Current location - Music Encyclopedia - Chinese History - What was the naval strength of China during the Republic of China? Be specific!
What was the naval strength of China during the Republic of China? Be specific!
On the basis of the navy in the late Qing dynasty, a navy was established, which was under the command of the provisional government of the Republic of China, followed by the Beiyang government and the National Government. 19 1 1 (in the third year of Qing Dynasty) After the Wuchang Uprising, the Qing government's naval patrol and the ships belonging to the Yangtze River Fleet revolted one after another, and on this basis, the navy of the Republic of China was established. Its development process can be divided into two stages. 1912 ~1912110. In October, the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, with the Ministry of the Navy and Ren Haijun as the chief commander of the Second Ren Haijun and commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition. In April, the interim government moved its capital to Beijing and added the commander-in-chief of the navy. Liu Guanxiong was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and Huang Zhongying was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. By July of the following year, it was compiled into 1, the 2 nd fleet and the training fleet. * * * has more than 40 ships with a total displacement of about 40,000 tons. Some adjustments were made to the main naval schools in the late Qing Dynasty: Jiangnan Naval Academy was changed to Nanjing Naval Academy; Fuzhou ship administration school is divided into manufacturing school and Mawei naval school; Yantai Naval Academy and Guangdong Naval Academy were changed to Yantai Naval Academy and Guangdong Naval Academy respectively; Turn the naval training camp into a naval training camp. 1912 ~1913 years, Jiangnan Wharf, Dagu Wharf and Fuzhou Shipping Bureau were successively placed under the jurisdiction of the Admiralty. 19 14 12. The Ministry of the Navy changed the Navy Guard to the Marine Corps (battalion). 19 15, the Wusong Merchant Shipping School, which was taken over by the Admiralty, merged with Nanjing Naval Academy and was renamed Wusong Naval Academy. 19 17 In July, navy chief Cheng Biguang and fleet commander Lin Baoyu led seven ships, including Hai Qi, from Wusong, and the cruiser Haichen, which arrived in Guangzhou in advance, together with two ships originally stationed in Guangdong and the cruiser Zhao He, which arrived in Guangdong later, were divided into Beiyang government navy and Guangzhou revolutionary government navy.

Beiyang government navy 19 17 July, the cabinet of Beiyang government was reorganized, with Liu Guanxiong Ren Haijun as the chief and Rao Huaiwen as the chief. The ships that stayed in Beiyang were reorganized into 1, the 2nd Fleet and the training fleet, and their main activities were in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Fujian waters. In 65438+February, the office of the commander-in-chief of the navy was changed to the office of the commander-in-chief of the navy. 19 18 1, the Naval Aircraft Engineering Department was established in Fuzhou Maritime Bureau and later renamed as the Naval Aircraft Manufacturing Department; In April, the art school was changed to a naval diving school. The first seaplane was built in 19 19 (by1937 * *, more than 20 were built). 1965438+In July 2009, the Ministry of the Navy established the Heihe Defense Preparation Office in Harbin. In May of the following year, it was changed to the Jihe River Defense Agency, and eight ships, including Jiang Heng, formed the Jihe River Defense Fleet. 1April, 922, the defense fleet of Jihe River was controlled by Fengtian. In the first direct service war, the navy helped direct service against direct service. 1 In June, 923, the Marine Corps was expanded into a temporary Marine Corps in Fujian1Huncheng Brigade. 1In March, 924, the Bohai Fleet was established in northern Guangdong by ships such as Haiqi. In the same year, Xiamen Wharf was placed under the Admiralty. 1 in March, 927, Yang Shuzhuang, commander-in-chief of the navy1,the 2nd Fleet and the Training Fleet announced that they had left the Beiyang government and joined the National Revolutionary Army. Soon, the Bohai Fleet was annexed by Feng Jun. At this point, the Beiyang government navy collapsed. Guangzhou Revolutionary Government Navy1917 In September, the military government of the Republic of China was established in Guangzhou, with Cheng Biguang and Ren Haijun as the chief executive and Lin Baoyu as the chief executive. The ships in the south were incorporated into the Guardian Fleet, and the ships in Guangdong were incorporated into the Jiang Fang Fleet, which was under the jurisdiction of Jiang Fang Command. 19 18 In July, the presidential military government was established, with Lin Baoyu as the chairman of the government, the minister of the navy and the commander-in-chief of the navy. 1920165438+10 In October, Sun Yat-sen reorganized the military government and appointed Tang Tingguang as Minister of the Navy. Ren Lin Yongmo is the commander of the fleet and the acting commander-in-chief of the navy. 192 1 may, the government of the Republic of China was established in Guangzhou, and Tang remained the minister of Ren Haijun. 1April, 922, the conflict between Fujian and Shandong naval factions intensified, and some ships planned to return to the north. Sun Yat-sen, the very president, ordered the recovery of Guangdong naval warships, with Wen Shude as commander-in-chief Ren Haijun and Chen Ce as commander-in-chief of the river defense. In June, Chen Jiongming defected and the navy was controlled by Chen. 1923 March, Marshal Lu Haijun's base camp was established in Guangzhou, with Chen Ce as commander of coastal defense, Yang Tingpei as commander of coastal defense and Wen Shude as commander of fleet. In February of 65438, Wen was bought by Beiyang government and led six ships, including Haiqi, from Shantou to Qingdao. 1May, 924, the base camp organized "Eagle" and other ships stationed in Guangdong as a training fleet, which was ordered by Pan Rensi and under the command of the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army. 1925 In July, the National Government was established in Guangzhou, and the Military Commission established the Naval Bureau. 1927 In March, Yang Shuzhuang, commander-in-chief of the navy of Beiyang government, led his troops to participate in the national revolution and was appointed commander-in-chief of the navy of the National Revolutionary Army. Immediately, the command post department cooperated with the Northern Expeditionary Army to capture Songhu and Nanjing, and then fought with the Bohai Fleet many times from Wusong to Shandong coast. In September, torpedo guerrillas were established. So far, the National Government Navy has four fleets, with a total of 44 ships, with a total displacement of more than 30,000 tons. 1928 In February, the Marine Corps established the 2nd Huncheng Brigade and formally established the Marine Corps Command. Xuan also downsized two mixed brigades into two independent brigades. In 65438+February, the Ministry of Military and Political Affairs established the Navy Department.

After the Northeast Navy was defeated in the first direct service war, Zhang set up the Air Police Department, 1922, in August in the security headquarters of the three northeastern provinces, to take charge of the Jihe River defense fleet and prepare for the construction of the coastal defense fleet. 1923 In June, Huludao established the Aviation Police School. 1924, the northeast coastal defense fleet was established, based on Zhenhai and other four ships. Jiang Hai Defence Headquarters was established in Fengtian (now Shenyang), with Shen Honglie as the commander in chief. 10, the northeast jianghai defense headquarters was reorganized into the northeast naval command, with Shen Honglie as the commander. 1926165438+10 Since October, the Northeast Naval Command has taken over the Bohai Fleet. 1June, 927, it was renamed the Northeast Navy General Command, with Zhang as Commander-in-Chief, Deputy Commander-in-Chief and Acting Commander-in-Chief, and the three fleets of Haiphong and Bohai merged into the Northeast Joint Fleet. Zhang organized an government, appointed Zhang Zongchang as commander-in-chief of the navy, and reorganized the Northeast Joint Fleet into 1 and the Second Fleet and the Jihei River Defense Fleet. 1 in July, 928, Zhang Xueliang was appointed as the commander-in-chief of northeast security and the commander-in-chief of navy, and the fleets of anguojun were renamed as1,the 2nd fleet of northeast coastal defense and Jiang Fang fleet, which governed 26 ships, including sea riders, with a total displacement of nearly 20,000 tons.

1929 ~ 1949 In April, the National Government expanded the Admiralty of the Ministry of Military and Political Affairs into Admiralty, with Yang Shu Zhuang Ren as Minister and Chen Shaokuan as Deputy Minister of Government Affairs. 1, the 2nd Fleet, the training fleet, the torpedo guerrilla and reconnaissance team, the patrol team and the air force have about 50 units directly under them, with a total displacement of nearly 35,000 tons. The fleet of Northeast Haiphong 1 2 was compiled into the Third Fleet (it was not implemented, but it was formally compiled into the naval establishment sequence on July 5, 1933 and renamed as the Third Fleet), and it was still under the command of the Northeast Frontier Force. The ships left in Guangdong during the Northern Expedition were organized into the Fourth Fleet, which was under the jurisdiction of the Guangdong Provincial Government. In July, the Middle East Road incident occurred, and the northeast Jiang Fang fleet was destroyed by the Soviet Union's Heilongjiang fleet by 5 ships, and sank by 2 ships. The Jiang Fang fleet was basically wiped out. Following 1927' s establishment of the Naval Aviation Department in Shanghai, the Admiralty established the Xiamen Naval Aviation Department in June 1923. 1933, the two places merged in Xiamen, called the Naval Aviation Department, which was responsible for the flight training of naval aviation, and supervised and commanded its aviation teams, aviation factories and aviation education institutions. In the same period, the Ministry of the Navy focused on rectification: adjusting the organization and unifying the establishment; Promulgate various laws and regulations and improve laws and regulations; Dismantling, building and refitting of ships (19 12 ~ 1937, * * * building 5 1 all types of flat-sea cruisers with displacement below 2,600 tons, refitting 12 ships); Strengthen naval schools, except Mawei, Qingdao and Huangpu, and set up Lightning School in Zhenjiang 1932, Jiangsu. By 1937, the navy has more than 20 ships of various types/kloc-0, with a total displacement of about 68,000 tons. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in Lugouqiao on July 7, the navy was unable to repel the enemy at sea under the situation that the enemy was strong and we were weak. In order to prevent the enemy from returning to Jiangxi, a number of blockade lines were successively formed in the ports and waterways of Shanghai, Jiangyin and Madang (see Jiangyin blockade operation), and sunken ships were blocked in the ports and waterways of Pearl River, Minjiang River, Qingdao and Liu Gongdao to delay the Japanese attack. 1938+0 In June, the Admiralty was abolished, and the Navy General Command was established, which was subordinate to the Military Commission, with Chen Shaokuan as the commander-in-chief, and the fleet numbers 1 and No.2 were retained; Establish naval artillery units, naval secret service units and naval mine units. After the fall of Wuhan, Guangzhou and Yichang, the coastal ports and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were occupied by the Japanese, and the rest 10 small naval vessels retreated to Chuanjiang. At this point, the navy has been unable to fight.