and improvement for our meditation. -Jeremy Tyler, American statesman Friendship, a noble and beautiful friendship based on mutual respect and deep sympathy, never maliciously envies the achievements of others, and cultivates the consciousness that collective interests are above all else.
Ostrovsky, a writer of the former Soviet Union, will be lonely if he doesn't pay attention to making new friends in his life. Sir, one should constantly enrich his friendship with others.
-Seth Johnson, British writer. Sincere and rational friendship is priceless in life. Whether you can be faithful to your friend and always be a person worthy of him is the best test of your soul, personality, psychology and even morality.
-Marx, German thinker and philosopher, the longest friendship can give people joy. What's more, there is such a wise saying: "Only those who have experienced many hardships together can their friendship be called unbreakable."
Cicero, an ancient Roman orator and politician's best friend, is the kind of person who doesn't like to talk much, but can be silently opposite and closely connected with you. -Gorky Your enemies and friends can join hands to break your heart.
The enemy slanders you, and friends quickly pass it on to you. -Mark Twain True friendship can not only tolerate the advice given by friends, but also make yourself accept it.
Cicero friendship is the wine of life. -Young's "It takes only a little effort to make friends in the prosperous times"; It is more difficult to find friendship in trouble than to ascend to heaven.
In addition to the concept of selflessness, mutual respect seems to be another key point of friendship. Mo Luoa If my friend was blind, I would look at him from the side.
-Joubert Many people who look like friends are not friends, but many people who are friends don't look like friends. -Democritus is not too far from the moon; The longest distance we have to walk is still between us.
-Charles de Gaulle Friendship is a school for cultivating people's feelings. -Suhomlinski If friendship can adjust people's feelings, then another function of friendship is to enhance people's wisdom.
-Bacon For a wise man, advice is superfluous; Advice is not enough for a fool. Moliere's friendship is as pure as the morning fog. Flattery can't get friendship, but friendship can only be consolidated by loyalty.
-Marx The way we make friends should be to give others benefits, not to take them. This friendship is the most reliable.
Thucydides Even the most sacred friendship may contain secrets, but you shouldn't misunderstand a friend because you can't guess his secrets. -Beethoven's so-called friendship is a transaction between equal people without interests.
-Coles The beneficiary must always keep that kindness in mind, but the benefactor must never keep it in mind. Cicero Friendship is a means of virtue, and it is a virtue in itself, a virtue of * * *.
-Feuerbach, we should not defile our friendship at any cost in order to keep it. If friendship must be sacrificed for the greater love, there is no way; But if we can keep it up, then we can really achieve a perfect state.
Tagore If friendship is destroyed, even love cannot be redeemed. -"Five Books" Friends have sincere feelings, and the enemy will have no chance.
Sadie Smart people should try their best to build friendship, not to form hatred. -"Five Books" Friendship is always a sweet and soft responsibility, never an opportunity.
-Ji Bolun, between people, only sincere treatment, is.
4. Seek a moral theory in classical Chinese. Conscience within 80 words is determined by people's knowledge and all lifestyles.
-Marx Smile is a language with multiple meanings. -Spitler All educated people have a commandment: Don't lose your temper.
Emerson's good temper is the best dress a person wears in social activities. Dude, no matter how angry you are, don't do irreparable things.
-Bacon We must completely maintain the Party's discipline now, otherwise everything will get bogged down. -Marx When you are angry, keep your mouth shut so as not to increase your anger.
Socrates: Don't easily promise others what you are not qualified to do. Once you have promised others, you must keep your promise. Washington, D.C. If we want to make friends, we must first do something for others-things that require time, energy, consideration and dedication.
It is easier for Carnegie to forgive an enemy than a friend. -Mrs. Deere's disrespect for people is first of all disrespect for herself.
-Whitman A man's real greatness lies in his awareness of his own smallness. -Paul Patience is the most important achievement in study.
-Sadan is a pure-hearted person, and his life is full of sweetness and joy. -lev tolstoy As long as you look at everything lightly, there is nothing to worry about; As long as you don't exaggerate the situation because of anger, there is nothing to be angry about.
-Turgenev habit will soon become a necessity in your life if it is not curbed. -Augustine People like habits because they create them themselves.
The beneficiary of Bernard Shaw must always keep that kindness in mind, but the benefactor must not. Cicero is used to it, and each of us is more or less its slave.
-Gao Ting gets angry easily, which is the most obvious weakness in personality. -but don't treat everyone with distrust, but be cautious and firm.
-Democritus Remember, always give more to others happily and take less from others. Gorky should help his friends when they are in trouble, and don't gossip after things are hopeless.
Aesop is open-minded: don't worry about unpleasant little things and be pessimistic. -Franklin For an immature teenager, the role of a bad companion is much greater than that of a good teacher.
-ethos should dominate their habits, but never let them dominate others. A person who can't get rid of his bad habits is worthless. -ostrovsky A people's country should also have a driving hub, which is virtue.
Montesquieu cannot live like an animal, but should pursue knowledge and virtue. -Dante Shyness is a feeling of fear or humiliation, which can prevent people from doing some despicable acts.
Spinoza should be keen on acting according to morality, not talking about morality. -democritus Without great character, there would be no great people, or even great artists and actors.
-romain rolland Reason is higher than mind, and thoughts are more reliable than feelings. -Gorky The reason why people with virtue have virtue is that they are not tempted enough; This is either because their life is monotonous and rigid, or because they are absorbed in running towards a goal and have no time to look around.
-Duncan Human beings have been given a job, that is, spiritual growth. -lev tolstoy people should be wise, morally innocent and physically clean.
Chekhov's conscience is determined by man's knowledge and all his life styles. -Marx Law-abiding and conscientious people will not steal even if they are in urgent need, but even if you give a thief a million gold coins, you can't expect him to never steal again.
-krylov's spiritual and moral strength has played its potential and raised its banner, so our patriotism and sense of justice have to play their role in reality. -Hegel teaches your children "virtue": it is virtue that makes people happy, not money.
This is my experience. What supports me in the predicament is morality, and what keeps me from committing suicide is morality outside art.
-Beethoven If morality is corrupted, taste will inevitably degenerate. -Diderot I want to prove that any kind and noble person can bear troubles because of kindness.
-Beethoven's decoration is also incompatible with virtue, because virtue is the strength and vitality of the soul. -Rousseau I am convinced that only moral citizens can pay acceptable respects to their motherland.
-Rousseau Let's regard shame as the heaviest part of punishment! Montesquieu's correct judgment of facts is the real foundation of all virtues. -Comenius Virtue is achieved through actions rather than words.
The only work and all work of Comenius education can be summarized by this concept-morality. Herbart virtue is like a famous fragrance, which becomes stronger after burning or squeezing. Luck can best show evil virtue, and misfortune can best show virtue.
-Bacon Those who conspire against others will suffer misfortune first. Aesop, our powerful morality is to achieve material success through struggle; This morality is applicable to both countries and individuals.
-Bertrand Russell, who usually tightens his belt, is easy to tide over the difficulties when he is poor; People who are extravagant in abundance will die of hunger and cold in poverty. -CCID luxury will always follow * * *, and * * * will always follow luxury.
The inevitable result of Montesquieu's extravagance and waste-the disintegration of weathering-in turn caused the corruption of interests. The purpose and function of Rousseau's etiquette is to soften the original stubbornness, soften a person's temperament, and make him respect others and get along with others.
-John Locke Politeness is the golden key of mankind. -Juan Antoniode's aggressive remarks are not necessarily justified.
Sadie Whether you are a man or a woman, you deserve your name only if you are gentle and generous. A person's real courage and determination is by no means equal to stopping others from talking with his fist.
-Sadie's anger is very strong, and it is easy to cause anger and trouble. It is a bad habit to turn your mind to unfair things. This is an impulsive and irrational behavior. Peter.
5. The meaning and usage of "de" in ancient Chinese. The original meaning of the word "virtue" is "morality" or "conduct". From "morality", it can be extended to "kindness". When nouns become verbs, they mean "gratitude" and "kindness". Specific meaning: verb (sound), from (eat). Ascend to heaven. -Shuowen is the virtue of a gentleman. -Ippy is a dangerous man. Press to talk to Piru. Ascend and then ascend. A gentleman takes Shunde as his word. [2] Gratitude is a virtue. -Zuo Zhuan's Three Years of Success [3] is "gain". People's morality does not work hard. Morality, conduct and virtue are the names of Mozi's frugality. -Virtue in "An Analysis of Hailei", both inside and outside, is called virtue in the heart, and it is done. -Why is virtue king in Li Zhou Di Guan? -"Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang" contains liu de: combine rigidity with softness. -"Book Hongfan". Note: "Virtue is supreme, virtue is sensitive and virtue is filial." I don't know what I can do, but I want to believe in justice above the whole world. -The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is neither virtuous nor expensive, and I am incompetent. "Morality and reputation; Virtue (virtue measurement); Virtue is everywhere (noble character, all over the world); Virtue is shallow (modest words) Low moral character and little reputation); Demen (a family that can abide by ethics); Moral reputation (moral reputation); Dexin (moral fragrance); Virtue and art (virtue and talent); Moral conduct (moral conduct) [5] kindness; Kindness does not dare to be virtuous. -The Warring States Policy and Qin Ce. Note: "Yes. "I hope Bo has the courage to be virtuous. ── Historical Records of Xiang Yu is another example: Tex (Kindness; Enze); Dehui (Deze Grace) [6] Kindness; Good deeds, such as: goodwill; Virtue (good political measures or achievements); Virtue and law (Confucianism refers to the etiquette that conforms to benevolence); A kind heart. For example, the standards and norms of life and behavior shared by people with one heart and one mind [8] and blessed [9], character and quality: beauty ~. Quality ~. Character ~. Tao. ~ sex. ~ education (ideological and political education according to certain social requirements.
6. An ancient book about moral etiquette.
Confucius said, "The Tao (1) is based on politics, while the Qi (2) is based on punishment, while the people (3) avoid *** (4), the Tao is based on virtue, the Qi is based on courtesy, and the shame is qualified (5)" ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")
To annotate ...
(1) Tao: There are two explanations: one is "guidance"; The second is "governance." The former is more suitable.
(2) Uniformity: neatness and restraint.
(3) Exemption: avoidance and evasion.
(4) Shame: the heart of shame.
(5) Case: There are two explanations: one is "ambition"; The second is "positive".
translate
Confucius said: "The people take the prohibition of law as the guide and the criminal law as the system. People just seek to avoid being punished for crimes, but they have lost their sense of shame. "
Heart; Guiding people with moral education and unifying their words and deeds with etiquette will not only make people feel ashamed, but also abide by the rules. "
Comment and analysis
In this chapter, Confucius cited two completely different principles of governing the country. Confucius believes that punishment can only make people avoid committing crimes, but not make people understand that crimes can be committed.
Shame, and moral education is much better than punishment, which can make people obey the rules and make people feel ashamed. This embodies morality.
There are characteristics different from the legal system in governing the country. However, it should also be pointed out that Confucius' thought of "ruling by virtue" should attach importance to morality, but it has been ignored.
The role of criminal management and legal system in governing the country has been paid attention to.
7. Who knows that writing morality in classical Chinese must be about morality? Ji zi's famous saying is 1, wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and powerful people can't be bent.
2. Old people and old people, young people and young people. 3, born in sorrow, died in happiness.
4. Get more help and less help. & gt full text and translation ancient scholars must have teachers.
Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand.
Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools.
What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The teacher of the boy, the reader who teaches and studies the sentences of the book, is not the person I call telling his story and solving his confusion.
I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other.
The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. "
Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing! Saint impermanence teacher.
Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius.
Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Li is seventeen years old, and he is good at classical Chinese, but there are some works in "All-knowing Six Arts", so he studies from time to time. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher is a person who relies on him to impart truth, teach knowledge and solve difficult problems.
People are not born to understand reason, who can have no doubts? Doubt, if you don't learn from the teacher, those who become difficult problems will never be able to answer. Born before me, he understood the truth earlier than me, so I (should) follow him and regard him as a teacher; Born behind me, (if) he understands the truth before me, I will (should) follow him and regard him as a teacher.
I am learning from him. Who cares if he was born earlier or later than me? Therefore, regardless of (status) and (age), the (place) where truth exists is the (place) where the teacher is. Alas, it's not a long time to learn from teachers about this (ancient) fashion, and it's hard for people not to doubt it! Ancient saints, far beyond the average person, also (want to) consult teachers; Now ordinary people are far below saints, but they are ashamed to learn from teachers.
Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more ignorant. The reason why a saint can become a saint and a fool becomes a fool is probably here! Love his children and choose a teacher to teach him.
It is shameful for him to follow the teacher. (Really) confused! Those children's teachers are (teachers) who teach children words and (help them) learn to break sentences, not (teachers) who (can) teach those (big) truths and solve those (big) problems. If you don't understand the words, you can't solve the difficult problem. Some (in books) learn from teachers, and some (actually) don't learn from teachers. I don't see the kind of person who (understands) things, but (on the contrary) gives up (doesn't learn) in small ways! Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other.
Scholars (people) call themselves "teachers" and "disciples" and so on. Many people get together and laugh at others. Ask them (why are you laughing) and they will say, "That (person) and that (person) are about the same age and have similar moral knowledge. It is shameful to treat a person with a low status as a teacher, and it is almost flattering to treat a person with a high official position as a teacher! " Alas! Obviously (from these words), the good habit of following the teacher (learning) can't be recovered.
Witch doctors, musicians, craftsmen, gentlemen think (yes) nothing, but now their knowledge is not as good as (them), how strange! Sages have no fixed teachers. Confucius studied under Tan Zixue, Changhong, Shi Xianghe and Lao Dan. These people, Tan Zi, are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "When three people walk together, one of them can be my teacher."
Therefore, students are not necessarily (forever) inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily (in all aspects) more talented than students. The only difference between teachers and students is that they listen to the truth early and listen to the truth late. They have (each) expertise in learning and skills, and that's all. The Li family's child (called Pan) is seventeen years old and likes ancient Chinese. He generally studied the Six Classics and was not restricted by customs (the literati at that time were ashamed to learn from me).
I praised him for taking the right path of the ancients (learning from the teacher), so I wrote a teacher's comment for him. 5, the day will drop to a great post, and people must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, and starve their flesh and blood.