1, the deepening of the national crisis. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, major capitalist countries in the world, such as Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Russia, Austria, Italy and Japan, entered the stage of imperialism one after another, so they stepped up their aggression against backward countries and regions, and western powers took the opportunity to set off a frenzy of aggression against China. The vast China is divided into "spheres of influence" of the great powers, and the whole country is in a state of division.

2. A new crisis has emerged in the border areas of China. With the signing of treaty of shimonoseki, China suffered land cession, compensation and a lot of loss of sovereignty. The fiasco of the Sino-Japanese War accelerated the process of semi-colonization of China society. The critical situation of national subjugation and extinction forced some advanced China people to start looking for new ways to save the country and the people.

Second, nature.

The nature of the Reform Movement of 1898 was actually a top-down bourgeois reform movement, but some people think this is the most official explanation. Historians believe that the nature of the Reform Movement of 1898 is actually controversial. Some people think that the nature of the Reform Movement of 1898 was a social revolution and an incomplete bourgeois revolution, but the result of the revolution was only failure.

Third, the purpose.

Learn western culture, science and technology and management system, develop capitalism, establish a constitutional monarchy, and make the country rich and strong.

Fourth, time.

The implementation of 1898 starts from June 1 1 and ends on September 2 1.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) meaning

1 shook the political order of the Qing Dynasty and even China, and hit the feudal bureaucrats to some extent.

2. Establish the status of western theories, western values and western standards.

3. The emergence of new intellectuals is conducive to bourgeois intellectuals' participation in politics.

4. It has played the role of ideological enlightenment in society.

Sixth, the impact

1, the theory of reform is more deeply rooted in people's hearts. It is generally believed that there is no way out without change. Change is a common sense at all times, at home and abroad, and China should also undergo great changes and complete changes.

2. Democratic ideas spread further. Reformists only dare to talk about "civil rights" and admit that the people have the right to participate in managing politics, but they dare not talk about "democracy" and refuse to admit that the people are the masters of the country and society. After the Reform Movement of 1898, the democratic trend of thought was fully developed.

3. Set off a new wave of seeking the truth of saving the country from the West. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, more young people went abroad to study, more western theories were translated into China, and China's ideological circle became more active.

Seven. Content:

Write a book and make a statement; Establish a learning school; Running newspapers and holding debates; A series of decrees have been promulgated, mainly including: reforming government institutions, abolishing redundant staff and appointing reform talents. Encourage private enterprises to set up industrial and mining enterprises, set up new schools, spread new ideas, set up newspapers and periodicals, speak freely and train new troops.

The basic reasons for the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 are: the strength of the bourgeois reformists is too weak, that is, the weakness of the bourgeoisie; The die-hards represented by Cixi have real power and strength.

The Reform Movement of 1898 was not only a political change, but also an ideological emancipation movement and a bourgeois cultural movement. During the Reform Movement, the reformists vigorously spread the social, political and natural science knowledge of the western bourgeoisie, publicized the concepts of natural human rights, freedom and equality, criticized the feudal monarchy, and violently impacted the old and decadent wine culture.

The debate among Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Yan Fu and Tan Sitong attracted a large number of intellectuals, and the evolutionary thought conveyed by The Theory of Evolution played an enlightening role in the academic circles. While the Reform Movement opposed old learning, advocated new learning, criticized middle schools and advocated western learning, new ideological content and new situation created new situations in many ideological and cultural fields.

"Poetry Revolution", "Style Revolution", "Novel Revolution" and "Drama Improvement" have formed a wide range of literary and artistic innovation movements. The Reform Movement of 1898 was of great significance to the bourgeois enlightenment. On the other hand, from it, bourgeois culture greatly broke the situation that feudal culture monopolized cultural positions and gradually developed into the mainstream of culture.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Reform Movement of 1898