At this moment, Dani is playing with a group of people on Fenhe beach. Suddenly, he saw several guards of his father. He can't say anything. Drag him to Pingshan and put a bow and arrow in his hand. He said to him, "Your father and mother let you go hunting in the mountains. You have to pretend to be a man for your parents. " Dani thought, I haven't learned the skill of archery yet. How can I hunt? Dani looked at the mountain full of thorns and the sky full of dark clouds. Where are the rabbits and birds? This is obviously that mom and dad are embarrassing themselves! "Hum, I just don't learn to hunt. See what my parents can do to me!" The guards talked about it, but Dani just sat quietly. A group of people were shouting, and Emperor Yao came down from the mountain with the help of attendants, and his clothes were scratched. Seeing his father panting, Dani felt a little soft-hearted, so he had to bow down to his father and sing, "My father has to climb such a high mountain at this age. I don't know where to start?" Emperor Yao wiped his sweat and sat on a stone. He asked, "Unfortunately, son, you are no longer young. You are seventeen or eighteen years old. You still don't follow the right path and can't hunt. Are you waiting to starve to death in the future? " Look at such a vast land at the foot of the mountain, such good mountains and rivers. Don't you care about your father and emperor at all, and manage the land, mountains and rivers and people well? Dani blinked and said, "Rabbits run fast and birds fly high." There are no rabbits on this mountain, and there are no birds in the sky. What should I shoot? ".The people all over the world listen to you, and the land and mountains are all well managed. How can I use my son to worry about my father? At Dani's words, Emperor Yao sighed and said, "If you don't want to learn to hunt, learn the stone chess that soldiers fight for. Stone chess is very useful. " Dani listened to his father's emperor and didn't let him go hunting. On the contrary, he changed his mind a little. "Isn't it easy to play chess?" You'll learn it after sitting for a while. Dani threw away the arrow and asked his father to teach him at once. Emperor Yao said, "Nothing can be learned overnight, as long as you are willing to learn." After that, he picked up an arrow, squatted down, and used it to draw a dozen squares on a flat slope rock, so that the guards could pick up a large number of rocks and give them to Danzhu in half, and hand in hand taught Danzhu how to use stones to indicate the operational strategy of advancing and retreating in the process of leading the tribe to fight. Dani also listened at this time, showing patience. It was not until the sun was about to set that Emperor Yao taught his son to play chess wholeheartedly. Urged by the guards, the father and son got off Pingshan and went back to Pingyang capital without washing their faces.
After that, Dani studied chess very intently. He didn't wander outside, so Saint Yi Shi was more practical. Emperor Yao said to St. Yi Shi: "Stone chess contains profound principles of governing the people, the army and the mountains and rivers. If Zhu Dan really changes his mind and understands these truths, it is natural to take over my throne. " Unexpectedly, Dan Zhu Qi didn't learn it thoroughly, but he listened to the bad words of the former gang. He thinks there are too many restrictions on playing chess and there is no freedom at all. He had to work hard, make old habits, make friends all day, and even try to seize his father's position by deception. He was heartbroken and died of a serious illness. Emperor Yao is also very sad. He moved Danzhu to the south and never wanted to see Danzhu again. He also ceded the throne to Yu Shun. After three years of rigorous investigation, Yu Shun thought that he was not only virtuous, but also smart. Yu Shun followed the example of Emperor Yao and taught Shang Jun to play chess. Later, the pattern of Weiqi squares was made on pottery, and there was a record in the history books that "Yao made Weiqi for teaching". Today, there is a graphic relic of Qipanling Weiqi stone carving in Xishan, Zhangjin Village, Longci Township. Weiqi is a treasure in the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, which embodies the Chinese nation's pursuit of wisdom. The ancients often talked about a person's talent and accomplishment by "playing chess, calligraphy and painting", in which "chess" refers to Go.
Weiqi is figuratively likened to a black-and-white world. It is a favorite entertainment and competitive activity in ancient China, and it is also the oldest board game in human history. Because it integrates science, art and competition, it has the characteristics of developing intelligence, cultivating will quality and flexible strategic and tactical thinking. Therefore, it has flourished for thousands of years and gradually developed into an international cultural competition.
Weiqi, called chess in ancient China, can be said to be the originator of the whole ancient chess. It is said that it has a history of more than 4,000 years. According to Shiben, Go was written by Yao. Zhang Hua of the State of Jin also said in the Natural History: "Shun pretends to teach his son stupidity." Shun is a legendary figure, which makes the theory of Go unreliable, but it reflects the early origin of Go.
the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
Weiqi has been widely circulated in the society. Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-five Years of "xianggong" once recorded such a thing. In 559 BC, the monarch of Wei was deported by Dr. Ning Zhi and others. Later, Ning Zhi's son promised to welcome Wei Xiangong back. Criticized: "Ningjia is going to have a disaster. The players are indecisive and unable to couple. What is the situation? " The word "indecision" in Weiqi is used to describe political indecision, which shows that Weiqi activities have become a common thing in the society at that time.
Qin and Han Dynasties
Qin destroyed the six countries and unified the whole country. There are few records about Go. The third volume of Miscellanies of Xijing recorded that Du was the best chess player in the early Western Han Dynasty, but such records were as few as stars, indicating that the development of Go was still relatively slow at that time. By the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society was still "knowledgeable in the world and good at chess". It was not until the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty that Weiqi became popular again. 1952, archaeologists found a stone chess board in the Eastern Han Tomb No.1 in Wang Du, Hebei Province. The chessboard is square with four legs under it, and the situation is 17, which provides vivid materials for the shape of Weiqi chessboard in Han and Wei Dynasties. Associated with the frequent wars in Han and Wei dynasties for hundreds of years, the battle of Go has also become an important tool for training military talents. Ma Rong in the Eastern Han Dynasty regarded Go as a small battlefield and a battle in Qi Wei Fu. "Three feet game is a battlefield; When Chen Jushi dies, the two enemies are equal. " Many famous military strategists at that time, such as Cao Cao, Sun Ce and Lu Xun. During the Three Kingdoms period, he was outstanding on the battlefield and in chess. Wang Shen, one of the famous "seven sons of Jian 'an", is not only famous for his poems and prose, but also a master of Weiqi. It is said that his memory is amazing, he knows the face and play of Go like the back of his hand, and he can show the "rotten chess" he has seen again. The Go system in China has undergone two important changes in history, mainly due to the increase of local roads. Before and after Wei and Jin Dynasties, important changes took place for the first time. "Han Weidan's Spring Art and Literature" said that before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, "there were 17 games of vertical and horizontal chess, with a total of 289 players, 150 players of white chess and 150 players of black chess". This is exactly the same as the Go system of the Eastern Han Dynasty found in Wang Du, Hebei. However, the Chess Classic of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which was found in the stone chamber of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, recorded that the chess game at that time was "36 1, imitating the Sunday. "Explain that Go with the 19 channel has become popular at this time. This is exactly the same as the current chess game, reflecting that Go at that time had its original customization.
Southern and Northern Dynasties
Due to the rise of metaphysics in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, scholars are proud of speaking clearly, so playing Go is more prosperous, and playing Go is called "hand talk". The upper rulers are all good at playing chess. They set officials by chess, established a "chess product" system, and awarded "character" (grade) to "chess players" with a certain level. Chess at that time was divided into nine categories. "Biography of Heather Liu Yun" contains: "Liang Wudi is good at playing chess, and there are 278 people on the chess score." This shows the universality of chess activities. Now Japanese Go is divided into "nine segments", which comes from it. These changes have greatly promoted the improvement of Weiqi entertainment technology and laid the foundation for the further development of Weiqi entertainment in China and its spread abroad.
Sui dynasty
The former 17 chessboard was replaced by 19 chessboard, and since then 19 chessboard has become the mainstream. With the foreign policy of the Sui Empire, Goguryeo and Silla Baekje brought Weiqi to the Korean Peninsula and sent envoys to Japan.
Tang song yuan
The Tang and Song Dynasties can be regarded as the second great change period of Weiqi entertainment in history. Due to the emperor's love and other reasons, Weiqi has developed by leaps and bounds, and the wind of playing chess has spread all over the country. At this time, Weiqi lies not only in its military value, but also in cultivating sentiment, pleasing body and mind, and increasing wisdom. Playing chess, playing the piano, writing poems and painting are regarded as elegant things by people and become entertainment items suitable for men, women and children. The silk painting "Ladies Playing Chess" unearthed from the Tang Tomb at Astana 187 in Turpan, Xinjiang, depicts the image of aristocratic women playing Go at that time. At that time, the chess game was dominated by 19, and the players had changed from square to round. 1959 The porcelain Weiqi board unearthed from Zhang Sheng's tomb of Sui Dynasty in Anyang, Henan Province, and the ivory chess board with wooden clips presented to Emperor Xiaowu of Japan in the Tang Dynasty and now stored in Zhengcang Hospital of Japan are 19 in both vertical and horizontal directions. The black and white round chess pieces in Tang Dynasty collected by China Sports Museum and 50 black and white round chess pieces unearthed from the tomb of Yang Gong Song in Huai 'an all reflect the changes and development of Weiqi in this period. The implementation of the system of "playing chess with imperial edict" in the Tang Dynasty is a new symbol in the development history of China Weiqi. The so-called equal-faith chess is a professional chess player who accompanied the emperor in the Hanlin Academy in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the chess players dedicated to the palace were all selected through strict examination. They all have first-class chess skills, so they are called "national players". Famous chess players in the Tang Dynasty include Xuanzong Wang, Wang, Gu Shiyan and Xinzong Slip. Due to the implementation of the equal trust system, the influence of Go has been expanded and the social status of chess players has been improved. This system lasted for more than 500 years from the early Tang Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, which greatly promoted the development of Go in China. Since the Tang Dynasty, with the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, the flourishing Go has gradually gone abroad. First of all, Japan sent a delegation of Tang envoys to bring Weiqi back, and Weiqi soon spread in Japan. Not only have many famous players emerged in Weiqi, but they are also very particular about the making of chess pieces and chess games. For example, the chess game brought by the Japanese prince who paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty in the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (848) was made of jade, while the chess pieces in the pool in Zhen Ji Island were made of "Yu Zi". Besides Japan, Baekje, Koryo, Silla and other places on the Korean Peninsula also have contacts with China, especially Silla has sent envoys to Tang for many times, and the exchange of Go is more common. The story of the chess game between Yang, a master of Go in Tang Dynasty, and Silla's chess player was described in The Story of the New Tang Dynasty, which shows that Silla's Go had reached a certain level at that time.
Ming and Qing dynasties
By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the level of chess had been rapidly improved. One of its manifestations is the proliferation of schools. During the Ming Dynasty and Jiajing period, three famous schools of Weiqi were formed: one was Yongjia School, with Bao as its crown and Xu Xisheng as its disciple; First, the Xin 'an school, with Cheng as the crown, Wang Shu and Fang Zi as the attachments; The first is the Shi Jing School with Yan Lun and Li Fu (Beijingers) as its crown. These three schools have different styles and different offensive and defensive layouts, but they are all famous players at that time. Driven by them, Weiqi, which has long been monopolized by literati, began to develop among the citizens, and a number of "lane villains" players emerged. Through frequent folk competitions, they further popularized the game of Go. With the prosperity of Weiqi entertainment, a large number of Weiqi handbooks compiled by some folk players have appeared, such as Love Letter, Fairy Tales from Stone Chambers, Chess Manual of the Three Kingdoms, Arsenal of Fairy Tales, Chess History and Chess Question. More than 20 versions of Weiqi manuals in Ming Dynasty are precious works, from which we can get a glimpse of highly developed Weiqi skills and theories at that time. The Manchu rulers absorbed and advocated the Han culture, which also made Go entertainment activities highly developed in the Qing Dynasty, with a large number of famous artists and unprecedented prosperity of chess houses. There were a number of famous artists in the early Qing Dynasty, among which Guo Bailing, Shan Dayou and Wu Ruicheng were the most famous. In particular, Guo Bailing's two-volume Zi Si Pu changed the writing style of the old Ming Dynasty, elaborated it in detail, and became a masterpiece. From the end of Kangxi to the beginning of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the chess world became more prosperous, and a large number of famous players emerged in the chess world. Among them, Liang Weijin, Cheng Lanru, Fan Xiping and Shi Xiangxiang are called "Four Great Masters". Among them, Liang Weijin's chess style is ingenious and changeable, which has benefited Shi Xiangxiang and Fan Xiping a lot. Both Shi and Fan 'er are from Haining, Zhejiang Province, and they became famous as teenagers, and they were called "two wonders of Haichang". It is said that when Shi Xiangxiang was 30 years old and Fan Xiping was 365,438+0 years old, they had a fight in Danghu. After 65,438+00 games, the outcome was neck and neck. Ten innings of Danghu won a thrilling performance and became a masterpiece handed down through the ages.