1 from the surname Qi, after Emperor Yan Yao. According to legend, Qi is one of the common surnames of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Later, the surname Qi was sealed to Liu Guo, which is now Tangxian County in Dingzhou. His grandson took the country as his surname, and according to legend, his surname was Liu. Historically, Liu is authentic, and this is Liu in Shaanxi.
2 from the surname Du. Du Bo's grandson is a judge in the State of Jin. After Xianggong's death, the scholar went to the State of Qin to meet Yong, the son of the State of Jin, and stayed in the State of Qin because of the changes in the State of Jin. His descendants took Wei Liu's surname (meaning "stay").
3 from the surname Ji, the descendant of the Empress Dowager Zhou. According to legend, after his death, he succeeded to the throne and made Ji Wang's son Yu king. His descendants took the city as their surname, and Liu's surname was passed down from generation to generation. This is the Liu family in Henan.
From his surname, for his family, he changed his surname or gave him the surname Liu. According to historical records, the main surname changes are as follows:
Liu Bang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, practiced the policy of intimacy and estrangement, and married Yu Khan. According to the custom of Xiongnu, nobles all take their mother's surname, and Khan's descendants all take Liu's surname. So this surname Liu came into being.
2. Xiongnu was defeated in the battle of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and was divided into South Xiongnu and North Xiongnu. The southern Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty and was given the Han surname Liu. This is a typical example that my classmates know. The reason why emperor wudi watched too much ~.
According to historical records, Lou Jing, a Qi man, offered Liu Bang a plan to build a capital in Luoyang, which was reused by Liu Bang. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he was given the surname Liu, which he has kept ever since.
Fourth, in order to thank Xiang Bo for helping him many times, Liu Bang named him Liu, and gave a Liu to many survivors of Xiang Bo.
Fifth, Wang Chang in the Eastern Han Dynasty fought against Wang Mang and made great contributions in the battle of Kunyang. Later, Liu changed his name to.
After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang, the compound surname of Xianbei people was changed to Liu, which became one of the most popular surnames at that time. Other ethnic minorities who moved to the Central Plains also changed their surnames to Liu.
Supplement: Most of these are the materials I have found, but I have to add that the surname Qi is one of the surnames designated by the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and the surname Ji is also the surname of the Yellow Emperor himself. The Yellow Emperor is the legendary common ancestor of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains. He is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun, who has lived in Jishui for a long time. Because she changed her surname to Ji, she lived in the hill of Xuanyuan (northwest of Xinzheng, Henan Province), so she was named Xuanyuan and called Gongsun Xuanyuan. State-owned bear (now Xinzheng, Henan), so it is also called Xiong's. Because of its virtue, it is called the Yellow Emperor. There are two main branches of Huangdi nationality: one is Zhuan Xu nationality, and the other is Di Ku nationality. The above-mentioned Qi surname and Ji surname belong to the same family, so-called consanguinity. But interestingly, I have seen records before that Huns and Xianbei people are also related to the Yellow Emperor, so all surnames from Huns or Xianbei people are included in the Yellow Emperor family. So after all, Xiongnu and Liu Bang were originally a family, and their ancestors were both Huangdi. Haha ~ Huangdi is the legendary greatest emperor in ancient China and the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Among the most popular 100 surnames in China, more than 70 surnames are directly or indirectly derived from Ji's surname. It is said that he has 25 sons, among whom 14 has a surname of 12 (there are also people with the same surname, so 14 has a surname of 12), and Ji is the first.
Liu's root-seeking is also a vivid example. There are two versions of historical records: one is that Liu's surname originated from Qi's surname in the year of 12, because he was Qi's surname with his son Yao, and Liu's surname was a descendant of Yao; Second, Liu's surname comes from Ji's surname in Zhou Dynasty. "Prime Minister of the New Tang Dynasty" holds that "Liu comes from Qi's surname", and at the same time says that Liu Lei, a descendant of Liu's descendants who raised dragons, was named Du Bo in the Zhou Dynasty and called Tang Du's. Later, a descendant of Du returned to the State of Jin from the State of Qin, and his son stayed in the State of Qin, named Liu. There are different opinions about the origin of Liu. If Liu is being crowned king, his land is in today's Yanshi, Henan; If Liu lives in Qin, his place is Fengxiang, Shaanxi. For this problem, Henan experts and scholars conducted in-depth research and investigation, and finally determined that Liu's ancestor was Liu Lei, the "Yulong" of Kong Jia, the first13rd generation emperor of Xia Dynasty. The ancient city of Qiu Gong, where Liu Lei lived, is located in Zhaopinghu Scenic Area, Lushan County, Henan Province. There are still ruins of the ancient city of Qiu Gong and Liu Lei's tomb. The results of this study were quickly recognized by the relevant social sectors. At present, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province has successfully bid for the fourth general meeting of the World Liu Clan Association in 2003, and relevant preparations are under way.
Liu is a famous surname of the Chinese nation with a long history. Liu (Liu) is from gold to hair, and its original meaning refers to weapons such as axes and cymbals. Liu Ye is an ancient city name. At the end of primitive society, the ninth son of Emperor Yao established Liu Guo and changed his surname to Liu, which was the earliest surname of Liu in China. Because the original name of Emperor Yao was Qi State, later generations also called this surname Liu Qi State Liu. After more than 4,000 years of reproduction and development, the Liu family has been constantly striving for self-improvement, prosperous population and numerous celebrities, creating a splendid history and splendid culture, and gradually becoming the main body of the Liu family in the world, making an important influence and contribution to the development of China history.
Exploring the origin of Tian surname
First, there are two sources, 1, which came from Gui's family and was changed by Chen after Gui Manchu. According to legend, Emperor Yao, the son of Emperor Shun, put it before him. His two daughters married him and let them live by the Guimu River. Some of their grandparents and grandchildren stayed by the Guimu River, which is their surname. After the destruction, the Zhou Dynasty was established, and the descendants of the last generation of holy kings were hunted down, and Gui Man, the descendant of Shun Di (the 32nd generation grandson of Shun Di's son), was found. King Wu named Guiman as Chen Hou, who was called Hu Gongman and Chen Hugong in history. According to Shun Zhonghua's lineage [for reference only] A [for the 26th generation] According to Chiyang Chen's genealogy B [for the 43rd generation] According to Yongji Travel Network-Shunren's surname, before that, there were two views on inheritance:
A, 1 Huangdi -2 Changyi -3 Zhuan Xu -4 Yume -5 6 Jingkang -7 Sentence Wang -8 9- 10 Yu Shun-1-12-13 China-60. 38+09 Goujiao-20 Yu Na-21Lingguan-22 Deyi-23 Ganheng-24-25-26 Yue 52 Huangfu-27 Hu Gongman
B, 1 Huangdi -2 Changyi -3 Zhuan Xu -4 Elm -5-6 Jingkang -7 Sentence Wang -8-9- 10 Shun (Yao Zhonghua)-1 Shang Jun-12 Yibo -65438+. 38+09-20-2 1 Zugui -22 (Sigong) -23-24 Vibration -25 Dimension -26 Shougu -27 Ao -28-29 Yan -30 Gu Yi -365438+
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chen Huangong's younger brother, Chen Tuo, killed Prince Mian after Chen Huangong's death, and became a self-reliant Chen Hou. The three younger brothers left by the prince are a dragon, a zhong and a Xiao Yue. They wanted to avenge their brother, so they killed Chen Tuo when he went to Cai Guo. Three brothers became monarchs successively, namely Chen Li Gong Yue, Chen Zhuang Gong Lin and Chen Gongxuan Chu Jiu. In his later years, Chen planned to make Ji Chongsheng's son a prince, so he killed the former prince Yu Kou. Chen Li Gongyue's son is called Chen Wan (Gui Man's eldest son? Dai Sun), he made friends with Yukou. After Yu Kou was killed, he fled to Qi for fear of being implicated. Qi Huangong sealed him off on the battlefield. Because Chen Wan fled to Qi, he didn't want to take the original country name as his surname, so he took the land as his surname and renamed it Tian. When it reached Tian He, who was appointed Prime Minister of Qi State, he exiled Qi Kanggong to the sea and became a monarch on his own. Therefore, Jiang Qi became Tianqi. This is the famous "field" in history. The inheritance relationship is:
Hu Gongman-Levin ()-Tu (Xiao Gong)-Ning (You Gong)-Xiao Gong ()-Ling (Wu Gong)-Xie (Gong Ping)-Gong Li (Wen Gong)-Bao (Huan Gong)-Yue (Gong Li
During the continuation of Tian's family, the descendants of Tian Shuzhi were given surnames. Its inheritance relationship is:
Tian (Chen Wan)-Tian Zhi-Tian Marriage-Tian Wenzi-Tian (Wu Yu)-Shu Tian-Sun Zhan.
Tian was divided by Chen. It is worth mentioning that Tian was destroyed by Qin after 184, and later people changed their surnames. The third son of the King of Qi, he was later named as the Duke of Yingchuan, Chu, and later changed his surname to Chen. Others changed their surnames to Wang.
┌ Tian Sheng-Tianan (King of Jibei)-(Wang Yi)-Wang Mang
┌ Wang Qi (Tian Jian)-│.
│ └ Tian Huan Wang Change.
Fashi
│ ┌ Tian Jiajian (come to a bad end)
King Xiang of Qi (Tian Zhangfa)-King Qi (Tian Duan)-
│ (renamed Wang after being victimized)
In combat
│
Tianjiao
2. It was changed by Huang. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Zicheng, who assisted Hui Di, abolished the right of independent governors, which caused the disaster in southern Jingnan. The capital was quickly breached by the governors, and Huang Zicheng was captured and died unyielding. His son changed his name to Tanaka to avoid disaster. Later generations also took Tian as their surname and called Tian, mostly near Beijing.
The origin of Li surname
Li's surname originated in Longxi, and his ancestors were sincere.
(Origin of surname) The origin of Li's surname, recorded in history books, is related to the fruit of plum trees.
"Comrade? Team strategy? Taking the official as the surname includes: "Hao Tao ... is Yao Dali, and the official is Li. "
"Tang Shu? The lineage of the Prime Minister said: "From the surname of Won, after Tao, the world is Dali, and the official family is Li. "
Yuan He Shi Dian also records that Li is a direct descendant of Emperor Levin of Zhuan Xu. Zhuan Xu gave birth to great cause, and great cause gave birth to female China. When Hao Tao, the son of a China woman, became an official in Yao Di. Hao Tao also blamed, "the tube? Send: "It is Li." Note Yin ancient prison officials. "The magistrate, which is equivalent to the current judge, is responsible for the inference of prison proceedings. At that time, it was widely rumored that the judge was surnamed Li, and naturally Li was surnamed.
Taking Li as his surname, why did he become Li later? The thing is, according to the legend, at the end of Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wang was tyrannical and indulgent, which made the rulers and people very disgusted. One of Hao Tao's descendants named Li Zheng, out of loyalty, bluntly protested to Zhou Wang and suggested that he correct himself. As a result, he angered Zhou Wang and was killed. After hearing the news, Li Zheng's wife Qihe fled with her youngest son, Li Zhen. Qihe's family was originally from a secluded country (now Huaiyang, Henan). They wanted to go back to their parents' home, but they were afraid of causing trouble to their families, so they went out to the west. When they fled to the "Houyi Market" in the Yi River valley in western Henan (that is, the place where Houyi once lived and was abandoned), the mother and son were hungry and exhausted, especially Xiao Lizhen, and almost starved to death. However, this area is deserted, how can we find food? Fortunately, Qi Heshi found some "Mu Zi" (the fruit of woody plants, that is, the fruit of trees) in nearby wild trees, so they picked them and ate them. In this way, mother and son saved their lives by eating wild fruits. After that, they fled to eastern Henan and settled in Ku Yingu County (east of Luyi County, Henan Province) not far from Huaiyang. In order to be grateful for saving his life, to get rid of his pursuit, and because Li and Li have something in common, He Zizhen began to change Li's name to Li's. This is the origin of the surname Li.
Throughout history, Li's surname originated from two sources, one is Longxi, which is now Gansu Province; One is in Zhao County, which is now Hebei Province. Mainly based on these two schools, the origin of Li surname in China was formed, and it spread to all parts of the country, and Li surname spread to all corners of the country. According to the Li Family Tree, a Li Yuan family appeared in Longxi. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, with the prosperity of the dynasty, the surname Li became increasingly prosperous. Li Yuan's family alone has 39 rooms. Originated in Zhao county, the source system is more productive, and within a few generations, it has become a local prosperous family. The number of people, covering a wide area, overwhelmed other surnames, ranking above Zhang, Wang, Liu and Zhao. Later, Li in Hebei was divided into three factions, from Shanxi in the west, Shandong and Anhui in the east, and Henan and Huguang in the south, and the scope was expanded.
Li moved south before other surnames. According to Chongzheng Pedigree? Before the textual research of Li Pian, there was no record of Li Nandu. Li went south, as if in the late Tang Dynasty. Chongzheng genealogy? Li Zhang said, "Ancestors came to the south, and there was an imperial clan at the end of the Tang Dynasty. They moved from Chang 'an to Bianliang, and then to Shibi Township, Ninghua, Fujian." In other words, Li moved to the south around 880 AD. At that time, the massive Huang Chao Uprising broke out at the end of the Tang Dynasty. The rebel army declared: "The Yellow Emperor started to fight for Shu Ren, not because Li didn't love you Cao, but because you Cao were safe." Even so, those Li people with the same surname as the Tang royal family moved southward in large numbers to seek a peaceful place in the south of the Yangtze River.