There is a saying that Chiyou is Emperor Yan. Famous historians Xia Cengyou, Ding Shan and He all hold this view. It is mainly based on the fact that the "Hanquan" in the battle between Huangdi and Yandi recorded in Records of the Five Emperors and the "Zhuolu" in the battle between Huangdi and Chiyou are actually the same place. The original text of Biography of Five Emperors is:
At the time of Xuanyuan, Shennong's world declined, vassals invaded the people, and Shennong's fees were levied. Therefore, in order not to enjoy the war, Xuanyuan was used to fighting. Prince Xian Chibin obeyed. Chiyou is the most violent, so you can't cut it. Emperor Yan wanted to invade the princes of the mausoleum, and the princes returned the Xuanyuan with salt. Xuanyuan is Xiu De's magic weapon, ruling the Five Qi and Five Techniques, caressing all the people and spreading to all directions. Teach the bear to fight Emperor Yan in the wild of Hanquan, and then win his ambition. The rebellion of Chiyou didn't need the emperor's command, so the Yellow Emperor became a vassal of the micro-division, and fought against Chiyou in the land of Zhuolu, so the birds killed Chiyou, and the vassal respected Xuanyuan as the son of heaven, replacing Shennong as the Yellow Emperor. This passage records two wars. It can be seen that Emperor Yan and Chiyou are not the same person, but their accounts also overlap. In particular, later historical geographers verified the relationship between Zhuolu and Hanquan, which made people feel that the two wars were actually one. Its main basis is Zhu's record of Zhuoshui:
Zhuoshui comes out of Zhuolu Mountain, and the northeast flows through the south of Zhuolu County ... The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in the field of Zhuolu, leaving their people in the land of Zhuolu, that's all. Its water is in harmony with Hanquan in the northeast. Wei Di Zhi records that there is Zhuolu City 60 miles southeast of Lower luoquan and Hanquan in the east ... Jin Taikang Geography: Hanquan, also known as the place name, the spring water flows to the northeast and meets Chiyou Spring, and the water flows out of Chiyou City, which has no east. Wei Di Zhi records that there is Chiyou City in the six miles southeast of Zhuolu City. The spring water is deep and does not flow, but the rain is rainy.
On this basis, Ding Shan said, "Chiyou Spring is a branch of Sakamoto Spring, and Sakamoto Spring is a branch of Zhuoshui. Of course, the battle between (the Yellow Emperor) and Sakamoto Spring in Yan Di can be said to be the battle with Chiyou in Zhuolu. Therefore, the so-called Chi Di (or Emperor Yan) is indeed a human-god. This means that the two world wars are actually a world war, so Yan Di and Chiyou are the same person. Mr. Xia Cengyou said it earlier. In the history textbook of China compiled at the beginning of the 20th century, he pointed out that "Chiyou struggled to stand on his own feet and fought in the field of Zhuolu", and Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty also said that Yan Huang was fighting in the field of Zhuolu more than once. Comparing the biographies of the five emperors, we can see that "Chiyou and Yan Di are almost one person; Zhuolu, Hanquan, is a battle. " (Lv Simian's History of the Pre-Qin Dynasty). There is some truth in the examination films of three famous historians.
I think we can add some more material. Both Chiyou and Yan Di (Shennong) take cows as their totems. "Emperor Century" said: "Emperor Yan is the best man and is longer than Jiang Shui." The genealogy of the emperor reads: "the head of Shennong cattle", which is completely consistent with the totem image of Chiyou, who is also the head of a cow with sharp horns. According to Ren Fang's "Xu Yi Lu", Zhuolu is in Jizhou, and there is a god of human-god. As the saying goes, human-god has four eyes and six hands ... In the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was said that human-god had ears like a sword halberd and a horn on his head, so he fought with Xuanyuan, and his horn was out of reach. There is a famous Chiyou opera in Jizhou today, with people in twos and threes and horns, which cancel each other out. Korean criminals beat it and covered its legacy. This shows that Chiyou people take cows as totems, and so does Yandi (Shennong). They may be from the same tribe, or they may be the same person-the leader of the tribe. If Chiyou and Yan Di (Shennong) are regarded as collective nouns, the problem will be solved easily.
From ancient books, we can also find evidence that Chiyou and Yandi belong to the same family but not at the same time. For example, in the Southern Song Dynasty, Milo's "History of the Tao Quaternary": "Jiang Chiyou is a descendant of Emperor Yan." "Tibetan armor opens the mountain": "Chiyou, then Emperor Yan, and Shao Hao ruled the west." This can well explain the relationship between the two wars: First, the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Di tribe fought in the wild of Hanquan and won all three wars. Chiyou is a descendant of Emperor Yan. In order to avenge Emperor Yan, he fought the Yellow Emperor in Zhuolu. After the defeat, the leader was captured and killed, but some Chiyou people surrendered to the Yellow Emperor and became ministers. Therefore, Emperor Yan and Chiyou can be a family, but at the same time, there may be two wars with the Yellow Emperor, which are recorded in the history books.