On March 26th, the 5th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1577), Ma Xiang and Dahua (Modern) Second Division Yi A Min Kelian Donganba rebelled and occupied Dahua and Guyang. Governor Luo Yao sent more than 7,000 troops and more than 600 soldiers. Liu Tianqing, the deputy garrison, urged repression. In the repression of the officers and men of the Ming Dynasty, the rebels of the former Gugang County were hung on the crossbar, with rams and drums below. Ram's hind feet struggled to hit the drum surface, and the sound of drums resounded through the sky, with thousands of troops. The Ming army released all the arrows, and the rebels in the city fought and the Ming army was defeated. Because the ram made great contributions to defeating the Ming army, the ancient cylinder was renamed as a sheep. In March (1727), the fifth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, a sheep branch was established, which belonged to Guang Shun (at that time, Guang Shun was in charge of 18 branches in Shili). In the twelfth lunar month (1728) of the sixth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, Governor E Ertai of Yunnan and Guizhou reported: "There are 145 villages such as Miaobai, Meng Ke, Changzhai and Guiyang in Guizhou, which were originally territorial and gave food." With the evolution of history, it is also called "ancient ocean" and "ancient sheep". After textual research, the site of Gugang County is a residential building in Dazhai Village, Guyang Village, Guyang Town.
After the Revolution of 1911, "ancient sheep" was changed to "drum", which meant that the drum field was melodious and peaceful. This change is not imaginary, but well founded: the bronze drum is one of the favorite musical instruments of Buyi people. Drum-shaped bronze drums have a long history and formed a bronze drum culture with national characteristics. The four great families of Ban, Bai, Liang and Wang all have bronze drums. It is a symbol of wealth and social status, endowed with the mythical color of the morning exam, and has become the idol of Buyi totem worship. In the Song Dynasty, bronze drums were used to worship gods and exorcise evil spirits. The legend that bronze drums defeated Jiaolong in the water did great harm to human beings and has been passed down to this day. At midnight on New Year's Eve, after a pious ceremony, the elders rang three gold rings and drummed three links to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. The deep and majestic sound of the bronze drum resounds through the sky with simple and elegant tunes, one after another, and the sound can spread all over 10 km. It is the wish of Buyi people to pray for a good year, and it is also the wish of Buyi people to pray for disaster relief. In ancient times, it was called "the water brick of Changzhai, the tofu of Weiyuan, the burning paper of Lushan, and the beating of drums and bronze drums". It is said that the first county magistrate of Changzhai County changed the ancient sheep into drums. After taking office, George W. Cheng Jun visited various places to observe people's feelings. When he arrived in Guyang, he heard and witnessed the simple and elegant bronze drum culture and was deeply inspired, so he changed "ancient sheep" to "Guyang". So far, this change has a history of 80 years. As for the origin of "June 6th", according to A Brief History of Buyi Nationality, the ancestors of Buyi Nationality have lived and multiplied in the north and south Panjiang and Hongshui River basins since ancient times, and they are one of the indigenous nationalities in Guizhou. It originated from a branch of "Falling Moon". The "falling moon" has made great contributions to the creation of rice composition civilization. As a descendant of Luo Yue, Buyi people inherited and developed the essence of rice culture created by our ancestors, and therefore became famous as a rice-growing nation. Buyi ancestors engaged in farming personified natural objects and phenomena that directly affected the growth of crops, such as mountains, rivers, clouds, rain, sun, thunder and lightning, wind, seeds, forests, land, temperature, diseases and pests, and thus produced rice cultivation cultures such as worshipping heaven, land and grain, and agricultural sacrifices appeared. This kind of sacrificial activity is held after the crops are sown, and the main purpose is to pray for good weather and good harvest in agriculture. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, on the eve of June 6th, Buyi people in Guyang held an agricultural sacrifice activity with village education as the unit, which was called "beating Puritanism". Its form is under the leadership of a magician in cassock, holding dozens of colorful flags made of paper, carrying a male dog with limbs tied on his back with a horizontal bar, walking from village to village, circling around the dam, chanting spells while circling, and inserting a banner (made of white paper) stained with sacrificial blood in a corner of the field to pray for God's blessing and good weather.
There are many bizarre and touching stories about this kind of agricultural sacrificial activities, such as the narration in "The Immortal King and Grandfather": In ancient times, there was a woman named Rain Emperor, who was very slim and graceful, but she was aloof and aloof, drifting around all day. On a hot summer day, she enjoyed the cool at Shanyakou. Suddenly, a cold wind went straight to her lower body, and she felt a pleasure she had never felt before. When she got home, she was pregnant. Pregnant in October, the rain emperor gave birth to a mass of meat. Emperor Yu got pregnant before marriage, gave birth to a meat mound, and was ashamed to meet people. In a rage, he threw the meat mound on the side of the road. Strangely, after being abandoned, the meat mound not only didn't die, but gradually became a human being, and even made a baby cry. The news reached the ears of Emperor Yu, who took the baby home out of natural maternal love and named it Wan Tuan and raised it. Time flies, the sun flies, and the head of the delegation has become a handsome and tall young man. Rain Emperor married him a beautiful Su Ming. The young couple were beautiful and loving, and soon gave birth to a son named Ben Ge. Brother Ben is very smart and growing up. One day, Ben's brother went to fetch water from the well. A very beautiful carp swam around the well, sometimes floating and sometimes sinking, as if to tease my brother, who was fascinated by it. After returning home, my brother missed carp day and night, even to the point of losing his mind. One night, my brother was sitting glumly by the fire when he heard someone knocking at the door. When he opened the door, he saw that he was a beautiful girl. The girl asked her brother affectionately, "What did you see in the water when you went to fetch water?" My brother replied, "I saw a very beautiful carp." I like that beautiful carp very much and I have never forgotten it. The girl smiled: "I am the carp you never forget." "This elder brother pleasantly surprised to invite the girl into the house. It was love at first sight that my brother and Fish Girl dared to get married. Shortly after marriage, the fruit of love was born, and the fish girl gave birth to a chubby baby named Wang Xian. The fairy tale king was as clever as his father when he was a child. One day, he went swimming in the river and accidentally caught one. He took it home and prepared to cook it. His mother stopped him: "This fish can't be eaten. It is your uncle. Put it back in the river. "XianWang greedy, don't listen to mother's advice, quietly cooked the fish. Mother scolded the fairy king angrily, and then quietly ran back to find the sea dragon king. My brother lost his beloved wife and was in pain, but he married a concubine. A year later, my concubine gave birth to a son named Wang Zu. After the death of the immortal king and the ancestor king, he helped his parents do some farm work within his power. One day, the mother sent the fairy king and the ancestor king to the mountain to cut wood and prepare lunch for them. Wang Xian and Wang Zu each took rice bags and carried firewood knives up the mountain to cut firewood. At noon, the two brothers had a rest and ate. When they opened the rice bag, they found that the vegetables and rice were actually different: yours contained coarse grains and vegetables, while Zu's rice bag contained rice and chicken. Wang Xianfa's stepmother is eccentric, but in front of his younger brother, he didn't look dissatisfied. He ate lunch casually and went home with firewood. Unexpectedly, when Wang Zu came home, he told Wang Xian how to speak ill of his mother. The angry stepmother gave the fairy king a good beating. At this time, my brother is old and weak, and he is ill in bed. He can't protect the fairy king. One day, my brother wanted to drink fresh Longtan water and asked two children to bring some. Wang Xian's stepmother took the opportunity to conspire with Wang Zu and killed Wang Xian: when the two brothers went to the mouth of the cave, Wang Zu said that my brother was older than me and should go ahead. The fairy king doesn't know it's a trick, and he won't be wary. He walked down the cave without hesitation. Who knows that just down the fourth stone staircase, his cruel brother Wang Zu kicked the fairy king off the Longtan, fearing that the fairy king would not die, and smashed several big stones. My brother lost his eldest son, and grief and illness were like adding fuel to the fire, and he died in a few days. Wang Zu and his biological mother designed to kill Wang Xian, which angered Benge and monopolized the family property. The fairy king is a fairy body. He didn't drown after being kicked off Longtan. He went to the Dragon King to tell his stepmother's eccentricity and how to design his murder. After hearing what happened to his grandson, the Dragon King told the Jade Emperor the reason and sent him to heaven. After the fairy king arrived in heaven, he often created pests, hail and other lower realms to avenge himself and destroy the crops of the ancestor king. However, after the lower bound of pests and hail, all crops were swept away, and the people suffered greatly. The city gate caught fire, which affected the fish in the pool. Wang Zu's ruthlessness and injustice aroused public anger. So they rose up and attacked: they ordered the ancestor king to return the property that Wang Xian deserved, and asked Wang Xian to go down and protect the people's crops, otherwise they would execute Wang Zu. The public was furious, and under the threat of the people, the ancestor king knelt down and prayed to heaven for the fairy king to come down to earth. Wang Zu knelt for three days and nights. His knees were swollen and his forehead was covered with blood bubbles, but he still couldn't move Wang Xian. So everyone knelt down and prayed uniformly. The fairy king agreed to the people's request. He told people to plant markers on their crops. He ordered pests, hail, etc. No crops in the marked fields are allowed to be damaged. The immortal king promised the people to ask for this day, which is the sixth day of June. Therefore, every June 6th, a sacrificial ceremony will be held.
Guyang area is the settlement of Buyi people, who live together under their surnames. There are rhymes praising Chaiquan Village, 18 villages and 18 families, all of which are Yi families (Buyi people call themselves Yi families, while Han people call themselves Hakkas). It can be seen that the Buyi people are prosperous and have a large population, and the "June 6" festival is naturally very lively. On this day, every household should clean the courtyard, size the bedding, wrap palm seeds, steam cakes, kill chickens to buy meat and sew new clothes. It is as grand as the Chinese New Year, and of course it costs a lot of money. Therefore, there is a saying that "the rotten field is sad in March, and the hero is sad in June". The reason why "June 6" can be passed down from generation to generation is related to the resistance of Buyi youth to the arranged marriage system. The marriage of Buyi people in ancient times was a buying and selling marriage. The man hired cattle, and the woman's parents asked her daughter for a bride price. A pretty girl's identity is as high as 30 scalpers. Young men and women have no freedom of choice. Therefore, it is not uncommon for a woman to go back to her husband's house and be sent away by her mother, and her husband is ashamed to escape. In order to make the two sides familiar with each other and establish feelings, after marriage, the woman needs to continue to live in her family for a period of time, which forms the marriage custom of "temporary residence". In the Ming Dynasty, the marriage of Buyi people coexisted with free choice and matchmaker, but the probability of free choice was not high. It is natural that my aunt's daughter had to marry her uncle's son, commonly known as "Hui" and "Rot" in Buyi language, in order to consolidate the blood relationship and be a matriarchal heritage. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, self-marriage between men and women further developed, and cousins were seriously challenged. Young men and women mainly choose their spouses through "Langshao" (Buyi language, which means making friends with songs). After a period of communication, I got to know each other better, and then my parents found a matchmaker. Generally speaking, most parents obey their sons' wishes, and "June 6th" is the ideal social activity to meet the opposite sex through "wave whistle". Because at this time, the main farm work has basically ended, the pleasant temperature reduces the wearing, and the female figure looks slim, increasing the beauty of the curve, thus generating greater attraction to the opposite sex. This activity of making friends is held on festivals. Generally speaking, on holidays, the family values harmony and parents don't stop it. And this kind of non-blocking has objectively played a role in fueling the situation. It is precisely because "June 6th" is the main stage for young men and women to socialize, so generally speaking, middle-aged and elderly people rarely participate. Its main task is to do a good job in logistics and organize a feast for female friends. So the atmosphere of making friends with songs gradually formed on June 6. Therefore, in some places, "June 6th" is also called Youth Day, Flower-picking Festival and Song Festival, and social activities are carried out through festivals. Talking about a love, finding a bosom friend, and even eventually becoming a spouse, this is the fundamental reason for the enduring "June 6". From the perspective of young men and women, "June 6th" is the expansion of social activities.
Since ancient times, folk songs have played an important role in the lives of Buyi people and have been widely used in social activities. As far as the communication between young men and women and folk songs is concerned, it can be divided into several parts: inquiry, praise and lyric. And it is touching the scene and improvising, not stereotyped and scripted. Folk songs are similar to the seven laws, pay attention to strict rhythm and are divided into chapters. Therefore, good singers are afraid that poets like Li Bai will also give up. Although it is the sixth day of June (the first day of June is celebrated in the Wangyou area of Huishui and the Daihua area of Changshun), it actually started from the fifth day of June. "A scholar dies as a bosom friend, and a woman is a bosom friend." This morning, the young women specially dressed up, put on the most exquisite clothes and the most precious jewelry. It was really brand-new and delicious. Young women must prepare shoes, insoles and other souvenirs, as well as a new basket and a flower umbrella. Baskets are used to hold candy and the like sent by new boyfriends, and flower umbrellas are used when chatting with new boyfriends as "hiding half a face behind a guitar from us". Young men need to prepare enough money or gifts such as bracelets, waist exercises and towels. After the Chinese meal, we boarded the plane one after another, and walked together in groups of three or five. When they arrive at the concert hall, they often go around several times together to find someone. After meeting the right person, it is often the man who sings the inquiry song first. If the woman answers, it means that she has cast a mortise and tenon. If the woman doesn't answer, the man should find another partner as appropriate. If an unreasonable argument or even a bad word hurts people, it is considered the most immoral behavior and despised by everyone. After the lyric singing, both sides have the feeling of meeting each other late. At this point, the man asked the middleman to give the woman a gift. If the woman accepts, the man will slowly move closer to the woman, keep a certain distance and whisper compliments to each other. At this time, the woman shyly covered her head with a flower umbrella, revealing the charming attitude of "However, we called for a thousand times and urged for a thousand times before she came to us and hid half of her face behind the guitar from us". If she leaves, she won't show her true colors, and that man will peep from time to time, which is very romantic. Speaking of affection, the woman gradually moved closer to the man. The two sides sat down tacitly and poured out their love under the cover of a flower umbrella. They fell in love. At this point, the object has been set, and most of them only wait for auspicious days. But some of them just take part in accidental amusement, and many of them go their separate ways after making out. But neither side will blame each other, and both have the right to make friends with the opposite sex, but someone has caused the "peach affair." Buyi people regard sex as sacred, especially young women. They must not have sex until they are unmarried. Even hugs and kisses are absolutely forbidden. Even on the wedding night, you must follow the rules and dare not cross the line. After sunset, the woman came home with a basket. Young brothers and sisters will wait at home and share the fruits of love. If you go home empty-handed, you will be regarded as unproductive and laughed at by your peers. The man showed off to his companions with new cloth shoes and sock pads, just like a general who returned home in triumph.
In Guyang area, before the Republic of China, Buyi people sang folk songs in their own language with unique tunes and national styles. After the Republic of China, with the introduction of Han culture, assimilation phenomenon increased day by day, and Buyi folk songs were even lost. So far, people over 80 years old rarely hum a few words. The "June 6th" duet is not the exclusive right of Buyi people, and Han and Miao nationalities can also participate, but birds of a feather flock together, and people are divided into groups, and the objects they choose are different. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Buyi people rarely intermarried with Han and Miao people, so the target of "Lang Shao" was mainly their own nation. "June 6th" is famous for grasping drums and climbing bridges. Become a stage for grand gatherings and social activities of young men and women of all ethnic groups in the surrounding areas. So, when did "June 6th" catch up with the bridge? According to ancient tablet records, there was no bridge on Guyang River before the 23rd year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 18). The Monument to the Construction of the Ancient Ocean Three-hole Bridge in Qing Dynasty said: "We are waiting here with the ancient Yanghe River, which goes up to Guang Shun, down to Daihua, where thousands of valleys worship sects and rivers converge. It is the only place to go, and it is actually the way up and down. There have been no boats for hundreds of years and no bridges for decades. Don't say that the water in the mountain stream is increasing gradually. Although the source of Kunlun Mountain is abandoned, it will gradually increase from small to large, while the nearshore waves will rise sharply, and those who climb often retreat, and the river will harm people. We have witnessed the destruction of those who ventured into the river, and there are indeed many people. " Therefore, it was initiated by He Ming, Liang Wanchun, Chen Fa, Yang Xiufa and others 12. "Therefore, I made an appointment with my fans to help me with my affairs. In addition to the merits of each donation, I also went to the state to ask Wenwu Daxian to donate more money. Men and women gentlemen are willing to help the bridge, and they are the same people far and near. They spent a lot of money on the prosperity beam, and the guests began to drop in spring. This summer, the bridge project was completed. " In other words, in the 23rd year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 18 18), the three-hole bridge in Guyang was completed, and there was no boat or bridge history at the end of hundreds of years. When the bridge was completed, it coincided with the Buyi festival "June 6th". Today, young men and women of all ethnic groups at the junction of Huishui, Ziyun, Luodian and Changshun are delighted to hear that the bridge has been completed, and be in heaven is flocking to them. Buyi people are famous for their hospitality, and it's a pleasure to have friends from afar? Encourage Buyi people in Chaiquan Village to play the role of landlord and warmly receive friends from afar. There are a sea of people on both sides of the river, handsome men and beautiful women meet in the shadow of ancient trees, and they wander among thousands of weeping willows, but they hear songs and leaves. Love songs are endless fun, even staying up all night, and the rising sun has not yet enjoyed itself. "June 6th" crossed the bridge, so it began, and it has a history of 187 years. As I said before, Buyi people are famous for their enthusiasm, hearty and hospitality. Even today, when everything is almost commercialized, no matter which home you pass, and whether you know your host or not, you are a guest when you enter the house. The host will warmly greet you with the common names of Buyi people for strangers-cousin, cousin, cousin (elder sister) and uncle (uncle). So friends who come from afar to catch the bridge don't have to worry about accommodation. Here, you will have another deep affection for the poem "You are brothers when you become an outlaw, so why should you be close to each other?".
With the development of social economy, the traffic volume is increasing day by day, and the stone arch bridge built in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty is overwhelmed. 1970 a single-hole reinforced concrete bridge was built nearly 100 meters upstream of the stone arch bridge with the funds of the county revolutionary Committee. The bridge is 44 meters long, 7.5 meters wide and 9 meters high, bearing 15 tons. After the completion of the bridge, the fair will be pushed to the peak of history-there are more than 30,000 young men, women and merchants from Huishui, Ziyun, Luodian, Anshun and other surrounding areas, and even every household in Chaiquan Village is encouraged to be full.
After the reform and opening up, the "June 6th" Bridge Rushing is still a social stage for young men and women, and it has also become a golden age for fair trade, promoting national culture and developing national sports. At that time, crowds will surge and businessmen will gather, and the county people's committees and cultural departments will hold cultural and sports activities such as duet, suona, dance, poetry competition, long-distance running, tug-of-war, basketball and swimming. At the invitation of Guyang Town, the host, all the townships in the county and even the surrounding counties and cities teamed up to participate, and county and state TV stations also reported.
With the development of national economy, the booming transportation industry has entered a brand-new era. The bus runs every half hour, and the traffic is very convenient. You can travel to and from Guiyang, Anshun and other cities on the same day. The clothing, food, housing and transportation of Buyi people are not what they used to be. The Buyi people's special grand festival "June 6th" is also entering the new century with a brand-new attitude, and the Buyi people's folk customs are also rejoicing and developing day by day in the prosperous times. In Guyang Town in the south of Changshun, there are nearly 1000 villagers' groups, such as Bojie, Bonian, Tangzhai, Dazhai, Longwai, Xinchang, Bolang, Lanba, Du Ji and Ronggen. They call themselves "tea classes". Buyi people, living in villagers' groups such as Baiwang and Rongjiang in Yingpan Township, call themselves "wine classes". The difference is that "tea class" is to worship ancestors with tea on New Year's Eve, and "wine class" is to worship ancestors with wine. Tea and alcohol both claim that they originated from the same ancestor, and today, they still strictly abide by the laws formulated by their ancestors-no intermarriage. It is a rare phenomenon in folklore that the same nation has the same surname and ancestor, but the customs are so different.