From 65438 to 0979, Robin Warren, an Australian pathologist, observed a curved bacterium on the mucosa of gastric antrum of patients with chronic gastritis. Perhaps this is the first time that Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been concerned by human beings. Before that, no one believed that any bacteria could survive in gastric acid environment. Next, Robin cooperated with another gastroenterologist, Barry Marshall, to study the relationship between this bacterium and gastritis and peptic ulcer. Barry Marshall did something crazy to prove this relationship. He drank the bacteria. The next thing is logical. The discovery of Hp is a great discovery, which can be compared with gastrointestinal endoscopy and proton pump inhibitors. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori and the appearance of proton pump inhibitors have cured peptic ulcer with drugs. Triple therapy combined with proton pump inhibitors can significantly improve the cure rate and HP clearance rate of peptic ulcer (the recurrence rate of ulcer treated with routine acid suppression is as high as 50% to 70%, and the recurrence rate drops below 5% after HP eradication), with good prognosis and significantly reduced mortality. Prior to this, gastric ulcer and perforation were all treated by subtotal gastrectomy, which caused various complications (adhesion obstruction, dyspepsia, and most elderly patients in gastroenterology department had a history of subtotal gastrectomy). Two Australian doctors won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering HP, benefiting all mankind.