There have been different opinions about the origin of ninja. According to the existing mainstream view, the peasants in the lower class use various tools-mainly transformed from farm tools-to complete various tasks for the lords and achieve various purposes. In the long-term process, a considerable number of farmers have become ninjas engaged in various espionage activities, such as secret tactics, sabotage, assassination, collecting enemy frontline information, disturbing enemy reserve bases, and so on. These ninjas were ordered by different lords at different times and places, and some were independent forces. It is recorded in the Secret Book of Ninjutsu that Shoto Kutaishi (from the end of 5th century to the beginning of 6th century) was surrounded by a ninja named Da Companion. And this is the earliest record of ninja. At that time, ninjas were called "wills are convenient." In the years that followed, ninjas also had the names of "scout", "random wave", "encounter", "Fang Hui" and "Mufu". The word "ninja" was defined from the Edo period.
As for the specific origin time of ninja, no one can assert it. To be sure, the ninja has been influenced by China since its birth.
Some people think that Ninjutsu was first put forward by Jiang Taigong and Lv Wang. The idea of Ninjutsu recorded in the authoritative work Wan Hai originated in China during the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, and was perfected by Sun Wu, Han Xin and others, forming the original theory of Ninjutsu. It is particularly noteworthy that Sun Tzu's Art of War is also respected by the ninja class in later generations. After Ninjutsu was introduced to Japan, the theoretical basis of Ninjutsu from China was combined with the skills of practicing Daoism and ambush warfare in the mountains, resulting in Ninjutsu and Ninjutsu, a special profession unique to Japan.
On the other hand, Ninjutsu was developed from the Five Elements of Han Dynasty in China, which was introduced to Japan. Like karate and judo, Ninjutsu originated in China and developed in Japan.
These are just strategic origins. In fact, the most essential, core and top purpose of ninja cultivation is not for war, but more importantly, to achieve harmony and unity with nature. At the same time, in order to enlighten yourself. So most ninjas practice tantra. Tantric Buddhism originated in the southwest of India and Deccan Plateau, and then spread to the south and northeast of India. With Chaojie Temple as the center, it developed rapidly with the support of the Polo Dynasty. Later spread to China. In the 20th year of Tang Zhenyuan (804), Master Kong Hai, a Japanese monk, came to Tang to learn the Dharma, and Master Hui Guo taught two secret methods, namely the diamond realm and the fetal hiding realm, at Shenglong Temple in Chang 'an. After returning to China three years later, he spread Tantric Buddhism around the East Temple in Ping 'an (now Kyoto), and built Jingangfeng Temple in Gao Yanei as the "fundamental Dojo" for missionary work, and founded the True Word Sect, which mainly spread Tantric Buddhism in Jingangjie, also known as "Dongmi".
There is a theory that Japanese monk Kubo went to study in Datang and got the true biography of Tantric Buddhism in Tiantai Mountain. Later, he introduced the "nine-character mantra" into Japan, which became the mental method of ninja cultivation.
Steve hayes, a modern American ninja, pointed out in Shadow of Iga that after the decline of the Tang Dynasty, a large number of traveling monks, military commanders and literati fled to Japan and became the backbone of Japanese society. At the same time, they also brought the advanced science and technology, culture and arts and various martial arts of the Tang Dynasty to Japan. These people laid the cornerstone of Ninjutsu.
This statement is not unreasonable. The relationship between Japan and China has been developing since the evil Matthew national era. In the following years, Japan maintained various contacts with China. There is a strong evidence to prove this point, that is, Hattori Shimada Hanzo Zhengfang, known as "Ghost Shimada Hanzo".
(1542 ~ 1596), whose real name is Qin, was originally from Fujian, China. In Japanese history, Hattori Shimada Hanzo is a person who can't be ignored. According to legend, he once realized the true meaning of forbearance and reached a level that other generations of ninjas could not reach. And he is also one of the sixteen generals in Tokugawa.
Speaking of Hattori, Shimada Hanzo and Cheng Zheng, we must mention "crossing the river with Iga". 1582, Tokugawa Ieyasu was invited by his ally nobunaga to swim by the river. When Tokugawa Ieyasu swam to Osaka Prefecture, the famous "change of Beneng Temple" happened, Akechi Mitsuhide rebelled and Nobunobu died in Benye Temple in Kyoto. Tokugawa Ieyasu got a quick report in Fan Shengshan. At first, he wanted to commit suicide by caesarean section. Later, after being persuaded by the retainer, he turned to revenge ODA. However, at this time, there are only eighty guards and waiters around him. Without the protection of the landlord Nobuyuki ODA, as Nobuyuki ODA's childhood friend and ally, his situation is very bad. After consulting with all the ministers, Tokugawa Ieyasu returned home by way of. Because he had to pass through Iga on the way, Shimada Hanzo, Hattori, who was present, used his hometown to summon 200 Iga ninjas and 100 Aga ninjas to secretly escort him along the way, which made Tokugawa Ieyasu escape from Fansheng Mountain to Baizi Port in Ise Bay, and then take a boat to Gaobin Port in Aichi Prefecture for 96 kilometers.
Although at that time, Akechi Mitsuhide panicked because he couldn't find Nobuyoshi Oda's body, and lost the opportunity to seize the country. However, as an important official, he should know that Tokugawa Ieyasu was near the river and made a plan to assassinate Tokugawa Ieyasu before the rebellion. After all, Tokugawa Ieyasu is closely related to Nobunaga, and its territory is adjacent to Nobunaga's territory, occupying a very important strategic position.
The ninja's protection of Tokugawa Ieyasu is also a reward. Nonobunaga Oda besieged Iga Ninja with only 2000 people with tens of thousands of troops in the second Tianzheng Iga rebellion in158/kloc-0. Under the leadership of Xinyi Kazuo, Xinyi Kazuo rushed out of the tight encirclement and fled to various countries. Most of them fled to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Later, after establishing the shogunate in Tokugawa Ieyasu, he ordered Shimada Hanzo in Hattori to form the "Iga Concentric Group" to command many ninjas to perform tasks such as maintaining social order.
This example fully illustrates the close relationship between ninja and Daming. This is a matter of life and death. Whether for the Tokugawa shogunate or the future "Iga Tongxin Group".
Many ninjas are always attached to big names, with low status and poor life. No official career. To celebrities, they are just killing machines. At this point, Hattori Shimada Hanzo's official career is the most magnanimous, and he also avoided a tragic death like a ninja-after all, he can be regarded as a warrior who is proficient in spears rather than ninjas, and he saved Tokugawa Ieyasu's life. But until his death, he only had a salary of 8000 stones. At that time, the salary of any soldier could be 65438+ million stones. But compared with other famous names, Tokugawa Ieyasu has given Hattori Shimada Hanzo enough. And more ninjas don't have these rewards. They can only rely on their gloves transformed with farm tools and their own wisdom to complete the task. This is also the reason why many ninja skills are lost-only users know how to use ninjas that look like farm tools.
Nobunaga's suspicion of Iga Ninja is justified. Iga, as the gathering place of the three great ninjas, has many sects and powerful forces. At that time, under the leadership of Bai Di Danbo, Iga had become an independent force that could not be ignored.
At that time, ninjas had developed into a group system. Most of them live in remote areas, far away from ordinary towns, and become independent forces separated from the royal family, shogunate and generals. In a ninja group, it is usually divided into upper tolerance, middle tolerance and lower tolerance 3J. Among them, Ren Shang is hereditary and the leader of a faction, who is usually only responsible for the development of this faction. There are many forbearance under forbearance. Ren Zhong is responsible for formulating specific action plans and conveying Ren Shang's instructions. And what really carries out various tasks is a lot of forbearance.
From the perspective of division of labor, ninjas can be classified according to specific skills. Such as "Intelligence Ninja". These ninja groups have a close organizational relationship. They have their own unique endurance and style. Ninjutsu in our school is usually taught only to our children. From the age of three to five, these children begin to receive strict physical and mental training including strength, agility, speed, endurance and balance. During these trainings, students are in danger of bleeding or even death at any time. For example, when training agility, trainees must quickly cross a narrow and tortuous corridor with swords hanging on the wall. If you are not careful, you will end up with a sword through your heart. It is these physical and spiritual practices that give ninjas extraordinary abilities.
But none of this has changed the tragic fate of ninjas.
Although the status of ninja is extremely low, it is indispensable for all famous soldiers. "Jia Feihu" Takeda Shingen is a famous figure who likes to use ninjas very much. He secretly collected and organized a group of ninjas to serve him. His relationship with the ninja is even darker because of the story of "Figato".
Kato Duanzang (whose life and death are unknown), known as "Feikato" in folk stories, is an excellent ninja who is good at illusion. In order to be an official, he served the merchant at first, but because of his excellent skills, the merchant became suspicious and wanted to kill him. Kato saw through Kenshin's plot and escaped in time. Takeda Shingen, the tiger of Jia Fei, was appointed as the military adviser.
One day, Takeda Shingen watched his performance with other ministers, which made him jump over a 3-foot fence and secretly put thorns under the wall, hoping to see his jokes. Unexpectedly, he noticed something strange in the air after jumping over the wall, but he jumped back to the wall.
This is an eye-opener for everyone. However, when Yasuke Yamamoto asked Takeda Shingen whether to hire Kato Duanzang, Takeda Shingen's answer was "cut off contacts". So Kato was given a banquet. Kato, who was absorbed in his career, got carried away, thinking that Takeda Shingen would accept him, and could not help but take it lightly. When he was drunk, the man with a knife lying in wait outside the door rushed in and killed him. A talented ninja died like this.