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The car climbed the Panshan Road in Dongshan, Maitreya County and drove into the rain and fog. Rolling down the window, a stream of fresh air jumped into the car, which was immediately refreshing. Looking up, the car seems to have entered the green sea. Half an hour later, the car stopped at Songkezhai, a small village on the side of the road. The villagers on the roadside heard that we were going to visit Zhang Chong's former residence and enthusiastically guided us. Walk along an alley 100 meters and come to the former residence. I don't want to be the iron general who locks the door. I didn't know until I asked that Yang Baoming, who kept the key, had gone to work in the smoke. Enthusiastic villagers can't bear to let us run in vain. Zhang Sanyi asked Li Si. Half an hour later, Yang Baoming's old mother opened the door and got the key.
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The former residence is a traditional folk house in Yunnan, named "A Letter". There are three main rooms, two left and right wing rooms, with inverted seats in front and residential doors in the middle. The surrounding houses are two floors, with patios in the middle, T-holes and shooting holes on the high walls above and around the gate. The whole appearance is square, like a seal. This quadrangle was built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, and was later destroyed by fire. 1933 reconstruction. Fixed at 1997. In 2003, it was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. Walking into the yard and looking around, the house is well maintained, but nothing is empty and there is no time to take care of the place. There is an exhibition room in the west wing upstairs. There is no light. In the dim light of the lattice window, I read the pictures and texts displayed on the wall. The curtain of General Hei Hu's life slowly opened in front of me. ...
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Shaolin juvenile hero
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Since ancient times, heroes have produced teenagers.
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Zhang Chong, formerly known as Yu Shao, was named Peng Yun and Yi. He was born in a wealthy family in 1900. His father, Zhang Yuting, was a county aide in Poxi (now Luxi) in the late Qing Dynasty, and he had four sons, ranking third among the worshippers. Zhang Chong was timid and resourceful since he was a child. In his youth, he was chivalrous and generous, and liked to make poor friends. At school, some gentry's children bully poor students, and he often stands up against them. Poor students, regardless of age, all respect him as "Brother Zhang San". Because they admire the integrity of Lin Chong, a Liangshan hero in the Water Margin, they changed their name to Zhang Chong. Zhang Chong is ambitious. When he was studying in Luxi, he was influenced by bourgeois democratic thought. He believes that "a gentleman should eradicate human injustice, so that everyone has food and clothing, so as not to live in the world in vain."
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19 18 Zhang Chong's father died, and Zhang Chong obeyed his mother's order and went to Kunming to study. The local gentry took the opportunity to jointly accuse Zhang Chong of colluding with the "gangster Zhao Guangting" to the provincial government, and the provincial government approved it without investigation: "Bring Zhang Chong to justice as soon as possible." Zhang Chong was caught up with Liangshan and ran to the Yunnan-Guizhou border to take refuge in a mountain king named Zhang Shouting. Soon, Zhang Chong found that this team was lax in discipline, blindly robbing and killing, and had no "heroism". He resolutely led more than 80 brothers to set up an uprising flag, and put forward the slogan that "the rich gave me money, the middle class should not wait, and the poor should come with me for the New Year", "Down with local tyrants and evil gentry, protect workers, peasants and businessmen, and help the poor", and held activities in Pingyi (Fuyuan), Lvliang, Luoping and other places. Everywhere he went, he posted slogans and gave cloth, clothes, money and food to the poor, which was welcomed by the masses. As long as the "young and middle-aged" team comes, men, women and children are scrambling to see it and send tea and water. There is a folk song: "The sun shines red, and there is a Zhang Yunpeng in Luxi, which helps the poor and makes the rich. Your official duties and delegations are afraid to come to the countryside, so as not to make trouble. " The oppressed poor all over the world came to him. In the past two years, he also used tricks to destroy the habitual bandits "Fei Er", "Er Li" and "Ear Stud" who harmed the people in Qiubei, cut off the "local strongman" Hai Shounong, punished corrupt officials and eliminated violence. Zhang Chong's righteous act was welcomed and supported by the working people, and the team grew to more than 600 people, which shook the southeast of Yunnan.
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Zhang Chong's growing ranks caused panic in the provincial capital, and the warlord Tang sent troops to suppress it many times. Because of his popularity, intelligence, resourcefulness and good use of troops, Tang's suppression was in vain. Later, he was recruited as the detachment leader of the 17 th detachment of Tang Department. Later, he was promoted to deputy head of the 9 th regiment of the second army and commander of road protection from Kaiyuan to Panxi section of Yunnan-Vietnam Railway. After 1923, Zhang Chong went to Sichuan to fight against the Beiyang warlords, helped Long Yun to compete for the king of Dian, and made great achievements. 1927, Zhang Chong was appointed as the commander of the 5th Division of Yunnan Army by Long Yun, the new chairman of the provincial government.
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"Turn salt water into coal"
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A monument stands in Yipinglang Salt Mine, engraved with nine gold-plated characters "Monument to the Establishment of Zhang Chong Salt Mine" and an inscription describing the project of "changing brine into coal". This monument, built in 1988, re-engraved this historical memory in people's hearts. The monument stands on the land of Yunnan, and the image of "Salt god" that benefits the people stands tall in the hearts of Sancha people.
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1933, Zhang Chong was suspected by Long Yun because of his participation in "the commander of the fourth division" and was appointed as the Yunnan salt transport ambassador. At that time, there was a salt shortage in Yunnan: the supply of salt was in short supply, the price of salt soared, and many people could only eat light food. At that time, the production of well salt in Yunnan relied on the indigenous method, that is, the brine was first extracted by mining, and then the tree was cut down to burn wood to boil the brine into pieces of salt. At this time of crisis, Zhang Chong made up his mind to reform with a sense of justice and patriotism. He went deep into the mine salt field and asked for advice from people of insight. In the investigation and study, he realized that it is very important to reform the salt policy system, but it can only cure the symptoms. Only by improving technology, increasing salt production and reducing production cost is the best policy to cure the problem. So he invited "experts" such as Dr. Luo Zitai of American Mining and Metallurgy to further solve the transportation problem of coal or brine on the basis of trying to solve the technology of making salt with coal instead of firewood. Hydraulic transportation was still a new technology in that year. He led Dr. Luo and others to inspect along the Shezi River and reached the level of coal production. It is found that there are no mountains and obstacles along the way, the river can flow, and it is not a problem to transport brine. Under the condition of national productivity and scientific and technological level, it is a pioneering work to build a 2 1 km long brine diversion ditch.
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Zhang Chong personally presided over the planning and design, and it took nearly a year to draw up a fully demonstrated feasibility study report of "changing brine into coal". With the approval of the provincial government, Zhang Chongyi resigned as the ambassador of salt transportation, and was supervised (commanded) by Yipinglang Salt Field Engineering Office. He commanded 3000 ordnance workers and 1000 migrant workers in the town. He tried his best to obstruct and work hard. Due to the development test of building materials and structural facilities of brine conveying ditch, it failed several times, which consumed a lot of time and financial resources and greatly exceeded the funds. Zhang Chong sold the property of a quadrangle in Kunming and got 2 million yuan, all of which was invested. After repeated design and test, the U-shaped brick with solid texture and outer circle was finally fired. Both ends of the brick are provided with convex and concave sample openings, which are convenient for overlapping and matching, and the joints are filled with cement to prevent leakage; Ditch cover plate is added to the top surface to facilitate inspection and cleaning; In order to prevent salt water corrosion and increase the smoothness of the facing, a layer of glaze was burned on the inner wall of the brick. Therefore, this 2 1 km long brine conveying ditch is also called "Liuligou". Liuligou project was completed on September 1937. 1August, 938, the supporting project was also completed. On August 25th, the brine (water) from Yuan Yongjing smoothly flowed to Yipin Lang, and the trial burning of coal was a great success. The fried salt is clean and white, which meets the hygiene standards.
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Originally, the cost of cooking a pot of salt with firewood was an old Yunnan coin of 45 yuan, and the cost after halogen removal was an old Yunnan coin of 1 yuan and 50 cents, which reduced the cost by 30 times. People in Yunnan ate salt. Zhang Chong was addressed as "Salt god" by Sancha people.
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Wyndell dichinson Wangyushan
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We come from the great land of Yunnan uprising,
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Through the mountains,
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Drive to the battlefield against the enemy.
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Brothers fought for national liberation with flesh and blood,
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Carry forward the glory of protecting the country and leveling the world!
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We can't let the enemy run amok in our country,
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Enemy planes cannot be allowed to fly in our airspace.
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Yunnan is the hometown of the 60 th Army.
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The 60th Army is the armed force to defend China!
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Singing "Sixty Army Songs" written by Xian Xinghai and Ren Guang, and written by Ms. An E, the Yunnan Army launched a tragic, tragic, heroic and brilliant battle in the history of the Yunnan Army and the Anti-Japanese War in Taierzhuang.
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After the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the 60th Army of Yunnan Army went out to fight against Japan. Zhang Chong, who presided over Yunnan Salt Administration, volunteered to "serve the country with Margo". Long Yun was moved by Zhang Chong's heroism and appointed him as the deputy commander of the 60th Army and the division commander of 184. 1In the autumn of 937, the 60th Army was sworn in from Kunming.
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1In April, 938, the 60th Army entered Taierzhuang to fight. Zhang Chong led184th Division to defend Wang Yu.
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Located on the northeast bank of the Grand Canal, Wang Yu is the commanding height of Taierzhuang and a battleground for military strategists. When Zhang Chong came to Wang Yushi, the troops defending Wang Yu had already withdrawn from their positions under the onslaught of the Japanese army, and the enemy had occupied the top of the mountain. Zhang Chong knew the importance of Wang Yu to the whole Taierzhuang campaign. He defeated all the 184 divisions and ordered a storm on Wang Yushan. He took the lead, and his own headquarters also established Wang Yushan, vowing to live and die with Yu Wangshan. At that time, rifles, machine guns and artillery shells rained down. The Japanese aggressors fired a string of smoke bombs and chemical weapons, with thick smoke and fog. Just then, a strong west wind blew and blew smoke at the enemy. Zhang Chong immediately ordered the whole division trumpeter to blow the horn together, shouting ShaSheng resounded throughout Shan Ye, and regained Wang Yushan with great fanfare.
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During the 20 days of defending Wang Yushan, there were fierce battles every day. One night, it was raining cats and dogs, and the enemy bombarded our position with plane artillery, and the shells rained down. The enemy death squads rushed to our position, and the defenders of the two regiments in our position suffered serious casualties and could not be supported. They demanded that reinforcements be sent as soon as possible. Zhang Chong judged that because it was night and heavy rain, the direction of the enemy was not clear when the reinforcements arrived at the position, which would not work. I have difficulties, and so do the enemy. The enemy doesn't have three heads and six arms, and I still have the advantage of commanding, even throwing grenades farther than the enemy. He let the defenders cross the rubicon and the Jedi fought back. After the phone call, Zhang Chong immediately went to the front line to command, and the morale of the defenders was even more exciting. The soldiers said, "The teacher came to the front line to work with us, and we promised not to get hurt on the line of fire." The soldiers fought to the death, repelled the enemy's attack and held their ground. Later, it was passed down as the story of "300 wounded soldiers tenaciously guarding Wang Yushan".
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In the bloody battle at Yuwangshan, the enemy poured tens of thousands of shells at the positions of the Yunnan army and organized dozens of charge and sneak attacks. Tons of bombs razed the trenches at the top of the mountain, and border guards had to use bomb pits as a cover and the bodies of their comrades as bunkers to resist the flood of enemy attacks. The soldiers fought to the death, but they still couldn't stop the enemy who risked their lives and rushed up, so they launched a bloody battle with the devil. There is a Iliad named Wang Bingzhang in Zhang Chong. The brigade commander who graduated from Baoding Military Academy picked up a 38-year-old cover and fought with the devils. After killing 10 enemies in succession, he was shot in the chest, but he still walked up to Zhang Chong and said, "Please check with the teacher, did the bullet enter from the front?" It turned out that Zhang Chong was very strict in running the army and often said to the soldiers: "We Yi ancestors had a rule in running the army: those who have swords and arrows in front will be rewarded; He who is invulnerable in the back hurts his back with a knife. We 184 Division must not be afraid of death and be deserters with bullets on our backs. Whoever humiliated our ancestors will not be spared by military law! "
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On May 18, under the cover of night and smoke bombs, the 60th Army was ordered to withdraw from its position, becoming the last army to withdraw from the Japanese encirclement after the 5th Theater abandoned Xuzhou. At this point, the warriors have stuck to Yuwang Mountain for 20 days and nights, and dozens of Japanese attacks under the cover of planes and tanks have never been able to make a leap. More than half of the 40,000 soldiers in the whole army were killed or injured, and three athletes wrote a glorious and tragic page in the history of China's Anti-Japanese War with their blood and lives!
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In Wang Yushan's bloody battle, Japanese newspapers exclaimed: "Since the September 18th War with China's army, it's really rare to encounter the Yunnan army charging so violently and risking their lives." Chiang Kai-shek also had to admire the Yunnan Army and called Lu Han, commander of the 60th Army: "Your heroic struggle is very gratifying. ..... I hope to inspire our department and continue to strive to overwhelm the enemy to show national prestige. " Wang Yushan fought a military power and a national power in World War I. Zhang Chong also won the title of "anti-Japanese star", because the Yi people worship tigers and the people respectfully call him "General Hei Hu".
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After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek launched a civil war. 1946165438+10 In October, Zhang Chong took advantage of the Nanjing National Congress and came to Yan 'an with his family under the arrangement of Dong and others. 1947 In February, under the care of Zhu De, Zhang Chong, a follower of the revolution, joined China. After accepting the appointment of the central government, he moved to the northeast front, and successively served as senior staff officer of the Northeast People's Command and vice chairman of the Songjiang Provincial People's Congress. After the founding of New China, he served as a member of Southwest Military and Political Committee, vice chairman and vice governor of Yunnan Provincial People's Congress, and vice chairman of China People's Political Consultative Conference.
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Jin Jiu Tiger Leaping Gorge
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The top of the mountain is covered with snow all year round, flowers and trees are lush on the mountainside, fish play waterfalls under the mountain, forests and grass are everywhere outside the mountain, and the scenery coexists on five continents and all over the world; The water source is thousands of glaciers, and the water is urgent for ten days. The water side is steep and steep, and the water cuts the lake for hundreds of miles. It's trillions of labor, grain, cotton, oil and coal, and the gorge is endless. Banner: Unique.
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This is a couplet written when crossing the Tiger Leaping Gorge. The couplets are magnificent and contain the heart of loving hometown and serving the mulberry.
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If Zhang Chong was a brave horse in the first half of his life, he made contributions on the battlefield; Then, Zhang Chong devoted his second half of his life to people's livelihood and water conservancy.
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One of the basic points of Zhang Chong's standing in the world is to benefit the people. During his military career before the revolution, he did many things beneficial to the people. He attached great importance to water conservancy construction, helped raise funds in many ways, donated money by himself, and built Luochuanba water conservancy project in Guangtong County, turning the vast and barren dam into ten thousand mu of fertile land. After 1956, cctop devoted its main energy to the investigation and study of water conservancy construction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and put forward a number of water conservancy projects developed by Jinsha River. After continuous investigation, research and study, he became an expert in water conservancy. Under his leadership, the province has built a number of large and medium-sized reservoirs and main water diversion channels, which has significantly improved the water conservancy conditions in Yunnan and promoted the development of agriculture.
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In water conservancy construction, what haunts him is the Hutiaoxia water conservancy project. Zhang Chong's son, Zhang Mao, wrote in his commemorative article: "At ordinary times, whenever the Jinsha River is mentioned, my father gets excited and his eyes suddenly appear particularly bright. Speaking of the advantages of Jinsha River development, his tone is sonorous, just like the endless Jinsha River water ... "In order to develop the Jinsha River's hydraulic resources, he crossed Tiger Leaping Gorge nine times.
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Tiger Leaping Gorge is one of the world-famous grand canyons. It was named Tiger Leaping Gorge because it is said that a tiger jumped over the river from a boulder in the river. On both sides of the canyon, the mountains are opposite, the peaks are inserted into the clouds, the slopes are steep, and the huge rock walls stand like knives and axes. The width of the rivers in the canyon is less than 100 meter, and the narrowest part is only about 30 meters. The river rushes in with the collapse of heaven and earth. When entering the gorge, it is really dangerous to see a crack in the sky and a dragon in the river. The head is steep and the feet are near the rapids, and sometimes rocks fall into the river on the hillside. However, Zhang Chong didn't evade the importance and went to the scene nine times. Most of the time, he rode or walked, and his thigh was worn by the saddle, but he didn't care. After careful on-the-spot investigation, he put forward that Tiger Leaping Gorge should be taken as the research focus, and the natural characteristics of high mountain, deep valley, narrow riverbed and sparsely populated should be used to fill the valley by artificial blasting, so as to form a high dam and large reservoir, and a channel should be excavated from the vicinity of Shigu to the south to introduce the Jinsha River water into Erhai Lake by itself, and then the water can be diverted into Dianchi Lake through the second artificial canal in Yunnan. That is, the grand idea of "introducing gold (Jinsha River) into Yunnan and opening five lakes" is to solve the problem that water shortage has always restricted Yunnan's development in the history of central Yunnan.
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1980 In the spring, 80-year-old Zhang Chong visited the upper reaches of Jinsha River for the ninth time. Unfortunately, he got sick on the way and died later. Before his death, he kept thinking about the Tiger Leaping Gorge water conservancy project and told his family to scatter ashes into the Tiger Leaping Gorge after his death.
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Chen Yaozhong, an old subordinate of General Zhang Chong, once wrote a poem praising the great achievements of the general: "The general asked Wucai River how many times. Huyue Monument will last forever, and Sanjiangyuan waves will comfort the loyal soul. " 1 988 65438+1October1day, the people of Shangri-La County (formerly Zhongdian County) erected a marble monument-"Tiger Leaping Gorge Monument" with the statue of Flying Tiger at the intersection of Shuoduogang River and Jinsha River.
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The monument stands on the earth, and Zhang Chong's noble patriotic sentiment and the spirit of serving the people wholeheartedly will always be remembered in the hearts of people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan.
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