The development and utilization of oil and gas in China is an ancient and brand-new undertaking. After the founding of New China, it has become an important industrial sector of modern energy production in China. However, the history of China's discovery and utilization of oil and gas technology can be traced back to two thousand years ago, and it has made brilliant achievements in technology.
China's modern petroleum industry sprouted in the middle of19th century. After years of hard struggle, until the eve of the founding of New China, its foundation was still extremely weak. Reviewing this historical process is helpful to understand the rise of China's oil industry.
We will introduce the development of China petroleum industry in three parts.
1. Recovery and development
After the liberation of Yumen Oil Mine, in order to create a new oil industry in China, in August 1952, President Mao Zedong ordered the 57th Division of China People's Liberation Army 19 Army to be transferred to the First Division of Petroleum Engineering, which laid a good foundation for establishing an oil industry army with strict organizational discipline and high professionalism. By the end of 1952, the national crude oil output reached 435,000 tons, 3.6 times that of 1949, 3 times that of the highest annual output of old China, and more than 6 times that of 1949. Yumen oil mine is the focus of petroleum industry construction during the first five-year plan period. In order to strengthen exploration, new technologies such as "May 1st" seismograph and "heavy drilling pressure and large displacement" drilling have been widely used, and Yougou, Baiyang River and Yaerxia oil fields have been discovered successively. Comprehensive development has been started according to scientific procedures, and measures such as water injection and a series of underground operations have been taken. According to the deployment of the first five-year plan, oil exploration is first carried out in the northwest region. On June 1955, the first well in Karamay -Ke 1 blowout produced oil. The development and construction of Karamay oilfield strongly supported the economic construction in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. During the period of 1958, Qinghai Petroleum Exploration Bureau drilled a high-yield oil well with a daily output of 800 tons on Lenghu No.5 structure on the basis of the discovery of Lenghu structural belt by geological department, and successively discovered Lenghu No.5, No.4 and No.3 oil fields. In Sichuan, a natural gas area has been discovered from Chongqing in the east, Zigong in the west and Xu Shui in the south. During the period of 1958, the Ministry of Petroleum organized a battle in central Sichuan and discovered seven oil fields, including Nanchong and Guihua, ending the history of no oil production in southwest China. By the end of 1950s, China had initially formed four oil and gas bases, namely Yumen, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Sichuan. In 1959, the national crude oil output reached 3.733 million tons, and the natural gas output in Sichuan increased from more than 60 million cubic meters in 1957 to 250 million cubic meters. In terms of artificial oil, after expansion and transformation, the output of various artificial oil plants in Northeast China has increased substantially. 1959 The output of artificial oil reached 970,000 tons, which was in the leading position in the world at that time. On a very weak basis, the oil refining industry has successively expanded and built eight oil refineries in Shanghai, Karamay, Lenghu, Lanzhou and Dalian, with an annual processing capacity of10-100000 tons. 1959 produced 2.349 million tons of gasoline, coal, diesel oil and lubricating oil, and the self-sufficiency rate of major petroleum products reached 40.6%.
2. Historical changes
Since 1955, the Ministry of Geology and the Ministry of Petroleum have successively carried out comprehensive geological surveys in North China Plain and Songliao Basin. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, in March 1960, a large-scale oil battle related to the fate of the oil industry kicked off in Daqing and made great progress. 1963 The national crude oil output reached 6.48 million tons. In February of the same year, the rapid growth of crude oil production required the simultaneous development of the refining industry. During this period, a series of refineries were expanded and merged, and new processes, technologies and products were vigorously developed. In addition, the hydrocracking unit was researched, designed and built. By the end of 1965, * * had built three sets of the above-mentioned devices 13, greatly narrowing the gap with foreign oil refining technology at that time. 1965 produced 6170,000 tons of gasoline, coal, diesel oil and lubricating oil, and the self-sufficiency rate reached 97.6%, realizing China's oil self-sufficiency ahead of schedule.
After the decisive victory of Daqing oil battle, the oil exploration team began to enter the Bohai Bay area. From 65438 to 0964, with the approval of the central government, a North China oil battle was launched in the coastal areas south of Tianjin and north of Dongying, Shandong. By 1965, Shengli Oilfield was discovered in Shandong, with an annual output of 838,000 tons of crude oil, and the output of 1978 crude oil reached 3.55 million tons. 1April, 1970, Daqing started oilfield development and adjustment. By 1973, the deteriorating situation was reversed, and the crude oil output ratio of the whole oilfield increased by more than 50%. From 65438 to 0976, the annual output of Daqing Oilfield exceeded 50 million tons, which laid the foundation for the annual output of crude oil in China to reach 65438+ tons. At the same time, the third and sixth oil plants were expanded and transformed into refineries for processing natural crude oil. In order to give full play to the enthusiasm of the central and two levels of government, seven large refineries and a large number of medium-sized refineries have been built mainly by the Ministry of Petroleum. By 1978, China's annual crude oil processing capacity will reach 929 1 10,000 tons, which is basically consistent with China's crude oil production scale. From 1966 to 1978, the crude oil output increased at an annual rate of 18.6%, and the annual output exceeded 18.6%. Starting from 1973, China also began to export crude oil to Japan and other countries, which brought a lot of foreign exchange for the country.
3. The petroleum industry has entered a new development period (1979 till now).
1978-65438+In February, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of China Producers' Party made a strategic decision to "shift the focus of the Party's work from 1979 to socialist modernization". There has been an unprecedented good situation on all fronts. After hard work, the broad masses of workers on the oil front overcame the serious difficulties brought about by the ten-year turmoil, and the oil industry has since entered a new peak of development.
Since 1970s, China's petroleum industry has developed rapidly, reaching 1978, exceeding 100 billion tons. Since then, the original output has once declined. In view of this situation, in order to solve the difficulty of insufficient funds for oil exploration and development, the central government decided to first implement the major decision of contracting out the original output of the whole oil industry of 654.38 billion tons and the measures of opening up and invigorating. This decision took effect quickly, and the national crude oil output increased from 1982 to 1985 year by year, reaching 654.38+25 million tons, ranking sixth in the world.
For the diversified development of China's petroleum industry, 1982 established China Offshore Oil Corporation, and 1983 established sinopec group in July. China Xinxing Petroleum Co., Ltd., the third largest state-owned oil company in China, was also established in June 1.997+0.5438. At this point, China petroleum and petrochemical industry has formed a new pattern of unity, cooperation and development of four companies.
At present, there are three major oil groups in China oil industry: China Oil and Gas Group, China Petrochemical Group and China Offshore Oil Group. In 200 1 year, the oil group's sales revenue was 341billion yuan, and the total profit was 53 billion yuan; The sales revenue of Petrochemical Group is 360 billion yuan, and the total profit is12810 million yuan; CNOOC's sales revenue was 30.38 billion yuan and its total profit was 9.6 billion yuan. Especially in recent years, with the promotion of "going out" strategy of oil companies, the asset scale, overseas influence and total profit of each company have been greatly improved. However, compared with the internationally renowned oil companies, there is a certain gap in the main operating indicators of China Oil Company.