Jilin's ancient buildings are inherited from ancient times, and also have the characteristics of ritual system, artistic decoration and traditional folk culture, especially the decorative art of ancient buildings is local representative. There are very few ancient buildings preserved in Jilin. There are temple buildings and residential buildings, but these buildings inherited the form of ancient Chinese architecture, especially in architectural decoration, which reflected the historical and cultural features at that time and had obvious local characteristics. Let's take a look at the architectural style of Jilin! As an important part of Chinese civilization, the ancient buildings in China have experienced thousands of years of cultural accumulation and development. From caves and nests to temples and palaces with carved beams and painted buildings, architecture not only provides places for human beings to live, multiply and engage in social activities, but also witnesses every step of the development of human civilization. In the ancient city of Jilin, for hundreds of years, it has not only been a place for generations of Jilin people to live and engage in social activities, but also recorded the glory and prosperity of this unique border city. There are very few ancient buildings preserved in Jilin. There are temple buildings and residential buildings, but these buildings inherit the form of ancient Chinese architecture, especially in architectural decoration, reflect the historical and cultural features at that time, have obvious local characteristics, and also leave some design ideas in the design and production of craftsmen, which provide us with the most valuable physical materials for studying the aesthetics and design methods at that time.

1. The decoration of ancient buildings in Jilin has local characteristics.

Jilin area is the hometown of Manchu in Qing Dynasty and the birthplace of Qing Dynasty. In the past 300 years, architecture has been developing continuously, and because of the coexistence of Han, Mongolian and Korean, it has influenced each other in architecture and added a lot of content. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a general in Jilin who was the supreme ruler. With capital, each has its own operation. Because of political reasons, it has increased economic prosperity, so it has brought the style of the capital to the architecture of Jilin. Compared with other places, local buildings retain some local characteristics. Most of the temple buildings were built in the Qing Dynasty, which is similar to the architectural style of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the tradition of hometown, ancient dwellings also have some characteristics of Beijing quadrangles. Most of the houses that have been preserved now are houses built by local squires and eunuchs after returning to their hometowns for retirement. Therefore, these buildings have obvious regional characteristics. Jilin ancient buildings have local characteristics in the use of architectural decorative colors. The overall application of color is rich, which is in obvious contrast with the monotonous decorative art color of ancient buildings in Jilin Province, which has been studied by local cold vegetation for a long time. It highlights the aesthetic function of architecture.

2. The hierarchical concept of Jilin ancient architecture decoration

The concept of hierarchy in architecture is a major feature of ancient architecture in China. The core of the "ritual" system in Confucianism is patriarchal clan system and hierarchical system, which emphasizes the formation of a hierarchical relationship between people and groups. In architecture, it is manifested as: consciously distinguishing people's grades in architectural form to maintain the order of class society. There are strict regulations on the space, decoration and color of traditional buildings, which should conform to the etiquette system, from which we can see the design basis of ancient craftsmen and artists. Sculptures and colors in the decoration of ancient buildings in Jilin not only provide functions and aesthetics, but also show people the hierarchical concept in feudal etiquette.

(1) Grades of roofs and animals

The number of roofs reflects the concept of hierarchy. Buildings with multiple ridges have a higher level, and the highest is nine ridges. On the corner ridge, there is a row of ceramic tiles carved in the shape of animals called beasts. In the Qing dynasty, there were strict regulations on the grade, size, parity, quantity and order of animals. Generally, the odd numbers of three, five, seven and nine are used, and the odd numbers are homophonic and auspicious. The higher the level, the more quantity. Most of the animals in the existing ancient buildings in Jilin come from temple buildings, but the folk houses are rarely used. Up to five animals, such as Dacheng Hall of Jilin Confucian Temple and main hall of Guanyin Ancient Temple in Jilin. At least one, such as the East and West Gate of Jilin Confucian Temple; Others use three, and at least four, such as the three beasts on Dacheng Gate of Jilin Confucian Temple.

(2) the grade of architectural color

The color of architecture is also endowed with class content. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the color grades of buildings were very strict and distinct, with glazed tiles being the highest, followed by green, blue, purple, black and white, with different uses. The white abutment, red walls and yellow tiles of the royal building echo the blue sky and green trees, forming a strong contrast of primary colors. Warm buildings and cool paintings under the eaves form a contrast between cold and warm colors, forming a magnificent color style. The white-walled, gray-tiled and green chestnut beams of residential buildings are in sharp contrast with the natural environment, showing the natural, simple, beautiful and elegant style of residential buildings. The color style of ancient buildings in Jilin inherited the tone of Qing Dynasty, and there were obvious color differences between temples and folk houses.

(3) the grade of architectural decorative color painting

Hexi color painting is the highest level of color painting mode since the Qing Dynasty, with dragons and phoenixes as patterns, symbolizing the imperial power above. The color painting of Guandi Temple in Longtan Mountain, Jilin City will change the pattern of Hexi color painting, which is a degenerate variant of Hexi color painting applied to the people. Residential color painting originated from the official gold thread Suzhou painting, with blue and green as the main colors, and a large number of techniques such as draining powder and pasting gold were used, which revealed a strong atmosphere in solemnity.

3. The decoration of ancient buildings in Jilin has traditional folk culture.

China people are good at expressing some ideas in architecture, and there are many traditional folk stories and people's yearning for a better life in architectural decoration. When people decorate buildings, they often use symbols and metaphors to hint people's design intentions with some auspicious patterns. Many auspicious patterns have reached a high level in architectural decoration, and spreading folk culture in this way has great depth and breadth.

Take hanging fish decoration as an example. Hanging fish is a decorative object decorated on the top of the gable of a building. It is an image symbol with rich cultural connotation, and it is an image model that has a demonstration effect on officials' honest behavior, hanging high above the main building of Yamen. Some people explain that the wooden structure is afraid of fire and there is a fish hanging on it. Where there is fish, there is water, and water can put out fires, so hanging fish is a symbol of water. On the historical and cultural level, although this explanation is reasonable, it is slightly superficial compared with the latter allusion. The story of hanging fish tells that there was a satrap named Yang Jian in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his subordinate Fu Cheng once gave him fish to eat. He didn't hurt Fu Cheng's face, so Yang Xu quietly accepted it, but he didn't buy it. Instead, hang the fish in public as a living notice not to send money or gifts again. Later, it evolved into architectural decoration and was placed at the top of the main building of Yamen. It is not only a symbol of officials advocating honesty, but also a symbol of the people to officials. Hanging fish is the most common decoration in ancient buildings in Jilin, but it has been decorated in other buildings by later generations. Word-of-mouth stories prove from one side that ancient architecture culture is also an important carrier of traditional folk culture.

The decoration of ancient buildings in Jilin is just a drop of water in the building. In the great river of ancient buildings in China, there are still many spiritual spaces and artistic languages containing the Millennium heritage, momentum, charm and charm of Chinese civilization, many of which have been used by later generations and used in current architecture and other artistic designs. In fashion design, some designers use architectural decorative symbols. The "Floating Forbidden City" designed by China fashion designer Hu takes the Forbidden City architecture as an element, showing the splendid cultural tradition and elegant demeanor of the Chinese nation. Many artists spread this highly spiritual culture overseas, such as auspicious culture, geomantic culture, pagoda culture and memorial archway culture. Spread to Japan, Singapore, Malaysia and some European countries. These are all traditional cultures worthy of our study and development. While bringing us pride, she also interprets the aesthetic happiness of contemporary people and expresses a brand-new attitude of cultural development returning to the East.

4. Representatives of ancient buildings in Jilin: Changbai Lingguang Pagoda, Great Wall, Jilin Confucian Temple, etc.

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