Shang Dynasty, also known as Yin Shang, is the second dynasty in the history of China and the first dynasty in China with direct written records of the same period. Shang Tang, the leader of Shang tribe in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, led the vassal states to be destroyed in the battle of Mingtiao, and established the Shang Dynasty in Bo (now Shangqiu). After that, the capital of Shang Dynasty moved frequently until its descendant Pan Geng moved to Yin (now Anyang) and established the capital of Yin for 273 years, so Shang Dynasty was also called Yin or Yin Shang.

The Shang Dynasty experienced three main stages. The first stage is "the first venture"; The second stage is "early business"; The third stage was the "Late Shang Dynasty", which lasted about 600 years from 17 to 3 1 Wang. Di Xin, the last monarch, set himself on fire after being defeated by Zhou Wuwang in the battle of Makino.

The excavation of Yin Ruins confirmed the existence of Shang Dynasty in China. The Shang Dynasty was in the heyday of slavery, and slave owners and nobles were the ruling classes, forming a huge bureaucratic ruling institution and army. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen are the earliest systematic characters in China.