Year: Song Author:
How dare Wei Yan compare with Huaiyin?
A meteor can only slow down and fall, and a tree can eventually become Deng Lin.
Reading history
Year: Song Author: Lu Wengui
Wei Yan and Yang Yi are both handsome.
Everyone is jealous, but who is right?
Kong Ming cherishes his talents and has never neglected them.
Weinan turned back and the teacher was thousands of miles away.
Around the courtiers, Wei was harmed by Yang.
Yang is not allowed to die, so Jiang Weibei will use it later.
Shu actually died and gave up Wargo.
Ai's father admired his achievements and received the bell.
Four people are * * *, all in order to avoid failure.
Home country is just a warning.
2. What are the poems about Huang Zhong and Huang Hansheng?
1. Luo Guanzhong: General Spirit and Tianshen, white hair is still trapped in Hannan. I am willing to die without complaining, and I am ashamed to bow my head. The treasure knife is full of snow and courage, and the iron horse rides the breeze to remember the battle. The fame of the ages should be preserved, and the long moon shines in Xiangtan.
2. Yang: The general is strong and strong, breaking peaks and climbing difficulties, making meritorious deeds, and being in harmony with people at the right time.
3. Zhuge Liang: The reputation of loyalty and righteousness has nothing to do with Guan and Ma Zhilun, and now it is in the same column. The horse and Zhang are close at hand, and seeing is believing, which is still a metaphor; Guan Yao was afraid that he would not be happy.
4. Chen Shou: Zhong Changchu entered the trap and bravely crowned the three armies.
5. Luo Guanzhong: The veteran said that Huang Zhong made great contributions to Sichuan. Heavy wear gold chain mail, arms iron tire bow. Courage shook Hebei, a famous town in Sichuan. When you are dying, your head is like snow, and you are a hero.
1. Personal information:
Huang zhong (? -220), born in Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan Province), whose name is Hanshu [1]. A famous soldier in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was a corps commander under Liu Biao, and later returned to Liu Bei to help him attack Zhang. In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Huang Zhong beheaded Cao Cao's famous Xia and was promoted to General Zheng. After Liu Bei changed the seal, he called the king of Hanzhong a general and gave him the title of Hou Guan. The following year, Huang Zhong died of illness. It took Jing Yao three years (260 years) to wait for him. As a brave veteran, Huang Zhong appeared in various literary and artistic works of later generations. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei said that the Queen of Hanzhong made him one of the generals of the Five Tigers, and Huang Zhong's name gradually became a synonym for vigorous and powerful in China.
2. Artistic image:
In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huang Zhong appeared in the fifty-third time, and Liu Bei won a great victory in Battle of Red Cliffs, taking the opportunity to seize four counties in the south of the Yangtze River. When Huang Zhong was guarding Changsha County, Guan Yu led 500 school swordsmen to attack and fight with Huang Zhong. Guan Yu defeated Huang Zhong with a drag knife, but he couldn't bear to kill him. The next day, Huang Zhongji lured Guan Yu to repay Guan Yu for not killing him. He only used a bow and arrow to shoot Guan Yu, but Han Xuan, the satrap, suspected that Huang Zhong had second thoughts and wanted to behead him, but Wei Yan robbed him and Han Xuan was killed. Huang Zhong surrendered with Wei Yan.
3. Xiehouyu:
1. Huang Zhongshe shoots Guan Yu-Go easy on me.
2. Huang Zhong makes friends-the old man is not old.
3. Huang Zhong's archery-hitting every shot.
4. Huang Zhong's absence-refusing to accept his old age
5. Huang Zhong wields a sledgehammer-strong in old age.
As for Wei Yan's omission, he is very wronged. Wei Yan is one of the most controversial figures in the history of the Three Kingdoms.
Some people say that he was the most important general in the last years of Shu Han, and the difference between him and other generals lies in his lofty. In the Northern Expeditions, Zhuge Liang, who was cautious all his life, said, "I want to invite 10 thousand soldiers to Tongguan with me, just like the story of Han Xin." . /kloc-in the autumn of 0/2 (AD 234), Zhuge Liang was falsely accused of rebelling against Shu after his death in Wuzhangyuan, and was pursued by Yang Yi's Ma Dai. Later generations were deeply saddened by him.
For example, Mr. Mao Heting said in the Diary of Reading the Three Kingdoms in Jiuzhai: "Wei Yan's opposition is also unjust. He is too conceited, sighing and hating his talents, which are inexhaustible. So Zhuge said after his death,' Although the Prime Minister is dead, I have seen him.
Officials (those with a long history below) can be buried. I should lead all the troops to fight thieves, why not kill the world alone! And who is Wei Yan? Wait for Yang Yi and his men to restrain themselves, and then make a decision! . Gai wants to send Qi Tian to protect the Prime Minister's funeral and leave Weinan to fight Sima.
His talent was not as good as Zhuge's, and he revived the heart of the Han Dynasty, just like Zhuge. But Yang Yisu and Yan are not equal. If he doesn't want to go down, he leads the camp to pay back the money, and then he gets angry. He will go back to the south first and burn the plank road so that Yi can't come back.
This is to show the anger of the dynasty and forget the great events in your country. At the end of Yanchuan Biography, Chen Shou said,' The original meaning of extension was not to send Wei from the north to the south, but to kill the instrument and so on.
On weekdays, generals are different, and when it comes to time, they must be replaced by light ones. That's what it means. It's not convenient to sell.
It's worth it There are few talents in Shu, and their fame is extended. The Great Wall is self-destructive, and meat is better than food! "He also said that" Wei Yan's mind turned against his bones, and it will turn against him after a long time ",and he betrayed his master for glory many times, which was not allowed by Zhuge Prime Minister who" tried his best to die before he died "and was removed after the design.
This statement is common in the widely circulated Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is, after all, a novelist's statement. Most people think that it is only seven points of historical facts and three points of fiction, which cannot be trusted. Besides, Wei Yan in the history book "The History of the Three Kingdoms" can't see the intention of rebelling against Shu Han, just like "The History of the Three Kingdoms"? Shu Shu? "Biography of Wei Yan" said: "The original extension did not want to surrender Wei to the north and return it to the south, but to kill Yi.
On weekdays, generals are different, and when it comes to time, they must be replaced by light ones. This means that it is not convenient to betray. "
Knowing people and discussing the world can get it. Wei Yan is wrong, but there is no contradiction. After thousands of years, his words were generous and futile.
And the examination of historical records shows that he is loyal and awe-inspiring, has the courage to jump over others, and has no trace of rebellion against Shu. However, "no one is perfect without gold", Wei Yan's unruly character and arrogant and rude temper led him to be falsely accused of rebellion at a critical moment and eventually killed.
Shu Yang said in Zan: "Although he is a common man, he is in danger of death. He broke and protected the country, but he forgot his words in chaos, and he regretted it at the end of his illness. " Therefore, we say that Wei Yan has an extreme temper, but he is absolutely loyal to the Shu-Han regime politically and has no trace of rebellion against Shu.
The only problem is his "disharmony" in character, which led to his physical death and extinction. Let's discuss Wei Yan's so-called "anti-Shu".
2. Entering Han shows that Wei Yan is a loyal Shu general, one of the most admired and valued generals of Liu Bei, and one of the first heroes who entered Yizhou with Liu Beixi and made great efforts to establish Bashu. Reflection? Shu Shu? "Biography of Wei Yan" said: "Wei Yan is long, and Yiyang people are also.
In a trilogy, he went to Shu with his predecessor, fought and stood repeatedly, and moved the yamen general. "It can be seen that in the battle of Liu Beixi taking Yizhou, Wei Yan repeatedly built meritorious deeds, started from the grassroots level of the army, climbed step by step, and finally gained the trust of the former master and gave him the important task of guarding Hanzhong.
Reflection? Shu Shu? "Biography of Wei Yan" said: "My predecessor was Wang Hanzhong and moved to Chengdu. When he is most important, he will take Hanchuan town. Many people think that he must be flying with his heart in Zhang Fei. My ancestors and Bo Yan were generals in charge of Hanzhong Zhenyuan, and they led Hanzhong to be the prefect, which surprised the whole army. "
At that time, Hanzhong was the forefront of Shu. If Hanzhong was captured, it could not only compete for Guanlong in the north, but also cover Bashu in the south. As Yang Hong said to Zhuge Liangyun, "Hanzhong has a good throat and a chance to live. Without Hanzhong, there would be no Shu State, and this family would be in trouble. "
("Reflection? Shu Shu? Yang Hongchuan "). Huang Quan, the general of Shu, also said, "If Hanzhong is lost, the three buses will be weak, which will also be the arm of cutting Shu."
("Reflection? Shu Shu? Biography of Huang Quan "). Gu Zuyu, a Qing Dynasty man, said, "Hanzhong County looks at Guanzhong in the north, Bashu in the south, Xiang Deng in the east and Qin Long in the west. The situation is the most serious. "
(Gu Zuyu: Reading the Summary of Historical Records, Volume 56). If Cao Wei occupied Hanzhong, it would seriously threaten Bashu.
At that time, all the generals of Shu Han were there, including Guan Yunchang, Zhang Yide, Ma Mengqi, Huang Hansheng and Zhao Zilong. However, the late Lord entrusted Wei Yan with the important task of protecting Yizhou's security, which showed that he knew people well and had absolute trust in Wei Yan.
Therefore, on the occasion of the Minister of the General Assembly, I would like to ask: "What is your wish to live in this important task?" Wei Yan was so angry that he said to heaven, "If Cao Cao comes from all corners of the country, please refuse for the king and send hundreds of thousands of people instead. Please swallow it for the king. " "The ancestors said yes, and the public said strong words."
It can be seen that he is loyal and righteous, and he dares to skip people. However, Wei Yan was not blamed. During fifteen years of guarding Hanzhong, Cao Wei crossed Hanzhong from the end.
It was not until the late Shu and Han dynasties that Jiang Weicai adjusted his military deployment and adopted the technique of luring the enemy into depth. In the end, Zhong Hui, the general of Wei State, went straight ahead, leading to the direct destruction of Shu Han, which was deeply regretted by later generations. For example, Guo said in Shu Bamboo Slips: "The gate of Shu is in Hanzhong. Jiang retired to Hanshou and withdrew from Hanzhong, but simply pulled it out first in order to take a chance.
Different clocks will keep going forward, and no one has ever kept it, but the enemy has always been happy with his success. At the beginning, Wargo didn't need Jiangyou. Shu was exhausted and the wise couldn't see it.
Alas, Jiang died in Shu. "From this point of view, in the later period of the demise of Shu, if the Prime Minister Zhuge ordered Wei Yan to" have both offensive and defensive skills "and enter the Central Plains in the north, Wei could not cross the line, and the Shu-Han regime would not perish in the short term, but history cannot be assumed.
On the other hand, Jiang Boyue, the successor of Zhuge's legacy, is "loyal to current affairs, thoughtful and skilled in military affairs" and "sensitive to military affairs, with both courage and deep understanding of military principles." But in the end, it was embarrassing because of its lack of knowledge.
4. Wei's loyalty to Wei Yan can be known from the sun and the moon. It is clearly recorded in the "History of the Three Kingdoms": "Those who returned to the south without delaying Wei wanted to kill Yi.
On weekdays, generals are different, and when it comes to time, they must be replaced by light ones. This means so.
It is not convenient to betray. "But in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Yan wrote that he was born behind his back and was born rebellious.
As a dentist personally promoted by Liu Bei, Wei Yan quickly proved his talent. Unfortunately, Wei Yan spent a short time under Liu Bei and a long time under Zhuge Liang.
When Zhuge Liang first came out of Qishan, Wei Yan once offered a "fantastic plan for the meridian valley": "Let Zhuge Liang divide his troops into 10,000 to take Chang 'an and Tongguan in Yongzhou, Zhuge Liang will attack Yongzhou from Qishan, and then all the people will meet at Tongguan. "It can be said that this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Even if it can't be unified in one fell swoop, it is expected that Yongzhou will be merged into Shu.
At that time, General Anxi Xia Houmao, who was stationed at the border of Wei, was the son-in-law of Cao Cao. He "has no martial arts" and "has more concubines". Because of his relationship with Wei Wendi Cao Pi, he got the position of the important town of Holland. Seeing this opportunity, Wei Yan boldly suggested to Zhuge Liang: "Give me 10,000 people, bring their own food and grass, March along the east of Qinling Mountain, and reach Chang 'an in ten days.
Timid Xia Houmao saw my Shu soldiers falling from the sky, and he was bound to flee in haste. If xelloss wants to lead an army to make a personal expedition, it will take at least 20 days, and the Prime Minister can arrive early.
In this way, the west of Xianyang can be decided in one fell swoop. "Today's public opinion is: Wei Yan's plan is risky, but it is very likely to succeed, because his judgment on the situation of the enemy and the enemy at that time and the special local terrain is very accurate.
Considering that Shu was later destroyed by Wei because the generals of Wei adopted a strategy similar to "adventure", Zhuge Liang's rejection of Wei Yan's proposal can only make us deeply sorry. The performing arts of the Three Kingdoms are different from Zhuge's ideas in The History of the Three Kingdoms.
Fight back against Yang Yi.
Please write me an article about Wei Yan. The level of senior high school students should not be too advanced. Please cherish Wei Yan.
I have read The Romance of Three Kingdoms many times. Compared with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Lu Bu, the handsome Ma Chao, Huang Zhong, and Dian Wei, I prefer an alternative among the Three Kingdoms. He is a general of Shu, Wei Yan and Wei Wenchang, and is despised by ordinary people.
Anyone who has a rough understanding of The Romance of The Three Kingdoms knows Wei Yan, but his understanding is nothing more than that there is an anti-bone behind his head, which was finally killed by Zhuge Liang and Ma Dai. We seldom explore Wei Yan's life track from his life, and it is difficult to really locate what kind of person he is.
Before discussing, we must first understand that we are discussing this issue on the basis of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which has little to do with history. I have nothing to do every day and have a good chat.
In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Yan made his first appearance when Liu Bei led the soldiers and civilians through the city he was guarding. He opened the city to meet him, but his plan ran aground because of Liu Bei's indecision and Wen Pin's obstruction. As Wei Yan's debut, this play gives people a refreshing feeling. First of all, he is a man with a good eye for English. At that time, Liu Bei lost his mind and was displaced. Many people didn't realize Liu Bei's ability and future at all, but Wei Yan held his ground and decided Liu Bei at a glance. It can be said that this person has a unique vision. Secondly, he is a combative person. This is the character above the first rule, that is, he will do what he decides. When he saw the "real person" he had been longing for standing in front of him, he took decisive action: to meet him in Kaesong. You must know that his official position is not too defensive, and this courage is not in place and I don't know its difficulties. Third, we can know that he has a good way to lead troops. Why? As a general in this city, he is not very defensive. At that time, many soldiers accompanied him when he opened the city to meet the enemy. As you can imagine, his attraction exists. We can imagine that if Lu Bu had done this at that time, it would be hard for him to have such a result, because all of us must remember the scene when Lu Bu killed his first michel platini Ding Yuan without anyone.
This is only Wei Yan's first appearance, which left us such a deep impression. However, perhaps most of us didn't pay much attention to him because he was publicized by later generations, so we can be forgiven for not paying attention to such details. However, it is hard to see the following plots, because these plots are very important and have influenced Wei Yan's life.
Wei Yan arrived in Changsha after fleeing, and when Guan Yu "fought Changsha", he took the stage again. He also played a very important role in this. Huang Zhong made a decisive decision when he was repeatedly criticized by the satrap. As a result, Huang Zhong was riding a tiger and had to surrender. As the No.1 hero in Changsha Campaign, he was beheaded for "unwarranted" and "turning his head against the bone". I don't know who will be comfortable with such treatment. If Zhang Fei killed the general long ago, but Wei Yan did it, we saw a word from him-forbearance.
As a general of Shu, it is conceivable that Wei Yan could hardly live without the word "forbearance". Every day Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong calculated him, and every day five tiger generals suppressed him. His living space is not small. You know, Zhuge Liang's meeting ceremony is no joke. An ordinary "anti-bone boy" may be a thorn in Wei Yan's heart.
Let's talk about Wei Yan's contribution. After he surrendered from Changsha, he experienced surprisingly aggressive war, southwest savage war and Qishan Six Wars, which was not significant. However, why didn't he make the list when selecting the five tigers and generals? Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, not to mention us, are superior in martial arts and are Liu Bei's younger brother, Zhao Yun and so on, all of which are worth discussing. Zhao Yunren said that he always beat the generals, but he served as Liu Bei's guardian for a long time and rarely participated in serious wars. Ma Chao was very arrogant to the enemy in the early stage, but he was finished soon after coming to Shu. I believe that Liu Bei who sells regret medicine will buy a lot. As for Lao Huang Zhong, he was tough, but he killed two birds with one stone by attacking Wu Dong, and he died at the hands of a nobody, Ma Liang (not a stroke of genius). Dingjun Mountain kills summer mainly by the role of the law. So I think it's unfair that Wei Yan didn't make it into the Five Tigers.
Let's discuss the most controversial event again, that is, the debate between Wei Yan and Zhuge Liang about whether the meridian valley at the exit of Qishan No.6 can send troops. The historical facts are as follows: Zhuge Liang believes that sending troops from Xiegu and capturing Chang 'an should be based on stability; Wei Yan advocated raiding Luoyang from the Meridian Valley. Finally, Zhuge Liang denied Wei Yan's statement. As a result, six people failed to leave Qishan. The result was "but before he could conquer, he was dead, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats".
Zhuge Liang died of illness and Wei Yan decided to rebel. It's a pity that he didn't really know people and died at the hands of Ma Dai. People here often marvel at Zhuge Liang's ingenious design, but I sigh for Wei Yan's failure.
In fact, Wei Yan's tragic life is mainly caused by one person, that is, everyone's deity Zhuge Liang. The relationship between Zhuge Liang and Wei Yan is vivid. From the first meeting, Zhuge Liang positioned Wei Yan as "a brain with anti-bones", which can be said to be a duel against Wei Yan. But what he didn't expect was that Wei Yan would outlive him, and he actually became the main general of Shu in the later period, which made Zhuge Liang adopt the strategy of "using and defending simultaneously" for Wei Yan. Fortunately, Zhuge Liang got Jiang Wei later, otherwise I really don't know who the official of Shu will be after Zhuge Liang's death.
Finally, we can only conclude with Zhou Gongjin's last sentence: "The light is long." .
6. Wei Yan's four-character idiom is willful
Pinyin: g ā ng b ì z ì y ì ng
Explanation: 乜: willfulness; Stubborn: tenacious and stubborn; Personal use: self-righteous. Stubborn and confident, regardless of other people's opinions.
Source: "Twelve Years of Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan": "Its auxiliary, the first valley, stubborn, refused to use his life." "Zhong Zhongshu Letters": "If you ask, you will be rich, but if you use it for your own use, you will be small."
For example, he remembered what Li Yuting said about Sun Fu's stubborn attitude. He decided not to elope with Sun Fu. ★ Mao Dun's Midnight X
Pinyin code: gbzy
Synonym: Go your own way.
Antonym: open-minded, good advice.
Two-part allegorical saying: Give the wooden comb to others.
Lantern riddle: the most self-righteous person
Usage: as predicate and attribute; Very stubborn and confident
English: Stiff your neck.
Story: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin and Chu fought for the Song State, and the Chu army defeated the Song State and surrendered. The Jin army did not listen to the commander Xun's orders and took the lead in attacking the Chu army. Wu Shen, a doctor of Chu, told Chu Zhuangwang that the Jin army would be headstrong and disunited, so it could destroy the Jin army and send troops. As a result, Chu won a great victory.
7. The original description of Wei Yan's behavior in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Forty-first time, Liu Xuande and his men crossed the river, and Zhao Zilong rode the savior alone.
Excerpt from the original:
Congwen Liu heard that Liu Bei was coming, but he was afraid to come out. Cai Mao and Zhang Yun came to the watchtower and shouted at the sergeant to shoot an arrow. People outside the city are crying on the watchtower. Suddenly, a general in the city led hundreds of people to the tower and shouted, "Cai Mao and Zhang Yun are traitors! Liu Shijun is a kind man. Now he has come to save the people. Why did he refuse? " People regard him as a person, eight feet long, with a face like a jujube; He is also from Yiyang, surnamed Wei, famous and long. At present, Wei Yan hacked the gatekeeper to death, opened the gate, put down the drawbridge and shouted, "Liu Huangshu, lead the troops into the city quickly and kill the traitor!"
The 53rd Reading of Huang Hansheng, Sun Zhongmou and Zhang Wenyuan in Guan Yunchang
Excerpt from the original:
He ordered the thugs to knock down the gate and cut it off. The generals wanted to sue and declared, "But suing Huang Zhong is sympathy!" Just as he pushed the door, he was about to raise the knife. Suddenly, he rushed in with a knife, hacked the knife hand to death, rescued Huang Zhong, and shouted, "Huang Hansheng is the patron saint of Changsha. If we kill Han Sheng now, we will kill the people of Changsha! Han Xuan insult, light virtuous slow, in public * * * "willing to come with me! "Many people regard him as a person with a heavy face and eyes fixed on Matthew's star, which is Wei Yan of Yiyang. Xiangyang since can't catch Liu Xuande, to vote for Han Xuan; Xuan blamed him for his arrogance and rudeness, refused to reuse it, so he gave in. On the same day, Huang Zhong was rescued, and people were taught to kill Han Xuan together. With a cry, hundreds of people followed him. Huang zhong can't stop it. Wei killed Chengtou, chopped Han Xuan in half with one knife, mounted his horse with his head held high, and led the people out of the city to worship Yunchang.
The seventy-second time Zhuge Liang outwitted Cao Aman in Hanzhong and retreated to Gu Jie.
Excerpt from the original:
Suddenly a tiger army rushed to the front and shouted, "Wei Yan is coming!" " "Bow and arrow, shoot cao cao. Fuck, I rolled over and fell. Give up bows and arrows and daggers and suddenly come to the hillside to kill Cao Cao. A general emerged from the thorns and shouted, "don't hurt my Lord!" "As it is now, it is pounds. Germany struggled forward, defeated Wei Yan and ensured Cao Cao's progress. Ma Chao has retired. Cao Cao returned to the village wounded: Two front teeth of those who were shot by Wei Yan were broken, so he urgently asked the doctor for treatment.
8. Zhuge Liang did not listen to Wei Yan and tapped Chang 'an from the Meridian Valley. It's a pity, otherwise history will change. The purpose of Zhuge Liang's attack on Cao Wei was to seize Chang 'an first and then Luoyang, so as to achieve the political goal of "reviving the Han Dynasty and returning to the old capital". He didn't take Wei Yan's advice, but went out to Qishan in the west and went to Qin Long. Starting from the weakness of Cao Wei, it was a safe plan to move slowly and steadily. Chen Shou thinks that Zhuge Liang in the History of the Three Kingdoms is "resourceful, not his strong point", which I can't agree with.
As far as the overall situation of Wei Qiang and Shu Wei is concerned, if Jingzhou is not lost, Zhuge Liang's two-way invasion plan in Longzhong can still be followed, and Wei Yan's battle plan of attacking Chang 'an from the meridian valley is desirable. After Jingzhou fell, the plan of sending troops in two ways was destroyed; Coupled with the battle of Yiling, Shu Han was greatly weakened, and only a few hundred thousand people left Qinchuan all the way, which was difficult to control. Chang 'an is a strategic place in the western part of Cao Wei, with strong city walls. It is located in the Guanzhong Plain in the Weishui River Basin, with convenient transportation and convenient cavalry exchanges. Even if the Shu army takes advantage of Wei Jun's low vigilance and takes it by surprise, Wei Jun will definitely try its best to fight for it, and the Shu army needs at least tens of thousands of people to defend it. Putting most or even all the troops of the Shu army into one city, it is difficult for the Shu army to supply and the reserve force is weak; Wei Jun, on the other hand, has a convenient supply and a strong reserve force, and is at loggerheads. The Shu army went deep alone and was wiped out. If the attack is unsuccessful, the Shu army will seize the city with a small number of troops, and Cao Wei can reinforce the army east of Tongguan to the west, and the Shu army will lose ground and may be in danger of being split in two.
Second, judging from the battlefield resources and materials at that time, although the Guanzhong area is known as fertile land, since Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Li Jue, Guo Si, Category and Zhang Ji have harassed and plundered it, and wars have continued, and the fields have been deserted and the people have been displaced. Although Cao Cao later sent Zhong You Town to caress Guanzhong and Weikai Town to caress Liangzhou, he implemented the policy of wooing refugees and persuading the valley to plow. However, Cao Cao used his troops to capture Gansu, crush Marten, pacify Zhang Lu, pursue Ma Chao, and frequently recruit soldiers and horses, which made Guanzhong uneasy, abandoned business and fled, leaving the land barren and exhausted its assets. If the army of the Shu army rashly enters, it will be difficult to replenish food on the spot. Because the grain is dominated by the enemy, it will be very unfavorable to transport grain and grass from the distant Hanzhong to supply military food. Longyou area is rich in products and densely populated. In Qishan, there are thousands of people, and the army enters to get food on the spot, which can be used for some rations. At the same time, the area west of Qishan produces more horses, which is even more necessary for war. This should be another reason why Zhuge Liang left Qishan to seize Longyou.
Third, judging from the offensive and defensive actions, Wang Chuanshan thinks that Zhuge Liang is looking at the overall situation and judging the situation that the enemy is strong and we are weak. "Knowing that Wei can't die overnight, then the Lord can't recover." When he set out for the Northern Expedition and attacked on a large scale, he thought he would prick up his ears. "Zhuge Liang's coming out of Qishan was not his intention, but because of the change of the situation." The main enemy is strong, so he changed his plan to protect Shu. "Five northern expeditions, called attack, are actually defensive. The Qinling Mountains are the gateway to Western Shu, and Longyou Plateau occupies a strategic position overlooking Guanzhong. With Longyou as a foreign vassal, Wudu and Yin Ping in his arms, Shu Han can consolidate their survival, but we must wait for the opportunity to advance. Zhuge Liang's cautious use of troops is actually because Shu Han's national strength is weak, so he must be careful not to put all his eggs in one basket, with only 100 thousand troops.
Zhuge Liang attacked Cao Wei, repeatedly sent troops out of Qishan and captured Longyou. In fact, it was for the sake of geographical location, convenient logistics supply, the use of rich resources in Longyou, and the protection of Shu.