1, the family is scattered and the scale of operation is too small to form economies of scale.
Since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in rural areas of China, the rural social productive forces have developed rapidly, and the rural landscape has undergone earth-shaking changes. However, with the in-depth development of China's market economy, the limitations of the household contract responsibility system itself have gradually emerged. Many production and business activities in modern society are closely related to economies of scale.
Farmers can't dispose of their land freely, which limits their freedom to choose jobs.
China rural collective economic system. Rural land belongs to collective ownership, and farmers only have the right to use the land, but have no ownership. Therefore, farmers have no right to dispose of their land freely.
3, rural infrastructure construction is difficult, and the long-term cost of agricultural production is high.
In China's rural collective economy, the construction of infrastructure such as farmland water conservancy is carried out by collective organizations. Because on the one hand, farmers' personal ability is limited and they are unable to carry out large-scale infrastructure construction alone; On the other hand, rural infrastructure is a public product. Under public ownership, private construction does not conform to the principles of economics.
4. The decentralized management of small family fields is not conducive to the improvement of agricultural science and technology level.
The development and modernization of modern agriculture cannot be separated from the progress of agricultural science and technology. In developed agricultural countries, most of their agricultural development fully considers the popularization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. They made full use of new science and technology, developed rural irrigation, popularized mechanization, popularized biotechnology and improved farming methods, which greatly improved agricultural productivity.
5. The decentralized management of small family fields increases the management cost of agricultural production.
With the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, farmers have the right to freely arrange their own production activities. Although the cultivation time of crops in the same area is basically the same, there are also differences.
Extended data:
The positive significance of household contract responsibility system;
The household contract responsibility system has changed the old rural management system, liberated rural productive forces and mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for production and management.
As far as the whole country is concerned, the level of agricultural development is relatively low, mainly manual labor, which is not suitable for large-scale operation. Business units are divided into small families to adapt to the production level of manual labor.
It turns out that collective labor under large-scale operation (before the reform, production teams were the basic production and business units in rural areas, and farmers' labor scores were assessed at the end of the year) is difficult to accurately count the quantity and quality of everyone's labor, so it must be an egalitarian "big pot", and taking families as economic units can overcome egalitarianism of doing more and doing less.
The objects of labor in agricultural production are animals, plants and other creatures. This feature of the working object requires workers to have a stronger sense of responsibility, and taking the family as the business unit is helpful to realize this requirement. Therefore, the household contract responsibility system makes agricultural production and rural economy flourish.
The implementation of the household contract responsibility system has liberated China's rural productive forces, initiated the second golden age in the history of China's agricultural development, and fully reflected the superiority of socialist public ownership. The total grain output increased from 659.5 billion Jin in 1978 to 2019.4 million tons. China agriculture feeds 22% of the world's population with 7% of the world's arable land.
The development of agriculture has also laid a solid foundation for the development of the national economy. Moreover, due to the internal promotion of interests, household contract management "not only adapts to traditional agriculture with manual labor as the mainstay, but also adapts to modern agriculture with advanced science and technology and means of production", thus promoting the modernization of agriculture in China.
In a word, the basic policy of long-term stability in rural areas put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee is completely correct.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Household Contract Responsibility System