Urban color refers to the sum of the elements of the appearance color of buildings and urban appendages. Architectural color is an important condition of urban color. Because of its large size and relatively stable color, it plays an important role as the unchanging color of the city. In the traditional architectural design process, architectural color selection generally exists only as a supplement to architectural design, and is generally only considered in the final stage of the design process.
This operation mode is positive for the role of color in architecture and urban environment, but it also limits the adjustment and interaction between color and architecture and environment. The main purpose of urban building color planning and control is to carry out subjective and active control, coordinate the overall image of the city from the starting point of color by active control means, and prevent chaotic or abrupt colors from affecting the overall image of the city. Grasping the color of urban buildings is actually to realize the basic color composition of a city. Therefore, the research on the control mode of urban building color planning can effectively improve the scientific operation basis of urban color planning management [1].
2 the regional concept of urban architectural color planning
2. 1 regional concept
The concept of region is very broad, and human life and production are closely related to region. The rest of the color control refers to the specific regional culture as the background, and the study of urban color region is formed in the overall urban context, and any city has its own unique regional color atmosphere. Many times, if you want to know the regional cultural information of a city, the first task is to optimize the design of a single color of urban architecture. If you don't follow this basic principle, even if you break through innovation again, it will only be a regionalized personality, which is of little significance to the color composition of the whole region.
2.2 the regional principle of color planning
The color of urban buildings mainly depends on the natural environment, such as the climate, latitude and topography of the city. Because climatic conditions will affect building materials, materials, as the objective basis of color, also promote climatic conditions to become the key factor affecting building color. Another principle that constitutes the regional principle is the historical and cultural elements of the city. Different social systems, customs, religious beliefs and cultural awareness work together to form traditions of different colors, and people in different urban areas have different preferences and perceptions of colors. Therefore, if we want to plan the architectural color of this city, we first need to understand the cultural and historical characteristics of this city [2].
2.3 Regional laws of urban color planning
Different functional areas in modern cities have different colors. For example, the architectural colors in industrial areas are simple and lively, which helps people to form a high working atmosphere, while the architectural colors in commercial areas are more conspicuous, unique and visually stimulating, so as to stimulate people's vision and attract consumers. Most of the architectural colors in the cultural area are subtle and elegant, which can show the local cultural characteristics; The architectural color of the entertainment area is lively and vivid, which can arouse people's optimism; Buildings in residential areas are generally designed to create a more comfortable living environment, so the choice of colors is mostly warm, bright and soft. According to the above characteristics, some researchers and designers usually choose the way of zoning when studying the architectural color of the city, and distinguish different blocks according to the different attributes of the building and their own unique characteristics, and then investigate each block separately, and finally summarize the overall color law by comprehensive results.
3. Stratified research on the regional differences of urban architectural colors in China.
3. 1 Study on Macroscopic Differences
3. 1. 1 macro hierarchy
The macro-level urban color region is formed in the overall urban context, and any city has its own fixed regional color atmosphere. Generally, the division is based on other physical geography, and regional natural and human factors work together. Physical geography resources are the basis of the formation of urban landscape architecture and the premise of the color creation of urban architecture. From a large-scale analysis, it can be divided into north-south differences, east-west differences and regional and urban differences. Our country has a vast landform and a large population, but individual personality characteristics, regional population's personality commonness, social class and their own hobbies will all affect people's sensory understanding of color. The influence of different social and cultural fields on the color relationship is different, so the architectural color differences in different regions are also obvious.
North-South difference is the biggest difference clue in China. Whether it is a natural landscape or a human landscape, the difference between the north and the south of China is very obvious. The difference between the east and the west is mainly the influence of the developed economy in the east, the backward economy in the west and the natural environment. The northern part of China is vast and sparsely populated, and large areas of yellow land are single in color. Therefore, people strongly need to fill their psychological vision with strong and bright colors, so most of the colors seen in buildings are bright and blazing. In addition, because the ancient dynasties of China were mostly established in the north, the royal knights and the people in the north were uninhibited, and the application of large contrast blocks was even more tense. The southern region is rich in natural vegetation, the products are more diverse, and people's visual areas are more complex. Therefore, when building, people tend to use colors such as blue bricks and white walls to adapt to the natural environment, while there are not many interior decorations, all of which are natural and exquisite, and the colors are elegant.
3. 1.2 Comparison of urban color application
To plan the city's color, we must first recognize the city's characteristics and orientation, adhere to the principle of zoning planning and obeying the whole to express the city's own characteristics. For example, Beijing, Xi, Nanjing, Suzhou and Chengdu are relatively easy to locate, while other emerging non-historical and cultural cities such as Shenzhen, Xiamen and Sanya are relatively easy to locate due to the economic development brought about by reform and opening up. However, most cities in China are somewhere in between. To locate the cultural image of these cities, we need to focus on it. When positioning these cities, we need to start from philosophy, history, culture and other aspects, deeply understand and see the historical and modern cultural resources of this city, so as to find out the most accurate urban cultural image, and then concentrate on strengthening this cultural image and making it a characteristic of this city. In the process of urban color planning and design, these comprehensive analysis are very important, and only by finding the correct positioning can we achieve outstanding results.
3.2 Micro-level research Most modern cities have clear functional regional characteristics, that is, micro-regional division. A city can be divided into cultural areas, living areas, religious areas, industrial areas and administrative areas. Different colors will also be used when reflecting different functional areas. The main purpose of color control in a specific area of a city is that the implemented color has the characteristics of high quality, high efficiency and sustainability, and it is a comprehensive and accurate cognitive judgment of color.
In the process of operation, most of them are fully controlled according to the regional functions of the city. The regional division of some mega-cities is more complicated, generally consisting of several regions with independent functions, and some regions with specific functional characteristics, such as science and technology parks and central business districts. When designing, we must first determine the key color landscape design and control areas in this region, draw up the color scheme of urban areas, and choose the main color, color matching and embellishment colors of urban colors. The design characteristics of architectural color are generally based on the appearance design characteristics of architectural structure. Urban color landscape planning is more suitable for cities with large scale, rapid construction and diversified internal functions because of the regional principle. Taking Guangzhou as an example, when making color planning, urban color designers divided Guangzhou into nine different color control areas according to its functional structure, determined basic colors for different areas respectively, and put forward color control guidelines.
4 conclusion
In short, the evaluation of urban color planning includes two main levels, one is the evaluation of color planning, and the other is whether the completion of color landscape is consistent with the completion acceptance plan. In terms of urban color landscape, modern urban construction projects are diverse, including not only new renovation projects, but also the control of each color is different. Therefore, the urban planning department is required to control the most representative and influential buildings in the urban area, and take color as the carrier to better show the urban characteristics.
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