The history of China has lasted for thousands of years. Even during the Emperor Yanhuang and the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there are relatively few records about the ancestors of the Chinese nation. From the pre-Qin period, Qin Shihuang unified six countries and established a unified multi-ethnic Qin Dynasty, to the demise of the Qing Dynasty in 19 12, dynasties changed dozens and hundreds of times. The history of more than two thousand years is clear, and there are many historical figures, such as "crucian carp crossing the river" and "a dime a dozen"
Even though there are many well-known figures and celebrities in history, or people who play an important role in the history of China. For example, there are more than 500 emperors, and if you add various monarchs, it is more than 1000. The number of emperors' empresses, monarchs' wives, various royal relatives, nobles, princesses and princesses can exceed tens of thousands.
Celebrities in history are mostly powerful people, many times or even more powerful than ordinary people. Royal aristocrats enjoy a rich and luxurious life, and it is normal to have a good home in the end. But the fate of some characters is not so good, because of various reasons, such as the collapse of the dynasty, war, usurpation and so on, some monarchs even fell down in the toilet and died.
Wuqi (shot dead with arrows, sentenced to dismemberment by car)
Wuqi is a well-known military strategist and a representative figure of military strategist. He is familiar with military strategists, legalists and Confucianism, and has made great achievements in internal affairs and military affairs. His work The Art of War by Woods has spread all over the world. Wuqi is not only talented in governing the country, but also good at fighting with soldiers.
"Everything is done wrong" said that when he was in charge of the army, he could be as well fed and clothed as the foot soldiers, and the foot soldiers enjoyed it.
Wuqi lived in Shilu, Wei and Chu all his life, and finally settled in Chu. King Ai of Chu appointed Wu Qi as the magistrate of Wancheng, and one year later he was promoted to Lingyin (the highest official title of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the highest official who mastered political affairs and gave orders). Later, he helped the king of Chu preside over the political reform and carried out drastic reforms at home. In the end, he offended the conservative nobles because of the political reform. After the death of the king of Chu, he was shot to death by the nobles.
The car was cracked because it was designed to kill people who shot themselves with the body of the king of Chu. Because the laws of Chu state stipulate that hurting the king's body is a felony, and all three ethnic groups will be exterminated. Wuqi shot the king of Chu with an arrow, and when the nobles shot Wuqi, they also shot the body of the king of Chu. After the next monarch reached the summit, all the nobles who hurt the king's body were executed, and Wuqi's body was also sentenced to a car crack.
Shang Yang (Split Five Horses)
I believe everyone is familiar with Shang Yang, a historical figure. Qin annexed six countries, Qin Shihuang established a unified multi-ethnic Qin dynasty, and Shang Yang's political reform was half related. Shang Yang was a representative figure of legalists in the pre-Qin period and a famous politician, reformer, thinker and strategist in the Warring States period. Shang Yang is Ji's surname, Gongsun's, actually called Gongsun Yang, and was later recorded as Shang Yang by historical records.
Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong and actively promoted political reform, making A Qin a prosperous country during the Warring States Period. Gong Ziqian, the son of Qin Xiangong, was executed during Shang Yang's political reform.
"Historical Records and Biography of Shang Jun" "The law does not work, but it is committed from the top." Prince Jiang Fa. The prince, your heir, cannot be punished. Punish the piety of his son, Fu Gongzi, and insult his teacher Gong. The next day, Qin people rushed to the next step.
Because the prince broke the law, but the prince is the future monarch and can't be punished, and Gongzi Qian is the teacher of the prince, and another teacher of the prince, Gongzi Qian, was sentenced to criminal law. Gongzi Qian was whipped, his nose was cut off, and his face was tattooed with Gongsun Jia (which could not be scrubbed off), just like Jiang's tattoo on the water margin. A few people became the role of "setting an example", and then the Qin people followed the decree of Shang Yang's reform and customization.
Then it was time for Shang Yang to have bad luck. We also know that Qin Xiaogong is Shang Yang's staunchest supporter. After Qin Xiaogong's death, Shang Yang lost his support. After Qin Xiaogong's death, the Prince succeeded to the throne as King Qin Huiwen. Later, Gongzi Qian joined forces with some aristocratic forces to sue Shang Yang for ten major crimes, because Shang Yang's political reform had stimulated the interests of many nobles, and was eventually falsely accused of rebellion by these people, and was later ordered by King Huiwen of Qin to kill him.
Shang Yang finally failed and died. Although Shang Yang was killed in the war, his body still survived. The body was taken back to Xianyang and punished by splitting the car (so-called five horses, because it is a carriage). The whole family was killed. Shang Yang's ending can be described as miserable. Fortunately, he was dismembered after his death. If he was sentenced to dismemberment when he was alive, it would be really painful. It takes a lot of effort to cut off a person's head and limbs, not to mention pulling!
Reese (tortured, beheaded after five sentences, dismembered)
Actually, there is no need to introduce Li Si. The official of the State of Qin, the Prime Minister of Qin, was a famous politician. The implementation of Li Si's political ideas, such as abolishing the enfeoffment system, changing to the county system and establishing centralization, consolidated the imperial power, had a far-reaching impact on China and the world, and laid the basic pattern of feudal autocracy in China for more than 2,000 years.
Li Si is also a famous writer and calligrapher. In order to promote unified writing, Li Si personally wrote seven articles, including Cang Xie, Ji Li and erudition. Li Si's essays include Persuading the Guests, On the Duties of Supervisors, Zhao Yan Shu Gao and Writing in Prison. Lu Xun once praised Lisi: "The article of Qin Dynasty, Lisi is only one person", and Lisi's calligraphy is "small seal is fascinated, big seal is wonderful", which can be called the originator of calligraphy.
But Reese listened to Zhao Gao's words and let Hu Hai plot to seize the position, but was accused of treason. After being tortured, he was forced to confess his rebellion and was executed.
There is a written record about the murder of Lisi in Historical Records: "In July of two years, there was a theory of five punishments, and Xianyang City was beheaded."
"Historical Records" "People are extremely loyal to Sri Lanka, and they are killed by five punishments. It is different from the popular discussion to examine its origin. "
The Great Qin Law reads: "First cut off the left and right toes, kill them, behead them, and bury their flesh and blood in the market. Those who curse must first break their tongues. "
Reese was sentenced, tattooed, nose cut, toe amputated, beheaded and finally dismembered. This criminal law is really difficult for executioners to enforce. The Great Qin Law was formulated by Li Si himself. Zhao Gao, a former ally, was murdered for the trumped-up crime of rebellion, and the clan children were also executed. Of all the prime ministers in China, I believe no one can name them except Reese.
Mrs. Qi (amputated limbs, etc.). , make a person)
Mrs. Qi is Liu Bang's concubine, also known as Liu Bang's favorite concubine. When Liu Bang was in Hanwang, he married Ding Tao Miracle. Mrs. Qi often went to war with Liu Bang, while Lv Zhi stayed at home, which led to Liu Bang's estrangement from his first wife, Lv Zhi, and closer relationship with Mrs. Qi. Besides, Lv Zhi's son Liu Ying is too weak. Liu Bang thought that Liu Ying was not like himself, so he wanted Liu Ruyi, the son of Mrs Qi, to be a prince.
Later, Mrs Qi often cried in front of Liu Bang, hoping that Liu Bang could make Liu Ruyi a prince. In the end, due to the advice of the minister or secretary and Lv Zhi, it failed. After Liu Bang's death, Liu Ying acceded to the throne, became the empress dowager, and began to attack Mrs Qi. First, she was grounded and did menial work, and then she broke Mrs Qi's hands and feet, gouged out her eyes, smoked her ears and drank dumb medicine, making her a "human". Mrs Qi was probably the worst concubine in history.
Chao Cuo (halved in the city)
Chao Cuo was a minister during the period of Liu Heng (the fourth son of Liu Bang) in the Western Han Dynasty, and later became an official of an ancient scholar after Emperor Jing ascended the throne. Because he used to be the "housekeeper" of the prince, equivalent to the prince of Shaofu after the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was a politician and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. His representative works include Talking about Military Affairs, Guarding the Border and Persuading Agriculture, Talking about your millet, and Good Countermeasures. Lu Xun called it "Hong Wen of the Western Han Dynasty".
Maybe you don't know Chao Cuo, but I'm sure you know something about the promotion order executed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The Order of Tui En is an upgraded version of the Order of Feudal Feudal, which was introduced in Chao Cuo. In order to weaken the strength of the captaincy and strengthen the imperial power, it was hated by the captaincy. Finally, the seven countries rebelled in the name of killing Chao Cuo, for the rebellion of the seven countries and Wu Chu. Finally decided to sacrifice Chao Cuo in exchange for the withdrawal of the vassal.
So Jingdi sent someone to Chao Cuo's house to design a scam against Chao Cuo, and then Chao Cuo was tricked into the East City. The emperor sent people to read letters directly to Chao Cuo, and even the prison uniform was changed by half in the city. Chao Cuo didn't receive any judicial trial, did not go to prison and was not tortured, so he was vague and let the emperor behead him. Chao Cuo was the real cause of his death. In fact, Jingdi had no choice but to consider the overall situation.
Yue Fei (tortured and sentenced to death on trumped-up charges)
Yue Fei, who is loyal to his country, is well known. He was an outstanding commander-in-chief, a famous anti-gold star and a national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, ranking first among the "Four Generals of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yue Fei joined the army at the age of 20 and began the road of resisting gold. Later, because of his father's death, he was forced to leave the army several times and then joined the army. He took part in and commanded hundreds of battles. In order to fight against the 8 Jin Army, we came all the way to Huanglong, hoping to welcome the return of Emperor Hui Qin to the DPRK, so as to promote Song Guowei.
Yue Fei has clear rewards and punishments in running the army, strict discipline, compassion for his subordinates and setting an example. Yue Jiajun, led by Yue Fei, is known as "freezing to death without demolishing the house and starving to death without taking prisoners". Jin Jun has comments such as "It is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue family". Yue Fei advocated sending troops to the Northern Expedition, but Emperor Zhao Gou and Prime Minister Qin Gui wanted to make peace, and were finally recalled to twelve "golden plates" and imprisoned by treacherous court officials Qin Gui and Zhang Jun.
He was tortured and falsely accused of rebellion. In the end, Yue Fei found no evidence of rebellion. Even so, Yue Fei was executed at the Fengboting Dali Temple in Lin 'an on trumped-up charges at the age of 39. There are only eight words left in Yue Fei's confession: "Day after day, day after day!" ? Later, he was rehabilitated, pursued Wu Mu and Zhong Wu, and sealed the king of Hubei.
Fang Xiaoru (died in).
Fang Xiaoru, known as the first Confucianism in the world, was the minister of humerus chosen by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, personally for his grandson Zhu Yunwen. Fang Xiaoru, with clear pronunciation and mellow voice, is ambitious, smart and studious since childhood. When he grew up, he was called into the capital by the emperor and entrusted with an important task to assist Zhu Yunwen, the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang. When the country had important political affairs, Emperor Zhu Yunwen asked Fang Xiaoru.
Since then, Judy, the prince of Yan, rose up and the court agreed to crusade. The letters and speeches were written by Fang Xiaoru. After Judy, the Prince of Yan, invaded Nanjing, most officials surrendered to the Prince of Yan. Judy wanted to describe herself with Fang Xiaoru's prestige and forced him to help write the imperial edict, but Fang Xiaoru refused. He was ordered by Judy to kill more than 800 relatives, friends and students in Fang Xiaoru, and then killed Fang Xiaoru Lingchi.
Jing Qing (dismembered, thinly covered with grass)
In history, there was only the torture of "exterminating nine ethnic groups", and Jing Qing was the only second person in history to "exterminate ten ethnic groups" after Fang Xiaoru. Jing Qing was a scholar in Hongwu period. When he was a child, his family was poor, but Jing Qing was very clever and capable of never forgetting anything. In the history of the Ming Dynasty, he was called "a charming man who never forgets to study". Later, with the support of my neighbors, I was finally admitted to "Tsinghua (imperial academy), the highest institution of learning in Ming Dynasty" for further study.
Later, he won the second place as the second place in the first division and became an imperial minister. Later, he was demoted because of work mistakes. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, he was re-appointed by Wen Jian Emperor Zhu Yunwen, transferred back to Beijing, and promoted to Jing Qing as an imperial envoy (the first product). After that, Judy rebelled successfully and proclaimed herself emperor in Nanjing. But Jing Qing didn't resist like Fang Xiaoru at that time, but surrendered to Judy first, and then prepared to assassinate him in the hall, but he was stopped in advance and found that Jing Qing was hiding a knife.
Judy: "I am very kind to you. Why did you hurt me? "
Jing Qing: "I want to avenge my old Lord, but unfortunately I can't!" " "Uncle with my nephew, such as father rape son wife. I betrayed Mao's legacy. I am really a traitor, and everyone will punish me! "
When the ancestors were angry, they died, and home was it. It is called "Guateng Copy" to borrow the country to climb and dye.
Judy asked Jing Qing, and Jing Qing replied that he wanted to avenge his old master and put his hand on the thief. Judy was furious and immediately ordered Jing Qing's teeth to be knocked out and Jing Qing's tongue to be cut off. Jing Qing continued to insult Judy with a mouthful of blood, and then Judy ordered Jing Qing to be dismembered, peeled, watered and hung in Chang 'an. At the same time, it also ordered the whole family of Jing Qing to be implicated. The elders, friends and students in Jing Qing's hometown were persecuted, killing people everywhere, and then setting fire to the village, which was reduced to ruins.
Yuan Chonghuan (executed in year)
Yuan Chonghuan was a famous military and patriotic general in the late Ming Dynasty. I believe many friends know that he was a soldier all his life and made great contributions to defending the northeast frontier of the Ming Dynasty and resisting the attack of the Qing army. It's a pity that he was framed by a yes man. Wei Zhongxian's followers Wang Yongguang, Gao Jie, Yuan Hongxun, Chen Shi and others wanted to take the opportunity to avenge Wei Zhongxian and sentenced Yuan Chonghuan to death for making peace with the late Jin army and killing Mao without authorization. As a result, Emperor Chongzhen fell into the trap of Huang Taiji, and Yuan Chonghuan died in the middle of the year, resulting in eternal injustice, and his family was exiled for three thousand miles.
Zhi Xiangzi (the head is made into a "wine glass")
Zhixiangzi was a native of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Speaking of Zhi Xiangzi, we may not know her at first sight, nor are we familiar with her, but I believe that we have heard China's saying, "A scholar dies as a confidant, and a woman is complacent", which was born because of Zhi Xiangzi.
Zhi Xiangzi is the leader of Zhi's family, one of the four families in Jin State. Her surname is Ji, Zhishi,. Her name is Zhiyao, Zhibo and Xunyao (Zhishi originated from Xunshi), and Xunyao is more. Because posthumous title is called "Xiang" in the history books, he is called Zhi Xiangzi, the seventh clan of Zhi's family, the third official of Zhi's family (the ruling ministers and military commanders of some vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period are second only to the monarch in power), the ruling minister of Jin, the longest ruling minister in the history of Jin, and the most powerful QingDafu in the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhi family had great scenery at that time, but in the end, it was because the patriarch supported each other.
After the decline of the monarch of the State of Jin, the four families of Zhi, Zhao, Han and Wei held power. The Zhi family is one of the most powerful families and the most powerful minister in the State of Jin. Zhi, the head of the family at that time, made a wrong decision when he abdicated, which indirectly led to the demise of Zhi's family. The reason is that he chose ZhiXiangZi as his successor.
The ability to know Xiangzi is very good, but one disadvantage is that it is heartless. In the end, Zhixiangzi took over as the patriarch, and then became overbearing, cruel and heartless. Then, in order to strengthen the national strength of Jin, he asked other big families and ministers for territory. Although he also gave fiefs to thousands of families, he was originally the most powerful person in the state of Jin. A strong state of Jin is beneficial to the Zhi family, but he can't force others to provide land.
Zhi Xiangzi's move attracted resistance from other families. In desperation, Han and Wei also gave them their thousands of fiefs, but they already wanted to kill Zhi Xiangzi. When Zhiyao asked Zhao Xiangzi for land, he was rejected. Zhi Xiangzi joined forces with Han and Wei to attack. Scott was outnumbered and the army lost again and again. The situation is very unfavorable. Zhao Xiangzi knew that he was no match for them, so he surrendered to others and joined hands with Han and Wei to destroy the Zhi family.
After that, Zhifu was attacked many times and killed alive by (Zhao Guzhu). Zhifu's head was also carved and painted to make the first wine glass (head means head, and the cup was a container used to hold, pour and heat wine in ancient China). The rest of the Zhishi families were forced to take refuge in the early Qin Dynasty. After Zhifu's death, there was a famous saying, "When a scholar dies, he becomes a bosom friend, and a woman is happy."
Yu Rang, the retainer of Zhi Yao, missed the benefits of Zhi Yao after the death of his master, resenting Zhao Xiangzi for making Zhi Bo's head into lacquer ware, filling it with wine pulp, and vowing to avenge Zhi Bo. During the first assassination, Yu Rang changed his name and surname, disguised himself as a prisoner, mixed with criminals, and went home to decorate the toilet with sharp tools, thus waiting for an opportunity to assassinate, but was found to be trying to kill Yu by the guards.
Later, Yu Rang began his second assassination plan, smearing paint on himself, making his skin fester, shaving off his beard and eyebrows, swallowing charcoal fire to make his voice hoarse, so as to disguise himself and start begging along the street. Camouflage can be said that jade made his wife not recognize it. However, Yu Rang did not commit himself to Zhao Xiangzi's assassination of Zhao Xiangzi with his own talents, because Yu Rang believed that it was against the monarch's justice to serve the monarch with disloyalty.
Then there was the scene of "Red Bridge Ambush". When Jade Jean learned about Zhao Xiangzi's itinerary and time, he ambushed under a bridge in advance. When Zhao Xiangzi reached the bridge, the horse was suddenly frightened, so he guessed that someone wanted to assassinate him, and then he found Yurang. Zhao Xiangzi asked Yurang that you had served other teachers before, and Zhi Yao kicked your teacher out, but you served Zhi Yao without revenge. What is the reason for revenge for Zhiyao now?
Jade to say, before the teacher only jade to ordinary people, and zhi yao is courtesy to jade to let, jade to repay zhi yao like Shi Guo, but Zhao Xiangzi can't let go of jade to let this time. Yurang knew that he couldn't live any longer, so he made a request to Zhao Xiangzi, asking him for a symbolic assassination dress. After Zhao Xiangzi's clothes were "assassinated",
Shouting at the sky: "I can report to Zhi Bo!"
After that, Yu let himself commit suicide by drawing his sword, and there was an eternal swan song of "a scholar dies for a confidant, and a woman is happy." After the story of Yu Rang spread, his spirit deeply touched many people, and Yu Rang became one of The Four Assassins (Zhuan Xu, Nie Zheng and Jing Ke) in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. This epic poem has since become the traditional creed of ancient people in China, especially intellectuals. On the one hand, they are honest and clean, on the other hand, they die for their bosom friends, which has become a model that ancient intellectuals yearn for and admire.
These are the top ten figures with tragic endings in Chinese history. China has a long history, and all kinds of historical figures accumulated in past dynasties can be said to be an "unimaginable" number. There are countless "big shots" in history, and many people have bad endings. Who else do you know about historical celebrities with bad endings?
Text/History Mozi Museum
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