The basic characteristics of the era of great change (great transformation) are: political turmoil, constant wars, frequent reforms and short-lived political power;
The change of production mode is obvious: the innovation of production technology is accelerated;
Significant changes have taken place in the relations of production: ideological culture is active, a hundred schools of thought contend, and various ideas clash fiercely;
Political transformation: absolute monarchy-democracy and harmony;
Transformation of production mode: manual labor, agricultural machinery industry;
Ideological and cultural transformation: Confucianism is exclusive-ideological pluralism.