In ancient times, it was regarded as an elegant representative in the minds of literati, with a long-lasting piano sound and friends from mountains and rivers.
Guqin is also called "Qin" and "lyre".
Structural composition: There are various types, among which "Zhong Ni style" is the most common.
Generally, it can be divided into piano body (i.e. the resonance box, which consists of piano face, piano bottom, piano products, goose feet and other parts) and chord system (including seven strings, moon mountain, Qin emblem and other parts).
Materials used: The piano panel of the piano body is generally made of paulownia wood, and the piano bottom is made of catalpa wood.
The texture of strings used to be mostly silk, but now they are mostly metal; Qin Hui is mostly made of shells or jade.
Musical Instrument Features: It is one of the oldest musical instruments in the musical instrument family with a long history and one of the most important traditional national musical instruments in China.
A plucked instrument belonging to the stringed instrument family, with a rich and deep pronunciation and a long aftertaste, has strong national characteristics in China.
The playing techniques are complex, with special skills such as sliding, kneading strings and overtone playing, and rich expressive force.
Guqin has a small volume, low sound area, clear and rich timbre and simple style.
In ancient times, almost every family of China literati had guqin.
Confucius is also an admirer of guqin. Among the six arts he taught, guqin is a compulsory instrument, and Confucius wanted to cultivate people's sentiment through guqin.
In about 48 1 BC, Confucius wrote the piano music Cao Cao to mourn the two wise men who were killed by Zhao Jianzi.
The existing Qin songs "Turtle Hill Grass", "Holly Grass" and "Yao Lan Grass" are all works of Confucius.
Guqin is a flat and long speaker, with a length of about 130 cm, a width of about 20 cm and a thickness of about 5 cm.
The panel, also called the piano face, is a long wooden board with an arched surface, a chord hole in the head and an oval tail.
The bottom plate, also known as the piano bottom, has the same shape as the panel, but it is not arched. The belly of the piano is dug in the lower half of the whole piece of wood.
There are two sound holes in the bottom plate, called Longchi and Fengman respectively. There are two foot holes near the waist in the middle, and two feet are installed on them to praise the feet.
The piano face and the bottom plate are bonded to form the piano body, and the tongue-shaped wooden board is attached to the inside of the piano head to form a space separated from the belly of the piano, which is called the tongue hole.
There is a sound beam on the back of the panel, also called Shi Xiang.
There are two pillars in the belly of the piano, called Tianzhu and Judy.
Chords, also called Qin Zhen, are mostly round or melon-shaped, hollow (for threading), and the strings are tied with velvet ropes and tied around the harp.
The strings are wrapped in silk.
Yueshan is embedded in the head of the panel and also has a chord hole.
There are four feet on the floor. The first two feet are called palms and the last two feet are called tail stickers, which play the role of flattening the body.
Thirteen badges made of mother-of-pearl or jade are embedded in the panel to mark phonemes.
Guqin has beautiful shapes, such as Fuxi, Zhong Ni, Julian, sunset and the moon.
Mainly according to the different neck and waist shapes of the piano body.
Lacquer has broken lines, which is the symbol of the ancient piano.
Due to the vibration of long-term performance and the difference of wood and paint base, various broken lines can be formed, such as plum blossom break, cow hair break, snake belly break, ice breaking, turtle pattern and so on.
A broken piano is more valuable because of its clear sound and beautiful appearance.
Among Chinese musical instruments, the sound of guqin is special, unlike erhu, which is more euphemistic and lingering. You know, the kind that won't go away and is a little heartbroken. Unlike guzheng, which is loud and cheerful, the performance effect is immediate, but it is peaceful and calm, with a heart-to-heart chanting; Unlike the pipa, it is like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade-like straightforwardness.
Guqin is delicate and subtle, and fingering quietly controls priorities.
This kind of sound determines that it is not suitable as an ensemble instrument, but suitable for solo.
The only thing that can be in harmony with guqin is the flute, which is bitter and vague, and the elegant piano, which transcends reality, which is why guqin is favored by traditional literati.
The sound of guqin is fascinating, the overtones are light and clear, the scattered sounds are calm and vigorous, and the timbre is soothing or intense or dignified.
The fingering of the sound, pen, brush and rhyme of the guqin makes people truly realize the lingering fragrance, just like a wick of incense dancing slowly in the air, which is both solid and empty, lingering around, just like the ink cloud in Chinese painting, such as Guo's Early Spring Picture and Huang's Fuchun.
China has many beautiful stories about guqin.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru's song "Phoenix Begging for Phoenix" won Zhuo Wenjun's heart, which is a love story with guqin as the theme.
Kongming of the Three Kingdoms, with his extraordinary wisdom, burned incense and played the piano when the empty city was in danger, which became a classic story sung for a long time in later operas.
Guqin is a typical solo instrument, which is rarely used in ensemble.
In ancient times, when literati sang, they often used it as an accompaniment instrument.
Guqin is the oldest plucked instrument in China with a history of more than 3,000 years. It is the most famous musical instrument in ancient China. It is called philosophy art or philosophy of art, and it is listed as the first of the four major arts of "Chyi Chin Painting and Calligraphy".
It is a compulsory instrument for every scholar in ancient times. Famous artists in history include Confucius, Cai Yong, Cai Wenji, Li Bai, Du Fu, Song Huizong and Ji Kang.
Guqin is also one of Confucius' six arts.
In the Book of Songs, it is recorded that "My Fair Lady is a friend of harps and harps" and "I have a guest, playing the piano and drums".
Guqin itself is full of legendary symbolism. For example, it is 3 feet 6 inches 5 minutes long, representing 365 days in a year. The surface of the piano is curved, representing the sky, and the bottom of the piano is flat, symbolizing the earth, also known as the "round place".
Guqin has 13 emblems, representing 12 months and leap months in a year.
Guqin originally had five strings, symbolizing gold, wood, water, fire and earth.
Zhou Wenwang added a string to mourn his dead son, Bo Yikao, and the other string was to boost morale when the prince of Wu attacked, so the guqin was also called the "civil-military lyre".
Guqin has more than 100 overtones, which is probably the most overtone instrument in the world.
Guqin has its own notation (simplified Chinese notation), at least 1500 years old.
There are more than 50 guqin scores/kloc-0, including more than 3,000 guqin songs handed down from ancient times.
Qinpai
Qin School is a school composed of Qin people with a common artistic style.
Qin School originated from Yushan School in the late Ming Dynasty and Guangling School in the Qing Dynasty.
The philosophers in the post-Qin Dynasty were mostly named after geographical division, with Yushan School as the center and Guangling School as the center.
Guangling Qinpai
Jiuben school
Lingnan school
Meianpai
Pucheng school
Yushanpai
Zhepai
Zhuchengpai
Shupai