1, the main content of the new culture movement (P39)

① Starting logo: 19 15. Chen Duxiu founded New Youth and put forward the slogan of democracy and science.

② Representative figures: Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shi and Lu Xun.

③ Main contents: advocate democracy and oppose autocracy; Advocating science and opposing superstition; Advocate new morality and oppose old morality; Advocate new literature and oppose old literature.

2. "Dawn of the new century" (No.8 P40): refers to the October socialist revolution in Russia.

Li Dazhao was the first person to raise the banner of socialism. 19 18, he published "The Victory of the Common People" and "The Victory of Bolshevism", predicting: "Look at the future of the world, it must be a world where the red flag will not fall!"

3. Evaluation: The New Culture Movement is an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement in the history of China. It inspires people to pursue democracy and science, explores the truth of saving the country and the people, creates conditions for the spread of Marxism in China, and promotes the May 4th Movement. However, in the New Culture Movement, there was also a bias of absolute negation or absolute affirmation to the eastern and western cultures, which had an impact on later generations.

Thirteen. The Historical Significance of the May 4th Movement (P47)

1, fuse: The Paris Peace Conference rejected China's just demand. (45 pages)

2. Slogan: "Fight for sovereignty outside, exclude traitors inside", cancel "Article 21", oppose signing a peace treaty with Germany, and punish traitors Cao Rulin and others.

Results: After the initial victory, three traitors were dismissed and refused to sign the "Peace Treaty".

4. Historical significance: ① This is a thorough patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism.

(2) The working class in China began to enter the historical stage as an independent political force.

It marks the great beginning of China's new-democratic revolution.

④ It promoted the combination of Marxism and China workers' movement, and prepared the conditions for the establishment of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Fourteen The establishment of China (P47-48)

1, date of establishment:1921July 23rd.

2. Place of establishment: Shanghai (later transferred to Jiaxing, Zhejiang)

3. The first congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held.

(The Congress adopted the party program and determined that the party's goal is to overthrow the bourgeois regime, establish the dictatorship of the proletariat and realize communism; The central task of the party is to lead the workers' movement. The Congress elected a new leading organization-C.O., with Chen Duxiu as the secretary. )

4. Significance of establishment: The establishment of China was an epoch-making event in the history of China, which brought a new look to the China Revolution.

Fifteenth, the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party: (P50)

1924 The convening of the "First Congress of the Kuomintang" marked the formal establishment of the revolutionary United front based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, that is, the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was realized.

XVI. Northern Expedition (1926) (P5 1-52)

1. the goal of the northern expedition: to overthrow the rule of the northern warlords and unify the whole country.

2. The main object of the Northern Expedition: Zhang; Wu Pei was captured; Sun Fangchuan.

3. Advance team of the Northern Expedition: Ye Ting Independent Mission. (successively won the battles of Tingsi Bridge and Heshengqiao, and its fourth army was called "Iron Army")

Seventeen, Nanchang uprising (P55):

1, 1 August 9271day, under the leadership of China, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Zhu De and others led the revolutionary army to hold an armed uprising in Nanchang.

2. The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang, which marked that China established the People's Army and began to lead the revolutionary war independently.

Eighteen, the autumn harvest uprising (1September 9, 927) (P56):

Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the reorganization of Sanwan established the party's absolute leadership over the army and laid the foundation for building a new type of people's army. The uprising team later established a revolutionary base area in Jinggangshan, which opened the road to victory of the China revolution.

19. The establishment of Jinggangshan revolutionary base area is the first rural revolutionary base area led by China.

(Page 8, page 56)

1. Founder: Mao Zedong.

2. The significance of China's establishment of revolutionary base areas in rural areas: The establishment of rural base areas such as Jinggangshan opened a road to victory for the China revolution, that is, the city turned to the countryside, the rural base areas were created, and the cities were surrounded by the countryside, and finally national victory was achieved. This is a road to victory that suits China's national conditions.

20. Zunyi Conference: (/KLOC-0 was held in Zunyi in 935) (P6 1 August)

1, content: corrected the "left" adventurism mistake; Affirmed Mao Zedong's correct proposition; Military command by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, etc.

2. Significance: ① Ending the rule of Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism in the CPC Central Committee;

(2) Established the leading position of the CPC Central Committee with Mao Zedong as the core;

(3) Saved the Party, the Red Army and the revolution at a critical juncture;

(4) The turning point of life and death in the history of the Party.

21. The Long March of the Red Army (193410-193610) (P60-62)

1. Reason: The fifth anti-encirclement campaign of the Red Army failed and the "Left" adventurism mistakes flooded.

2. At the beginning: 1934 10, the Red Army withdrew from the Central Revolutionary Base.

3. Passing through: the central base area-marching into Guizhou-liberating Zunyi-crossing Chishui River (disrupting the enemy's pursuit plan)-crossing Jinsha River (jumping out of the enemy's encirclement)-crossing Dadu River-flying over Luding Bridge.

4. Victory symbol: 1936 10 Huining, Gansu, the three main forces of the Red Army.

5. Historical significance of victory: The attempt of the Kuomintang reactionaries to stifle the China revolution was shattered, and the China revolution turned the corner.

Twenty-two, "nine? The 18th incident (the 8th P69):

1,1931September 2008 18, the Japanese bombed the Nanman railway track in Liutiaohu village, Shenyang, and then attacked Shenyang. The three northeastern provinces fell within six months.

This is the beginning of Japan's large-scale invasion of China in order to pass on the economic crisis.

Twenty-three Xi event (P70-7 1):

1,19361February 12, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng detained Chiang Kai-shek in Xi 'an and forced him to resist Japan.

2. Proceeding from the overall situation of national liberation, China adopted the correct policy of peaceful settlement of the Xi incident.

3. Chiang Kai-shek was forced to accept stopping the civil war and uniting with communist party to resist Japan.

4. The peaceful settlement of the 4.Xi 'an incident became the key to change the current situation, which marked the basic end of the civil war situation for ten years and the initial formation of the anti-Japanese national united front.

July 7th Incident (also known as Lugouqiao Incident) P74):

1On July 7th, 937, the Japanese army shelled the ancient city of Wanping near Lugou Bridge, and 29 army fought back, marking the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China.

Twenty-five, the realization of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party: It marks the formal establishment of the anti-Japanese national United front. (Grade 8 P75)

The Kuomintang issued the China Declaration on Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and Chiang Kai-shek made a speech recognizing the legal status of China.

26. Nanjing Massacre (P76):

1937 12, Nanjing was occupied, and the Japanese army killed more than 300,000 soldiers and civilians in China.

Twenty-seven, Xing Ping Guan Dajie (P79 No.8):

The first great victory since the Anti-Japanese War was won by the Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division, which broke the myth that the Japanese army was invincible.

Twenty-eight, Taierzhuang campaign (P79):

In the battle of Xuzhou commanded by Li Zongren, China army won the battle of Taierzhuang. The Battle of Taierzhuang was a great victory on the front battlefield of the Kuomintang.

29. Yan 'an, where the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is located, is the strategic general rear of the battlefield behind enemy lines. (Eight on P80)

Thirty, Hundred Regiments War (P80):

The Eighth Route Army, commanded by Peng, was the biggest battle of China's active attack during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, which greatly enhanced the ambition of the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians.

XXXI. The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) (P8 1-82):

1, in order to completely defeat the Japanese invaders and solve the problem of China's development future after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

2. 1945 In April, China * * * held the 7th National Congress in Yan 'an.

3. At the meeting, Mao Zedong made a report on "On the Coalition Government" and formulated the party's political line: "Mobilize the masses, strengthen the people's strength, defeat the Japanese aggressors under the leadership of the party, liberate the people of the whole country, and establish a new-democratic China."

4. The congress prepared the conditions for the final victory of China Revolution.

Thirty-two, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory (P83):

1,1945 August 15, Japan announced its unconditional surrender.

2. Events that accelerated the surrender of Japanese fascists: (1)1945 In August, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. (2) The Soviet Union declared war on Japan and sent troops to the northeast of China. (3) Mao Zedong published "The Last Battle against the Japanese aggressors", calling for a national strategic counterattack.

3. The significance of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory: This is the greatest national liberation war in China's modern history. It has changed the situation that the people of China have been repeatedly defeated in the anti-aggression war for more than 100 years, and achieved a complete victory in anti-aggression for the first time.

Chongqing negotiation (P89): "We should not only defeat Chiang Kai-shek, but also defeat him."

1. Purpose: Do everything possible to strive for peace and expose Chiang Kai-shek's plot to fake peace and real civil war.

2. Time: August1945-June 10.

3. Chinese Communist Party negotiators: Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei.

4. Result: The agreement (10, 10) was signed on October 0/0.

On the 34th, Liu Deng's army entered the Dabie Mountains, which was the beginning of the People's Liberation Army's strategic offensive and the prelude to the counter-offensive. (Grade 8 P90-9 1)

Thirty-five, three major battles (P93-96):

1, 65438+September 0948-65438+1October 0949.

2. Liaoshen Campaign: Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan commanded the Northeast People's Liberation Army to liberate the Northeast. (page 93)

3. Huaihai Campaign: Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yi commanded the Central Plains People's Liberation Army and the East China People's Liberation Army, which laid the foundation for the liberation of the provinces south of the Yangtze River. (page 95)

4. Battle of Ping Jin: The Northeast People's Liberation Army and the North China People's Liberation Army jointly liberated Beiping peacefully and basically liberated North China, which laid the foundation for national victory. (page 95)

5. The role of the three major campaigns: basically wiped out the main forces of the Kuomintang and greatly accelerated the victory of the national people's liberation war.

36. Battle of Crossing the River (P96): Hukou, Jiangxi to Jiangyin, Jiangsu.

1the liberation of Nanjing on April 23, 949 marked the end of Kuomintang rule in the mainland.

37. Thinkers who open their eyes to see the world (P 1 14):

1. To change the status quo, we must learn from the strengths of the West.

2. National Map:

(1) Author: Wei Yuan, who lived during the Opium War.

(2) The purpose of the book: "Learn from foreigners to control foreigners": Learn from foreigners to control foreigners.

(3) Content: Introduce the history and geography of Southeast Asia, Europe and America systematically.

3. Evolution theory:

(1) Author: Yan Fu, an enlightenment thinker during the Reform Movement of 1898.

(2) Proposition: The only way to save the country is to follow the example of the West and carry out prestige reform.

(3) progressive viewpoint: propagate "natural selection, survival of the fittest" and "the world must progress and the future will be better than today".

(4) Significance: At that time, China inspired intellectuals to explore the advanced western society, and also attacked the feudal diehard forces.