Worrying about the constitution and seeking goodness is enough to smell, but not enough to move the public; It is wise and far away, enough to move the public, not enough to turn the people. If a gentleman wants to turn people into customs, he must learn it!
Jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn or know. He is a citizen of the ancient king, and teaching is the first. "Duiming" said: "Reading begins with learning." That's what it means!
Although there are good dishes, I don't know its purpose; Although there is supreme Tao, learning, I don't know its goodness. Therefore, learning is not enough, and teaching is difficult. If you don't know enough, then you can reverse; Know its difficulties, and then be self-reliant, so say: teaching and learning learn from each other. "Duiming" said: "Learn half." That's what it means!
Ancient teachers have schools, the party has difficulties, the art is orderly, and state-owned learning. Admission the following year, middle-aged exam. One year, you can distinguish between classics and records, three years, you can respect your career and music groups, five years, you can learn from your teachers, and seven years, you can learn from your theory and make friends, which is called small success; I have known the class very well for nine years and stood firm and did not object. This is a great achievement. Husband is enough to change the customs, and those who are near will persuade him, and those who are far away will be pregnant. This is also the way of university. "Ji" said: "A moth puts out a fire, which can be used for reference." That's what it means!
At the beginning of the university, he sacrificed vegetables to show his respect for Taoism. "Xiaoya" is the third and the official is also the beginning; Admission drum, Sun Ye; The second thing in the early summer is to accept its prestige; If you don't know what to learn, you will travel to your ambition; Watch the time to speak and keep your heart; The young people listened and asked, but they couldn't wait to learn. These seven things are related to teaching. "Record" said: "All scholars should do things first, and scholars should have ambition first." That's what it means!
Teaching in a university requires a proper teaching career and a retirement home. Learn, don't learn to hold strings, and can't play strings; If you don't learn from Boyi, you can't learn poetry. You can't be polite if you don't learn miscellaneous clothes; If you don't like your art, you can't enjoy learning. Therefore, a gentleman is interested in learning, hiding, practicing, resting and doing. A husband is natural, so he learns and teaches, and enjoys his friends and believes in his way. So although it is auxiliary from the teacher, it is not the other way around. "Saving Life" said: "Respect Sun Wu's sensitivity, and learn from it." That's what it means!
Nowadays, teachers are moaning that they are full of information, talking about numbers, and then ignoring safety, which makes people unable to help but be sincere and teach people not to try their best; What it does is the opposite, and what it seeks is Buddha. However, if you are a husband, you will learn from him and get sick from his teacher. You will suffer from his difficulties and not know his benefits. Although it will end in a career, it will go quickly. Teaching is not punishment, that is why!
The law of college students is forbidden to be called in before it is made. What can be called a time is called a grandson, and it is called a mo. These four things are also well taught.
If you send it and then block it, it will be invincible; If you study outside your time, you will work hard and it will be difficult to achieve anything; Miscellaneous giving without grandchildren, bad and chaotic without repair; Studying alone without friends is ignorant; Yan Peng betrayed his teacher; Yan Bi abandoned school. These six things are all taught and abandoned.
A gentleman knows both teaching and being taught, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the gentleman's teaching metaphor is also, Tao is modest, strong and restrained, and open. Tao leads to harmony, strength leads to restraint and opening leads to thinking. Harmony with Louise is a good metaphor.
Scholars have four mistakes, and teachers must know them. People learn too much, or lose too little, or lose too easily, or stop. These four hearts are different. Know his heart, and then you can recover his loss. Teachers should also learn to be good and save the lost.
A good singer makes people follow his voice; A good teacher will make people follow their ambitions. His writing is also coming soon, which is slightly subtle and difficult to compare, which can be described as a continuation of ambition.
A gentleman knows the difficulty of learning, knows its beauty and evil, and then can be metaphorical; It can be a metaphor and then a teacher; Can be a teacher and then grow; You can be king after a long time. Therefore, teachers are also teachers, so learning is also a gentleman. Therefore, you should not be careless when choosing a teacher. "Ji" said: "Three kings and four generations, only their teachers." That's what it means!
For a strict teacher, any learning method is difficult. Teacher Yan respected the Tao, and the Tao respected the people and respected learning. Therefore, the place where you are not a minister is the second: when you are a corpse, you are a minister, and when you are a teacher, you are a minister. The gift of a college student, although written by the son of heaven, has no north; So respect the teacher.
Good scholars, learn from others, get twice the result with half the effort, so they are mediocre; Poor scholars and diligent teachers get twice the result with half the effort, so they complain a lot. Those who are good at asking questions, such as attacking wood, are easy at first, and then their programs are talked for a long time. People who are not good at asking questions are the opposite. Be kind to questioners, such as ringing the bell, ringing the small one, ringing the big one, being calm, etc., and then make good use of it; People who are not good at answering questions are the opposite. This is the way to learn.
Learning backrest problems is not enough to be a teacher. You must also listen to the language, but you can't ask and then speak; I don't know what I said, but I can give up.
A son who is good at smelting must learn to be a prostitute; The son of a good bow must learn to be a basket; On the contrary, the driver is in front of the horse. Only a gentleman who abides by these three points can have an interest in learning.
Ancient scholars: uglier than things. Drums are not as good as pentatonic, and pentatonic is not harmonious. Water doesn't deserve five colors, and five colors don't deserve chapters. Learning is nothing to the five senses. The five senses are hopeless. Teachers don't deserve five clothes, and five clothes don't kiss.
The gentleman said: Great virtue is not an official, the road is not a device, great faith is not kept, and the times are uneven. Observe these four things, and you will be interested in learning.
The three kings sacrificed to Sichuan, which is also the first and last sea; Or the source, or the Committee. This is called a service manual.
Translation:
(Rulers) can gain a small reputation by issuing laws and soliciting good morals (some people can't help themselves), but they can't arouse the hearing of the masses; If they get close to the wise and those who are alienated from themselves, they can arouse the hearing of the masses, but they can't play a role in educating the people. If a gentleman wants to educate the people and form good customs, he must re-establish schools and re-teach!
Jade is not a tool; People can't understand without learning. Therefore, in order to establish the country and govern the people, ancient kings must first establish schools and teach. In the chapter "Shangshu Duiming Names", it is said that "we should always give priority to learning and teaching", which is the truth!
Although the food is delicious, you don't know its delicacy until you eat it; Although the truth is profound and perfect, you won't understand its benefits without studying it. Therefore, only by studying can we know our own shortcomings, and only by teaching can we feel confused. Knowing your own shortcomings in learning, you can in turn be strict with yourself; If you feel confused, you can study tirelessly. Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other. The chapter of Duiming says: "Teaching and learning are two sides of the same thing", which is the truth!
In ancient times, there was a school called Shu in every twenty-five schools, a school called Dong in every political party, a school called Xu in every technology, and there were universities in countries where emperors or vassals lived.
At the beginning of the university, (emperors or officials) wore formal dresses and offered sacrificial plates to the sages, which showed that they respected their teachers and attached importance to Taoism. Students should recite three poems (,,,and Hua) in the Book of Songs (describing the harmony between monarch and minister), so that they will feel like an official when they enter school; Let the students take out their school supplies according to the drums and let them take their studies seriously; At the same time, display the ruler and maintain a clean and serious order; (Students enter school in spring, and the instructor) Students don't take exams every summer vacation, so that students have enough time to study according to their own wishes. The teacher observes first, don't tell them anything in advance, let them think hard; Older students should consult their teachers, and younger students should pay attention, not interrupt, because learning should be gradual and not overstepping. These seven points are the outline of teaching order. The ancient book says: "In teaching activities, the teaching palace should first do its duty, and the reader should first make up his mind", which is the truth!
The educational activities of universities are carried out on time and have their own formal courses; There is also homework during recess. If you don't learn miscellaneous music after class, you can't play the piano well in class; If you don't learn temperament after class, you can't learn poetry well in class; If you don't learn the knowledge of sweeping the floor after class, you won't learn good manners in class. It can be seen that it is impossible to be happy with what you have learned without learning all kinds of acrobatics. Therefore, if a gentleman treats learning and is accepted in the classroom, he must learn a lesson; Rest at home and learn all kinds of acrobatics. Only in this way can we study with peace of mind, be close to teachers, be willing to make friends with the masses, and be sure that what we have learned will not run counter to what we have learned, even if we leave the guidance of teachers. In the article "Redemption of Life"? Only by devoting yourself to humility and respect, and always learning with agility, can you achieve something in your study. "That's the truth!
Nowadays, teachers simply recite the text, instill a lot, blindly catch up with the progress, regardless of the students' acceptance ability, so that they can't calm down and study. Teachers can't teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and students' talents can't be fully developed. The teaching method violates the teaching principle and the requirements put forward are not in line with the students' reality. In this way, students will hate his study, resent his teacher, and suffer from the difficulty of his study without knowing its benefits. Although he has finished his studies, it is inevitable that he will soon forget what he has learned, and the purpose of teaching will not be achieved. That's why!
If you make a mistake and then block it, you will have a firm and unbreakable tendency; Let go of learning opportunities and remedy afterwards. Despite efforts, it is difficult to succeed. Teachers are disorganized, unruly, disorderly and out of control; If you think hard and don't discuss with your friends, you will form shallow knowledge and poor knowledge; Associating with dishonest friends is bound to violate the teacher's teaching; Engaging in some improper conversation will inevitably neglect formal study. These six points are the reasons for the failure of teaching.
A gentleman can become a good teacher if he knows both the experience of successful teaching and the reasons of teaching failure. Therefore, teachers teach people, that is, inspire and induce: (for students) induction does not pull; Don't intimidate and lure; Instruct students to study, not tell them the answers directly. Induce (teachers to students) without pulling, then teachers and students are harmonious; Only by encouraging, not forcing, can students feel eager to learn; Students will study and think independently only if they are inspired rather than arranged. It can achieve harmony between teachers and students, make students feel eager to learn and think independently, which can be said to be good at inspiring and inducing.
There are four kinds of mistakes in students' learning, and teachers must understand that the reasons for people's failure in learning are either greed, narrow knowledge, rash attitude or fear of stopping. These four points are caused by students' psychological and intellectual differences. Only by understanding the different psychological characteristics of the educated can teachers help students overcome their shortcomings. The function of education is to let the educated give full play to their advantages and overcome their disadvantages.
A gentleman should understand the students' natural qualities according to the difficulty they feel when studying, and then inspire and induce them in various ways. Only by inspiring and inducing in many ways can you become a good teacher. Being an official can be a good teacher, and being an official can be a gentleman. Therefore, the teacher is the one who teaches the ruling power. For this reason, we must choose our teachers carefully. The ancient book says: "The selection of teachers was the primary task of ancient kings". That's the truth!
In education, it is valuable to respect teachers. Only by respecting the teacher can we pay attention to what he teaches. The king of the world can respect the teacher and let the people concentrate on their studies. Therefore, there are two kinds of courtiers that the king does not treat his courtiers well: first, those who have been killed do not treat their courtiers well; The second is a teacher who doesn't treat each other as servants. According to the etiquette system, although (these two kinds of people) are summoned by the emperor, they can be exempted from the etiquette of appearing before the king, which is a respect for teachers and Taoism.
People who can learn can make teachers work hard to get good grades and be grateful to teachers; People who can't learn, even if the teacher is very diligent and has little effect, will still blame the teacher. People who can ask questions, just like carpenters chopping wood, start from the easy place first, and then cut the difficult knot (ask the easy questions first, then ask the difficult questions), so that the problems will be solved; People who can't ask questions are the opposite. People who can handle problems should answer in a targeted way, like ringing a bell, with small force, small bell, big force and big bell, and ring calmly, so that others can finish the question and then answer slowly; People who can't answer questions are just the opposite. These are about teaching methods.
If you want to learn from his father's superb craftsmanship, the son of an outstanding metallurgist must first learn to sew fur coats; The son of a clever archer must first learn to weave a dustpan, and the pony used to learn to pull a cart should be placed behind the cart. Only when a gentleman understands these three situations (from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep, from repeated practice to step by step) can he do a good job in teaching and succeed in his career.
People who studied in ancient times were able to compare similar things and draw inferences. Drum is not equal to pentatonic, and there is no harmony without drum sound in pentatonic; Water is not the same as five colors, but five colors cannot be bright and pleasing to the eye without water; Learning is different from the five senses, but without learning and training, the five senses will not play a good role; A teacher is not the same as a relative of Wufu, but without the teacher's teaching, people can't understand the intimate relationship of Wufu.
The gentleman said that a highly respected person is not limited to holding a certain official position; The laws of the universe apply not only to that one thing; A very loyal person does not need to swear before trusting him; There are four seasons in the sky, so you don't have to be uniform. You will be punctual. If you understand these four points, you will understand the fundamental truth. When the three ancient kings offered sacrifices to rivers, they all offered sacrifices to rivers first, and then to the sea. This is because the river is the source of water and the ocean is the destination of water. This is the problem!
———— Reprinted ancient poetry network