After the reform and opening up, farmers are only allowed to enjoy the right to contract, and have no other rights. They are much more flexible than before, and they have preferential conditions, that is, they can work on the contracted land for generations unless the government demands it back. In some places, the contract system is not implemented, and collective ownership and collective management are still implemented. For example, Huaxi Village, the first village in China, is a typical example of public-owned agriculture. Without the contract system, the economy has developed at a high speed and production has progressed. This shows that there is no problem with the basic agricultural system of the country before the reform, and public-owned agriculture can continue. However, due to the lack of execution, management level and population quality in various places, the failure of public-owned agriculture eventually led to it, which was simply ahead of schedule.

Later, the fact of population movement introduced a policy, and the land contracted by farmers could be contracted twice. However, in some places, it is also legal to use government forces to recover abandoned land and redistribute it, or to contract it out in villages before farmers contract it twice.