Neanderthals were the earliest living groups in ancient China, and they had learned to make artificial fires. About four or five thousand years ago, the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di were famous tribal leaders in the Yellow River valley in ancient legends of China. They later formed an alliance, and after long-term development, they formed the future Chinese nation.
Later generations revered the Yellow Emperor as "the ancestor of mankind". Today, overseas Chinese often proudly call themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".
Around 2070 BC, Yu established the Xia Dynasty, which was the first dynasty in the history of China. From then on, China entered slave society from primitive society.
After Yu's death, Qi succeeded to the throne and became the second generation king of Xia Dynasty. Since then, the hereditary system has replaced the abdication system, and the "public world" has become the "home world".
According to legend, Yu Jian's capital is in Yangcheng. About 65438 BC+0600 BC, the Shang Dynasty was established in the Tang Dynasty, and Pan Geng, the king of the Shang Dynasty, moved to Yin, and later called the Shang Dynasty Yin.
BC 1046, Zhou Jun defeated the Shang army in Konoha, and the Shang Dynasty perished. King Wu established the Zhou Dynasty with pickaxe as its capital, which was called the Western Zhou Dynasty in history.
In order to consolidate the rule, the Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system, and then gradually formed a strict hierarchical system. The famous bronzes in Shang Dynasty are Simu Wuding and Siyang Fangzun.
10 During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the "Sanxingdui" culture, which prevailed in Chengdu Plain in southwest China, was a unique bronze culture. In 770 BC, it moved eastward to Romania, known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
12 The famous monarchs in the Spring and Autumn Period were Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong and Chu Zhuangwang. Through the battle of Chengpu, Jin Wengong became the overlord of the Central Plains.
13 Seven, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han in the Warring States Period. In 260 BC, Qin and Zhao fought an unprecedented fierce battle of Changping, and Zhao was defeated, so the six eastern countries could no longer resist Qin Jun's attack.
15 During the Spring and Autumn Period, iron farm tools began to appear in China. 16 Dujiangyan was built by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County, Qin State, in the middle reaches of Minjiang River. It is a world-famous flood control and irrigation project.
17 After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin became the most prosperous feudal country at the end of the Warring States Period. 18 The characters carved by Shang merchants on tortoise shells or animal bones are called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions", and the history of China's characters began in Shang Dynasty.
19 According to legend, there was a calendar in the Xia Dynasty, and today's lunar calendar is also called the "summer calendar". Bian Que, a famous doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, summed up the four diagnostic methods of looking, smelling, asking and cutting that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.
2 1 At the end of the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan, a Chu poet, wrote Li Sao, which was recognized as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council. The earliest military book in the world is The Art of War written by Sun Wu.
In 22 1 year BC, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, destroyed six countries one after another, and established the first unified and centralized feudal country in the history of China, with Xianyang as its capital. The Central Committee of the Qin Dynasty has Prime Minister, Qiu and Qiu, who are in charge of administration, military affairs and supervision.
The county system is implemented locally. The Qin Dynasty has a vast territory, stretching to the East China Sea in the east, Longxi in the west, the Great Wall in the north and the South China Sea in the south.
In 209 BC, the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu was the first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of China. In 202 BC, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty with Chang 'an as its capital, known as the Western Han Dynasty in history.
At the beginning of Han Dynasty, the rulers practiced the policy of recuperation. By the end of Emperor Jingdi, the granary of the country was full, and the copper coins in the treasury were inexhaustible. Historically, the rule of this period was called "the rule of culture and scenery". In 1 19 BC, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing defeated the Huns in the northern desert, and the Huns were unable to fight against the Western Han Dynasty.
Zhang Qian was sent to the Western Regions twice by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the contacts between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions became more and more frequent. In 30 BC and 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty * * * established the Western Regions Duhu, which was in charge of the affairs of the Western Regions. Since then, Xinjiang has become an inseparable part of our country.
3 1 Cai Lun improved papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty and made great contributions to world culture. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng made a seismograph, which is recognized as the earliest seismic instrument in the world.
The most famous doctors in Han Dynasty were Hua Tuo and Zhang Zhongjing. The former was filmed as * * * agent Ma Fei San, and the medical gymnastics "Five Animals Play" was compiled.
The latter was written as Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and later generations honored him as a "medical sage". Taoism is a native religion in China. One of its founders was Zhang Ling.
Historical Records written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, describes the historical facts from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, and is the first biographical general history in China. In 220, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Wei and Luoyang as its capital.
In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han, and was known as Shu in history. In 222, Sun Quan became king, with the title of Wu, and later established Jianye as its capital.
Formed a tripartite confrontation between the three countries. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Wu fleet arrived in Yizhou, which strengthened the connection between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province.
In 38.266 AD, Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, which was called "Western Jin Dynasty" in history. In 280, the army of the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out the State of Wu, ending the situation of division.
At the end of the 39th century and the beginning of the 4th century, the Miao people established the pre-Qin regime. Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties was a famous mathematician and astronomer in ancient China.
The Book of Qi Yao Min, written by Jia Sixie in the Northern Dynasties in April1year, is the first complete agricultural work in China. Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is regarded as the best running script in the world, and later generations call it "the sage of books".
Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty created many paintings in his life, including A History of Women and A Picture of Luoshen. Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province and Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province excavated in the Northern Dynasties are famous grottoes.
The Qin Dynasty was founded in 22 1 year BC and died in 207 BC, lasting 14 years. The Western Han Dynasty was founded in 202 BC and died in 9 AD, lasting 2 10 years. The Eastern Han Dynasty was founded in 25 AD and died in 220 AD, lasting 195 years. 46 56 is 65438+1950s; 125 is1920s; 13 1 1 year is the beginning of14th century; 1994 was in the 1990s, that is, at the end of the 20th century.
According to archaeological data, Wuxi has a history of more than 6000 years. The founder of the State of Wu is Taibo, whose birthplace is Wuxi Meili.
49 Wuxi place names were first seen in Sima Qian's Historical Records. In Tang Dynasty, Cheng Jing, the magistrate of Wuxi County, dug Huishan Huishan, and Lu Yu named it the second spring in the world in Tea Classic.
5 1 Wuxi Donglin academy's famous couplet is the sound of reading in the wind and rain, which can be heard; Family affairs, state affairs and world affairs are all concerned. In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty seized the Northern Zhou regime, established the Sui Dynasty, and made Chang 'an its capital.
● In 589, the Sui Dynasty.