History and country of Bhutan

A brief history of Bhutan

Bhutan, located in the south fence of the Himalayas, is a landlocked country with a land area of over 46,000 square kilometers. Bhutan was part of the Tubo Empire in the 7th century and became an independent tribe in the 9th century. 1265165438+10 In October, Britain and Bhutan signed an unequal treaty, namely the Sinchula Treaty, which forced Bhutan to cede about 2,000 square kilometers east of the Tethyan River, including Kalumburg. /kloc-After the 0/2nd century, the Zhuba Kagyu Sect of Tibetan Buddhism gradually became the sect in charge of secular power. Since 1772, it has been invaded by Britain. The Kingdom of Bhutan was founded in 1907. 1910110 In October, Britain forced Bhutan to sign the Punaka Treaty, stipulating that Bhutan's foreign relations were "guided" by Britain. After India's independence, it signed the Treaty of Permanent Peace and Friendship with Bhutan in August 1949, stipulating that Bhutan's foreign relations should be "guided" by India. Since 196 1, the King of Bhutan has repeatedly stated publicly that he wants to safeguard the sovereignty and independence of the country. Bhutan joined the United Nations in 197 1, became a member of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1973 and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in 1985. Historically, Bhutan was a feudal kingdom ruled by monks and civilians. Since 1907, Bhutan has become a hereditary kingdom where the king is in charge of politics and religion.

Ethnic composition of Bhutan

Bhutan has 6.5438+0.26 million residents, of which 5% are urban residents, and the national average population density is 27 people per square kilometer. Most of the residents are concentrated in the southern and central basins, and the population in the northern mountainous areas is extremely sparse. Expatriates from Nepal, China, Sikkim and Assam account for a considerable proportion of Bhutanese nationals. The annual natural population growth rate is 2.3 1%. 1950- 1978 National population growth 1 17%. Bodhiya (also known as Zongka, a dialect of Tibetan) is the official language of Bhutan, and the literary language is Tibetan based on Lhasa dialect. The use of Tibetan is only accompanied by special supplementary symbols. Other ethnic groups in Bhutan use their own languages. The vast majority of residents believe in Lamaism (red religion). There are about 200 temples in China with about 5,000 male and female lamas. Bhutan is a multi-ethnic country. About 65 residents are locals. They are Bodhi, Davra, Miri, Mishmi and Lepcha. Their language belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family. On the racial type, it belongs to Mongolian race and South Asian type. Another 20% of the residents are Nepalese immigrants. They are Gulong people, Lai artists and Limbu people. Their language families and ethnic types are the same as those of the locals. The languages of other residents belong to Indo-European Indo-language family, and their national characteristics belong to Pamir type of Europa. There are 765,000 Butians, who are distributed in the whole north-central region and are related to Tibetans in China in language and culture. They are divided into three branches and speak three different dialects. Bodhi people in western Bhutan, also known as pure Bhutanese, are the largest group. They are related to the Bodhi people in Sikkim, and the Zongka (Bhutanese) they speak is actually a Tibetan dialect similar to the Tibetan language in eastern China. The other two Bodhi people are distributed in the northeast and north. One of them speaks Lobaka dialect and the other speaks Tomoka dialect. Bodhi people in the Central Valley live on agriculture, mainly planting rice, wheat, vegetables and fruits. The northern alpine region lives on animal husbandry, grazing yaks, goats, sheep and horses. In the eastern border area bordering Tibet, there are 20,000 Dawula people, 0.5 million Miri people/kloc-0, and 0.5 million Mishmi people/kloc-0. They live by nomadism. There are 6,543,800 Leibucha people, who are distributed in the western border area bordering Sikkim. They are mainly engaged in agriculture and grow early rice, corn and buckwheat. There are 200,000 Gulong people and 65,438+500,000 Linbu people. They are immigrants from Nepal at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, mainly distributed in the southwest of black mountain range, which is near the border with Nepal. Lai 15000 people, distributed in Durkheim province. They all make a living by farming and grow rice, wheat and so on. In southern Bhutan, there are 65,438+070,000 Assamese, 65,438+000 Bihar and 65,438+000 Bangladeshis. And five thousand Santas.