1, Opium War
1840 (20 years of Daoguang), the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu and Humen destroyed opium. In June, 1840, Major General Antony Blaquez Rand Stransham and Charles Elliot led 47 British ships and 4,000 army personnel to reach the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocking Haikou, and the Opium War began.
The Opium War ended with China's failure and reparations. China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's history. China began to cede territory, pay reparations and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty, became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the natural economy. At the same time, the Opium War also opened a new chapter in the history of modern China people's resistance to foreign aggression.
2. The Second Opium War
The Second Opium War was a war of aggression against China jointly launched by Britain and France with the support of Russia and the United States. In order to further open the China market and expand the interests of aggression in China, Britain and France used the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in China as an excuse to jointly attack the Qing government under the pretext of Yarrow Incident and Ma Fu Incident. This is a war of aggression against China launched by Britain and France to expand the rights and interests of aggression.
The American and Russian fishermen benefit. The Tianjin Treaty and the Beijing Treaty signed by the four countries forced the Qing government to lose more territory and sovereignty in China, and foreign aggression expanded to coastal provinces and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The degree of semi-colonization of China society has further deepened.
3. Burning Yuanmingyuan
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing, they occupied Yuanmingyuan. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wenfeng, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. Chang Ai, who lived in the garden, was scared to death. With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British leader Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan.
3,500 British and French troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire didn't go out for three days. Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned into ruins. In Anyou Palace, nearly 300 eunuchs, maids-in-waiting, and craftsmen were buried in the sea of fire. Turn this world-famous garden into ruins. The fire burned for three days and nights and became a rare atrocity in the history of world civilization.
4. July 7th Incident
1On the night of July 7th, 937, when the Japanese army was exercising near Lugou Bridge in the southwest of Beiping, they asked to enter Wanping County for a search on the pretext that a soldier was "missing", but 29 army, the defender of China, refused. The Japanese army then shot at the defenders of China and shelled the ancient city of Wanping. The 29th Army rose up against Japan. This is the July 7th Incident that shocked China and foreign countries, also known as the Lugouqiao Incident. The July 7th Incident was the beginning of Japanese imperialism's full-scale war of aggression against China and the starting point of the Chinese nation's full-scale war of resistance.
5. September 18th Incident
/KOOC-0/93/KOOC-0/September/8, 2008/KOOC-0/8, under the arrangement of the Japanese Kwantung Army, the railway "guard" blew up the Nanman railway track near Shenyang Liutiao Lake (built by China and later occupied by Japan) and planted the Japanese army. The Japanese army used this as an excuse to shell Shenyang Beidaying on the grounds of "September 18th Incident". The next day, the Japanese army invaded Shenyang and successively invaded the three northeastern provinces. 1February 932, the whole northeast fell. From then on, the Japanese established the puppet regime of Manchukuo in the northeast of China, and began to enslave and colonize the northeast people for 14 years.
The "September 18th Incident" was the inevitable result of Japanese imperialism's long-term policy of aggression and expansion against China, and it was also an important step to turn China into its exclusive colony. At the same time, it marked the beginning of the world anti-fascist war and kicked off the eastern battlefield of World War II.