The failure of King Ahasuerus is recorded in the Bible as one of the backgrounds of the Book of Esther. The Book of Esther is a volume in the Old Testament, which mainly tells the story that Esther, a Jewish woman, saved the Jewish people from danger after becoming the queen of King Ahasuerus, king of Persia. Before the Book of Esther, some books recorded that Jews were forced to be exiled to Babylon and lived in Persia, including Daniel and Ezra. The failure of King Ahasuerus is a period of history in which the Persian dynasty gradually revived after Babylon captured Judah. This matter is also involved in the book of Esther, and has an influence on the behavior of Esther and her cousin Mordecai. Therefore, the failure of King Ahasuerus recorded in the Bible may be to reflect Esther's historical background and related historical events more truly. At the same time, it also enables readers to better understand the historical background and challenges faced by Esther and her actions.