The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Reform Movement of 1898, the Reform Movement and the Reform Movement, is a bourgeois reform movement represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in the late Qing Dynasty, which advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming politics and education systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce through Emperor Guangxu.
1898 reasons for the failure of the extended data reform movement:
1, the basic reason for the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 is that the bourgeois reformists are too weak, that is, the bourgeoisie is too weak; The die-hards represented by Cixi have real power and strength.
The old guard is very strong. At that time, the supreme leadership of the country was not in the hands of Emperor Guangxu, but in the hands of princes and ministers headed by the Western Empress Dowager. There are only a few reformers who have no real power. At first, the Western Empress Dowager instructed that "it is advisable to focus on western learning now", but when she felt that the reform touched her power and the interests of the nobles in the Qing Dynasty, she began to contain and suppress it.
3. Reformists lack strong organizational leadership and are divorced from the broad masses of the people. They only hope for the emperor and a few bureaucrats who have no real power, and even have unrealistic illusions about imperialism.
4. Some radical measures taken by the reformists and Emperor Guangxu in carrying out the reform. At the beginning of the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guangxu was dissatisfied with the self-restraint and contradiction of his teacher and military attache Weng Tonghe, so he returned to his hometown.
A large number of redundant staff were laid off, only in Beijing, involving more than ten idle yamen, and nearly 10 thousand people were unemployed, but no way out was arranged. Because Wang Zhao was blocked from writing letters, it was too hasty and heavy to recall six ministers at once.
Influence of later generations:
1 promoted the self-reform of the Qing government. /kloc-Eight-Nation Alliance invaded in 0/900, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an with Guangxu, which taught Cixi a painful lesson. After the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty", Empress Dowager Cixi ordered the implementation of the New Deal, including the training of the new army.
Abolish the imperial examination and establish a school; Reward private factories; Reform the legal system; Send five ministers to study abroad and prepare for constitutionalism; Establish advisory committees, advisory groups, etc. Some of these changes have gone beyond the content of the reform in that year.
2. It aroused people's resentment against the Manchu government and promoted the transformation of intellectuals from reform to revolution. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, the number of people who supported Sun Yat-sen's revolution increased, and many intellectuals who had illusions about the Qing government turned to revolutionaries.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Reform Movement of 1898