In order to resist foreign invasion, Chu first built the "Chu Fangcheng", which started the construction of the Great Wall in Wan Li recorded in China history. Let's look at the historical story of the Great Wall in Wan Li.
The Origin of Wan Li Great Wall
The Great Wall is an extremely magnificent defense construction project in ancient China. According to historical records, since the Warring States period, more than 20 countries and feudal dynasties have built the Great Wall, among which the length of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming dynasties has exceeded 1 Wan Li. If all the Great Walls built in each era are added up, it is about 10 Wan Li.
The name "Wan Li Great Wall" originated in the Qin Dynasty. It took five years from the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC) when Meng Tian was sent to attack the Xiongnu, to the death of the first emperor, and the death of Meng Tian and Fu Su (2 14 BC) granted by Qin Ershi.
According to historical records, after Qin unified the six countries, the first emperor sent general Meng Tian to take 300,000 people to the Northern Expedition of Xiongnu. After Meng Tian expelled the Huns, he took the land south of the Yellow River as 44 counties, built the Great Wall, and set up barrier forts along the Yellow River and Yinshan Mountain, connecting Zhao and Yan Great Walls in the north and east, Qin Zhaowang Old Great Wall in the west, Lintao in the west (now Taohe in the south of Gansu Province) and extending more than 10,000 miles in the east. This Qin Changcheng is far north of the Great Wall today.
Qin Changcheng is built of rammed earth. As can be seen from the site of Qin Changcheng in the north of Lintao, the bottom layer is raw soil, and there is a very solid layer of loess on the soil. The rammed soil layer wall is built on loess, and the rammed soil layer is yellow clay mixed with gravel. Although this is an early tamping method, it has created a miracle in the history of human architecture.
In the Han Dynasty, due to the frequent invasion of Xiongnu in the north, Qin Changcheng continued to be restored from Emperor Hanjing. Finally, the Great Wall with a total length of nearly two Wan Li was built, starting from Dawaner Shicheng in the west, passing through Qiuci, Auto Market (both in present-day Xinjiang) and Juyan (now in Inner Mongolia), and reaching the north bank of Heilongjiang. The castles are connected and opposed by fire, forming a solid defense line.
From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Yuan Dynasty, many dynasties built the Great Wall, but the scale was not as good as that of Qin and Han Dynasties.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the original rulers, the Yuan Dynasty and Mongolian nobles fled back to Mongolia, constantly harassing and plundering the south, and the Jurchen nationality in the northeast rose, so the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to the defense in the north. By the Ming Dynasty, the construction and defense of the Great Wall had hardly stopped for more than 200 years. Finally, the Great Wall with a total length of12,700 miles was built, starting from Yalu River in the east and Jiayuguan in the west, which is what we saw today. The Ming Great Wall is characterized by the construction of several heavy walls at important passes, especially Juyongguan, Shanhaiguan and Yanmenguan, with more than 20 heavy walls. Many castles and smoke mounds (beacon towers) have been built in the north and south of the Great Wall to observe the enemy's situation and transmit warnings.
The construction of the Great Wall is also conducive to the development and protection of wasteland, promoting the development of production in remote areas and ensuring the safety of communications and business travel. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there were wide straight roads and galloping roads in the north, but in the Han dynasty, the traffic avenue in the western regions was opened, so the transmission of documents, the exchanges between envoys and business needs to be guaranteed, and the Great Wall beacon tower was built along this avenue.
The construction of the Great Wall is in harmony with the military defense system. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, there were military administrative zones along the Great Wall called towns. Company commanders and guards command the military forces along the Great Wall under the jurisdiction of this town. There are "roads" under some towns, which are stationed in important places and closed cities. The leader of these roads is called Garrison. Such as Shanhaiguan road, the garrison is stationed in Shanhaiguan city and is in charge of more than a dozen passes nearby.
Pass, that is, pass, is an important stronghold on the Great Wall Line, usually in dangerous places. The narrow passage between the two mountains is called the pass, and building a city at the pass to block the passage is called sealing. The important pass is guarded by the garrison, and the secondary pass is guarded by the commander. There are also defensive buildings such as cities, castles, barriers and ridges along the Great Wall. The city is a defensive city closely connected with the Great Wall, which is different from counties, with a small area and a distance of dozens of miles. The barrier is a small town smaller than the city, which mainly houses troops, but also has residents. The fortress is the residence of the garrison soldiers, guarded by "hundred generals" or "generals", and the number of defenders ranges from dozens to hundreds. Some castles have beacon towers. This is a simple building dedicated to viewing.
There are beacon towers (also called smoke pier platforms) on both sides of the Great Wall, some close to both sides of the Great Wall, and some extend far away from the Great Wall. There are several guards on the stage, lighting cigarettes during the day and setting fires at night. The beacon tower is an independent high platform. There are facilities for viewing houses and burning smoke and fire on the platform. There are soldiers' houses, sheepfolds and other buildings under the platform, and there are beacon towers about ten miles away. The walls of the Great Wall depend on the terrain. The steep slope is short and the gentle slope is high. There is a circular arch not far from the inside of the wall, and there is a masonry ladder in the door leading to the top of the wall for the soldiers guarding the city to get up and down. A crib was built on the outside of the top of the wall, which had a lookout eye in ancient times. At regular intervals on the city wall, there is also a platform protruding from the city wall, which is called a wall platform or an enemy platform. The platform of the city wall is the place where the foot soldiers guarding the city keep watch at ordinary times. The enemy platform is a pier on the city wall, where soldiers guarding the city can live and store weapons.
The construction of the Great Wall is mainly based on topography and local materials. Where there are mountains, try to use steep ridges, with steep outer sides and gentle inner sides. And take stones from the mountain, cut them into neat strips, and fill them with lime and lime, which is very strong. The loess area is dominated by soil rammer. In desert areas, sand and pebbles are spread layer by layer with reeds and red willow branches. In the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was made of bricks in important areas, and a kiln factory was opened on the spot to burn bricks, stones and lime. The laborers who built the Great Wall mainly defended the army, followed by the forced civilian workers, and the third was sent to the prisoners of the army.
When the Great Wall was built in the Ming Dynasty, there was no machinery for construction and transportation, and it was mainly carried by manpower. A big stone weighs more than 2,000 kilograms, and a big brick weighs more than 30 kilograms. There is sand and stone in it, which is too hard to be carved with a knife. The handling method is mainly queuing and transshipment, and simple tools such as hand-push trolley, log rolling, crowbar and winch can also be used. Sometimes animals are used, but a lot of work is done by manpower, so I don't know how many people died building the Great Wall.
Meng Jiangnu cry the Great Wall
This story happened a long time ago.
At that time, Qin Shihuang was recruiting 800,000 migrant workers to build the Great Wall of Wan Li. The government arrests people everywhere as migrant workers.
The arrested man built the Great Wall day and night.
I don't know how tired I am
There is a scholar named Fan Xiliang in Suzhou.
In order to escape the government's pursuit
He had to hide everywhere. one day
He fled to Meng's garden.
I met Meng Jiangnv by chance. Meng Jiangnv is a clever girl.
She hid Fan Xiliang with her parents. The two old people like Fan Xiliang very much.
He betrothed Meng Jiangnv to him as his wife.
Married less than three days.
Fan Xiliang was arrested by business to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnv cried like a crybaby.
Waiting for her husband to come back. Half a year has passed
No news from Fan Xiliang. It is already late autumn.
The north wind blows everywhere.
Lu Hua whitening
The weather is getting colder every day. Meng Jiangnv remembers that her husband is building the Great Wall in the north.
It must be very cold.
I sewed my own cold clothes.
Set out on the road
Determined to go to the Great Wall of Wan Li to find Fan Xiliang.
Along the way
Meng Jiangnv has experienced many difficulties.
How much have you suffered?
Just came to the foot of the Great Wall. Who knows that the migrant workers who built the Great Wall told her
Fan Xiliang is dead.
The bones were filled into the city wall. Hearing the heartbreaking news
Meng Jiangnv only felt that it was dark.
Suddenly fainted to the ground.
Wake up
She began to cry sadly.
I just cried my eyes out.
There is no light in the sun and moon. I don't know how long I cried.
Suddenly I heard a loud noise, which shook the earth.
The Great Wall collapsed for dozens of miles.
Expose countless bones. Meng Jiangnv bit her finger.
Blood drops on one bone after another.
She secretly prayed in her heart: If it is her husband's bones,
Blood seeped into the bone.
otherwise
Blood will flow everywhere. finally
Meng Jiangnv discovered Fan Xiliang's remains in this way. She has this pile of bones.
I started crying sadly again.
Qin Shihuang saw Meng Jiangnv was very beautiful.
Trying to force her to be a concubine. Meng jiangnu promised him for a pretence.
However, Qin Shihuang was asked to do three things first: ask the monk to read the Forty-ninth Classic to Fan Xiliang.
Then bury him well; Qin Shihuang will personally lead the minister of civil and military affairs to cry and sacrifice to Fan Xiliang; After burying Fan Xiliang,
Meng Jiangnv plans to travel around.
It takes three days to get married. Qin Shihuang had to agree to Meng Jiangnv's request. After three things are done.
Meng Jiangnv severely scolded Qin Shihuang.
Then he jumped into the rough sea.
The Story and Legend of the Great Wall-"Yumenguan"
ancient times
Gansu xiaofangcheng west.
There is a post office called "Racing Rabbit"
Also known as "the lost horse". Caravans have to pass through this place to transport jade from the border to the Central Plains. The terrain here is very complicated: swamps are everywhere, ravines are criss-crossing, forests cover the sun, and weeds are everywhere. Whenever the caravan carrying jade catches up with the hot weather.
In order to avoid heatstroke of people and livestock during the day
I always like to be cool at night and walk in a hurry. therefore
Whenever cavalry comes here,
It is always dark.
Can't tell the direction
Even the old horse who often runs back and forth on this road will feel dizzy.
Difficulty in finding the way
That's how the name "lost horse" came from.
There is a caravan specializing in jade and silk.
Running on this road all the year round
I often get lost in "a horse loses its front hoof". Once, the caravan got lost as soon as it entered the "lost horse". People are in an anxious state.
Suddenly a lone goose landed not far away. A young man in the caravan quietly caught the geese.
He has a kind heart.
Hold in your arms.
Get ready to take out the lost horse and let it go. at once
I saw the goose purring at the young man with tears: "Gollum!" "
Give me something to eat.
Will get lost. "After hearing this, the young man suddenly realized.
You know, geese are left behind because they are too hungry to fly.
Immediately bring your own dry food and water to feed the geese. When the geese are full,
Fly to the sky.
Keep going in circles
Lead the caravan out of the "horse stumbles"
Arrived at the destination Xiaofangcheng smoothly. After a period of time
The caravan got lost again in the "lost horse"
The wild goose flew into the air again and cried, "Gollum!"
The caravan got lost. Guru Guru
This square plate is inlaid with jade. "Call while flying.
Divert the caravan away. Only the young man who saved the goose understood what the goose said.
And said to the boss of the tour leader: "Goose told us to set a luminous dark green jade in Xiaofang Town.
Later, the caravan had a goal.
You'll never get lost again. Upon hearing this, "the boss said
In the mind a calculation.
A luminous dark green jade is worth several thousand taels of silver.
Unwilling to part
No promises.
I didn't expect the caravan to get lost in the "lost horse" next time.
I can't find water for days.
The camel gasped with thirst.
Everyone is thirsty.
Too thirsty to walk.
Life is at stake.
Just at this time.
That wild goose is coming again.
And cried in the sky, "The caravan is lost.
Jade inlaid square plate
Never give up the black jade, never lead the way. "Hearing this, the young man hurried to tell the boss.
The boss panicked.
Ask the young man what to do.
The young man said, "You kneel down and swear to the goose,' You must be inlaid with jade.
Never break your word. . "The boss did as the young man said at once.
Kneel down and swear to the goose
After listening to the goose,
Spin in the air for a moment
Lead the caravan out of the "lost horse" again.
The caravan was saved. After arriving in Xiaofang City,
The boss dare not love money anymore.
I immediately picked the biggest and best luminous dark green jade.
Set at the top of the closed building.
Whenever night falls,
This jade gives off a dazzling light.
You can see it clearly in Fiona Fang dozens of miles away.
In the past, the caravan had a goal.
Never get lost again. From this time on.
Xiaofangcheng was renamed "Yumenguan". In fact, Yumenguan was built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Because it was an important traffic artery from China to the Western Regions in ancient times.
Hetian jade stone was imported from the western regions and entered the customs from then on.
Wangjinglou
In those days, Qi Jiguang served as the company commander of Jizhen Town.
With the support of Tan Lun,
I personally planned and supervised the Jinshanling Great Wall (located in Luanping County, Hebei Province).
This section of the Great Wall has a unique structure.
The city wall is based on huge stone strips.
Made of bricks. At the eastern end of the Jinshanling Great Wall, Tiger Mountain rises into the clouds.
There is a wangjinglou.
Located on the top of a thousand meters high.
On both sides of the building are cliffs.
Man can only climb up through the cracks in the stone. It is said that when it was built,
Many people were killed and injured in order to carry a stone.
But the stone still can't be shipped. This touched the jade emperor.
Immediately send his nephew Erlang Shen to deliver the stone. On the same evening
Erlang God came to the foot of Tiger Mountain.
I saw piles of stones piled there.
Then he flashed his magic knife.
Immediately turned into a mountain whip. He threw a whip at a stone.
Shouting "change" at the same time
That stone
Immediately become a big goat.
Go straight to the top of the mountain. When he reached the top of the mountain, he counted.
No more, no less.
Just enough. just right
A brief description of a soldier's narrative.
Suddenly I saw Erlang God herding sheep.
Run back with a scream. Jiro heard someone shouting.
Also taken aback.
Kick dozens of stones down the mountain.
Fell in the mountains to the east. Jiro immediately ascended to heaven.
done
Repair the lath in wangjinglou.
There are dozens of pieces missing. Now, when I set foot in wangjinglou,
You will see that five of the twelve cornerstones at the bottom of the building are made of gravel blocks. And the stones that Erlang kicked down the mountain.
Still piled up in the ravine
The local people call this mountain depression a stone depression.