Joint system in Han dynasty
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, officials were in charge of the nobility, which was called "Qing Shilu" (official generation, grain generation) system. With the establishment of the State of Qin, the electoral officer system, which was completely related by blood, was banned, and Qin Ershi died. As the first feudal dynasty in the history of China, due to many imperfect systems, this important task fell into the hands of the Han Dynasty.
In order to meet the needs of national rule, a series of brand-new official selection systems were established in the Han Dynasty. After the continuous improvement of several emperors, such as Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Wendi, Emperor Jingdi and Emperor Wudi, the procuratorial system came into being.
Observation organization, that is, local governors inspect talents at any time within their jurisdiction, recommend them to superiors or the central government, and appoint official positions after evaluation.
However, because the power is in the hands of local governors, the selected talents have close interests with officials who are often recommended. These elected talents, after taking office, become the subordinates of the previously elected Chief Executive. Big officials and their subordinates control actions, form groups and increase political power. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were several families who valued the world. Through the exchange of interests, these aristocratic families controlled a state and a county, forming a local separatist force.
After the Cao Wei era and the Han Dynasty, Cao Pi adopted Chen Qun's suggestion and established a "nine-level legal system". In other words, authorization is graded according to the level of talent evaluation products. However, due to the destruction of the war, ordinary people can't even survive, let alone train their children, so the elected officials are basically from an old family.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, Jiupin Zheng Zhi system paid more and more attention to the family background and origin of appraisers, so that there was no poverty for the top grade and no gentry for the bottom grade. The Jiupin Zheng Zhi system became a tool to consolidate the strength of gentry.
After Yongjia Rebellion, Si Marui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty with the support of the gentry in the south and the gentry in the north. Because of the influence of the Eight Kings Rebellion and the invasion of Wuhu, the influence of Sima royal family was greatly weakened, and it had to rely on the strength of the gentry to maintain the country, as was the case in the Eastern Jin Dynasty? Is there a king in the world? During this period, the gentry class also reached its peak. ?