1. Three teaching plans of ancient poetry in the third lesson of sixth grade Chinese.
Teaching objectives 1. Can write eight words such as "Gong and Hou".
2. Read the text with emotion. Recite the text.
3. Combine the comments to understand the meaning of the poem, and experience the scenes described by the ancient poems and the thoughts and feelings expressed.
first kind
First, introduce new lessons to stimulate interest.
1. Introduce a new lesson: Spring is beautiful, and people want their lives to be as quiet and beautiful as spring. Du Fu sang the praise of spring with flowers, butterflies and warblers, and recited "Looking for Flowers Alone by the River" together. Let's walk into Chang 'an in spring and see the scene of the Cold Food Festival.
2. Know poets and interpret poems.
Han Yi was born in Nanyang (now Henan). Tianbao Jinshi official to Zhongshu Sheren, one of the "Ten Talents in Dali". The original collection of poems was edited by the Ming Dynasty, but it was later lost.
Cold Food Festival is a traditional festival in China. Cooking can't be started during festivals/0/~ 2 days before Tomb-Sweeping Day every year.
Second, read pronunciation correctly and learn new words and phrases by yourself.
1. Learn Chinese characters "Yu" and "Mu" by yourself. Instruct students to distinguish "sunset" from "curtain" in a sense, so as to understand the meaning of "sunset".
2. Reading poems by name requires accurate reading and understanding.
Read the poem again and draw the pause and stress.
Third, reread ancient poems and feel poetic.
(A) conjunctions into sentences, understanding poetry.
1. Think about the meaning of each word. What if I can't? (Look up the dictionary and notes)
Spring city: refers to the capital of spring.
Cold food: Cold food festival, from winter to the future 105 days, before Tomb-Sweeping Day 1~2 days, and cooking is not allowed during the festival.
Imperial willow: the willow in the imperial garden.
Han Palace: Han Palace here refers to Tang Palace.
Passing candles: it is forbidden to light a fire during the Cold Food Festival, but the court presents candles to the duke and duchess's houses, and those who receive them can light them.
Wuhou: refers to the son of heaven's favorite minister.
2. Connect the words into sentences and talk about the meaning of this sentence in the group.
"The spring city is full of flowers, and the cold food is easterly and the willows are oblique."
At the end of spring, Liu Xufei is everywhere in Chang 'an, and the east wind blows willow in the imperial city during the Cold Food Festival.
"At dusk, candles were passed in the Han Palace, and light smoke was scattered into the Five Emperors Hall."
In the evening, the Han Palace sent candles to the princes and ministers, and the light smoke drifted to the emperor's favorite home.
3. Report to the class. What did you read? Are there any questions you don't understand? )
(2) Expand imagination and understand poetry.
"The spring city is full of flowers, and the cold food is easterly and willows are oblique."
1. Say the first sentence. What is the scene in front of you? (blackboard writing: flying willow)
2. What is the scene of "flying flowers"? What are the characteristics of writing flowers in Flying Flowers Everywhere? Falling flowers dance with the wind, writing the lightness and beauty of flowers. )
(1) To say "flying flowers" instead of "falling flowers" means to write flowers openly and write the wind secretly. The word "fly" has a far-reaching meaning. From this, we can fully appreciate the poet's kung fu of refining ci.
(2) Guide reading the beauty of Flowers Fly and Willow Shake.
(3) double negation style greatly strengthened the positive tone, effectively highlighting the grand occasion that the whole city has been immersed in Fuchun.
3. What are the customs of the Cold Food Festival? Fire and cold food are forbidden in the Cold Food Festival. )
"At dusk, candles were passed in the Han Palace, and light smoke was scattered into the Five Emperors Hall."
4. What is Chang 'an like at sunset? Read the second sentence by name.
5. What do you see? what do you think? What are you going to say? (blackboard writing: candles? Light smoke)
Fourth, supplement information to deepen understanding.
1. Supplement the information collected before class, understand the background of the times at that time, and understand the meaning of this poem from your own point of view.
2. People forbid fire during the Cold Food Festival, but the Han Palace uses candles to make a fire. What does this mean?
(The emperor's charter etiquette "Five Emperors" made an exception and lit candles and sent them directly from the palace, allegorizing the privileges in the palace and the special favor of eunuchs. )
Five, familiar with reading into chanting, expanding and extending.
1. Read the whole poem aloud and read it as a recitation.
2. Collect the writing background of this poem after class and exchange your opinions with your classmates.
blackboard-writing design
An outdated festival (Qingming Festival) that started one or two days ago in Tomb-Sweeping Day, when only cold food is served for three days.
Expressing dissatisfaction with the metaphor of China today.
Second lesson
First, introduce new lessons to stimulate interest.
1. Show the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, and ask: What is this story? Please tell the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
2. Introduce a new lesson: Today we will learn a poem related to this story, Cowherd Star.
Write it on the blackboard and explain the meaning of the question. (From nineteen ancient poems. The author is unknown, and the book was written in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Far away, far away)
Second, read ancient poems for the first time and clear the word barriers.
1. Read poems freely in Pinyin. Read each other at the same table and communicate collectively. Guide the students to read the following words.
Transfer to Australia, Jiaojiao (Ji 'ao Ji 'ao) and Zhu 'ao.
Zaza (zhá zhá) sewing machine
2. Focus on guiding the writing of the four new words "Su, Zhang, Ying and Pulse", and pay attention to the occupation and stroke order of the words.
3. Read ancient poetry and the rhythm of poetry.
Titiao/Altair, Jiao Jiao/He Hannv.
Hand in hand, hand in hand, hand in hand.
All day/no chapter, tears/no rain.
Hanshui/clear and shallow, different/complex.
Yingying/Yishui, affectionate/speechless.
Third, combine notes to understand poetry.
1. With the help of notes, understand the meaning of each poem and communicate in groups.
2. Report to the class.
(1) Report the meaning of the word.
Tiao: It's far away.
Altair: Opposite Vega across the Milky Way, commonly known as Altair, is the main star of Eagle constellation, in the east of the Milky Way.
Jiao Jiao: Bright appearance.
Hehan: Galaxy.
Hehan female: refers to Vega, the main star of Lyra in the west of the Milky Way. Vega and Altair are opposite each other across the Milky Way.
"Reach out and pull it out.
Sue: White.
Noise from the loom.
Loom: The shuttle of a loom.
Chapter: patterned textiles, here refers to the whole piece of cloth and silk.
Zero: down.
How much: How much.
Yingying: described as clear.
Pulse: Express your feelings with your eyes.
(2) linking words into sentences to convey the meaning of each poem.
(Look at that day) The distant Altair, the bright Vega.
Weaver (Weaver) stretched out her slender white hand and was fiddling with the loom (weaving), making a weaving sound.
(She misses the cowherd and has no intention of knitting), so she didn't knit a whole piece of cloth all day, and she burst into tears.
The Milky Way is clear and shallow. How far apart?
Although separated by a river, we can only stare deeply and cannot talk in words.
Fourth, read sentiment and experience emotion.
1. Read the ancient poems again and talk to your classmates about what the poems express.
The sad and unfortunate feelings that the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd can't meet each other across the Milky Way. )
2. Where does the poem reflect the sadness and misfortune of the Weaver Girl?
I can't break the chapter for a day, crying like rain. Between water and water, there are no words. )
Five, familiar with reading into chanting, expanding and extending.
1. Read carefully and communicate in groups: What impression did the Weaver Girl in the poem leave on you? (Beautiful, hardworking, lonely, sad and painful)
2. It is recommended to read Cowherd and Weaver Girl.
blackboard-writing design
Distant Altair
Beauty, hard work, loneliness and sadness.
The third category
First, introduce new lessons to stimulate interest.
1. Create a situation to stimulate interest. What do you see (a quiet and beautiful night, a moon like a jade plate hanging high in the night sky)?
What do you think of when you see the moon? Inspire students to expand their imagination. (You can read ancient poems about the moon)
2. Introduce a new lesson: Today we will learn another poem about the moon, and watch the moon for fifteen nights.
Second, explain the meaning of the problem and clarify the author.
1 .15 Night: the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.
2. Wang Jian, born in Zhongchu, Xuzhou (now Xuchang, Henan), was a Tang Jinshi, and was once Zhao Yingcheng and Weinan Wei. Life is hard, and the evening scenery is particularly bleak. In his early years, he was famous for his palace poems. After middle age, his poetic style changed. His Yuefu poems reflect the life of working people in many ways and expose the atrocities of the ruling class. The language is simple and clear, concise, the style is concise and refreshing, and the seven-character style is well used.
Third, read ancient poems for the first time and clear the obstacles of writing.
1. Read poems freely in Pinyin. Read each other at the same table and communicate collectively.
2. Focus on guiding the writing of the two new words "habitat" and "crow". Note that the right side of the word "habitat" is "west", without a cross. "Crow" is a left-right structure, so we should pay attention to the insertion and avoidance of strokes when writing.
3. Read ancient poetry and the rhythm of poetry.
Atrium/Dubai/Arboreal Crow, Coody Leng/Silent/Wet Osmanthus fragrans.
Tonight/the moon/people look forward to it. I wonder/Qiu Si/who will stay?
Fourth, combine notes to understand poetry.
1. With the help of notes, understand the meaning of each poem and communicate in groups.
2. Report to the class.
(1) Report the meaning of the word.
Atrium: that is, in the court and courtyard.
Ground white: The moonlight shines on the ground of the courtyard, like a layer of frost.
Habitat: rest, rest.
Coody Leng: Cold dew.
Wet: wet.
Qiu Si: Autumn love refers to homesickness and homesickness.
2 conjunctions into sentences, feeling poetry.
The mid-autumn moon shines in the yard, and the ground seems to be frosted, and crows perch on the branches.
Late at night, the cold autumn dew quietly wet the osmanthus in the yard. People are watching the bright moon tonight. I wonder whose home will miss that autumn?
Fifth, read sentiment and experience emotion.
1. What traditional customs are written in the article? What other traditional customs do you know?
Read the ancient poem again and communicate with your classmates: How does this poem express the author's feelings? Homesickness of wanderers on August 15th. )
Sixth, summarize the full text and expand it.
1. Learn to recite and feel the emotions expressed by ancient poems.
2. Collect ancient poems describing Mid-Autumn Festival customs or homesickness after class and communicate with classmates.
blackboard-writing design
Watching the moon on fifteen nights
Sigh at the moon
2. Three knowledge points of ancient poetry in the third lesson of sixth grade Chinese.
I. Author's Brief Introduction Han Yi (7 19-788), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Tianbao 13 (754) was admitted to Jinshi. When Jian 'an was in middle age, he was appreciated for writing an article "Cold Food", and he was promoted constantly, and finally became an official in middle school. Han Yi's poems were light in brushwork and unique in scenery, and were widely read at that time. His main works are: Cold Food, Old Friends on the River, Liu Family, You Xian Temple, Autumn Night and Poetry, etc.
Wang Jian (768-825): A poet in the Tang Dynasty, whose word is Zhong Chu. He is good at Yuefu poetry, and is as famous as Zhang Ji, and is known as the "Zhang Wang" in the world. His poems about Tian Jia, Silkworm Maid, Weaver Maid and Shipman reflected the social reality at that time. Main works: Tian Jiaxing, Shuifu Ballad, Lin Yuxing, Shooting Tiger, Gu Congjun, etc.
Second, I can write word groups.
Hou: hóu (princes, princes, princes)
Chapter: zhāng (movement, chapter, disorder)
Weeping: Qi (weeping, sobbing, sobbing)
English: English (abundance, profit, tears in eyes)
Pulse: mà (affectionate and gentle)
Habitat: Q: (Shelter, habitat, amphibians)
Crow: yā (graffiti, crow, silence)
Third, polyphonic characters.
Biography: chuán (Legend) zhuan (Biography)
Pulse: pulse (mountain range) (pulse)
3. Three knowledge points of ancient poetry in the third lesson of sixth grade Chinese.
First, understand the cold food of ancient poetry
Poetic and picturesque: In spring, catkins are flying everywhere in Beijing, and there are countless red flowers. Cold food festival, the east wind blows the willow in the imperial city. As night falls, the palace is busy giving new fires, and light smoke is scattered into rich and powerful people.
Distant Altair
Poetry: the distant Altair, the bright Vega. Stretch out slender white hands and weave through. The weaver girl couldn't knit a complete pattern all day and cried like rain. The Milky Way is very clear and shallow, but how far apart? We can't talk just across a clear river.
Watching the moon on fifteen nights
Poetry: Moonlight shines on the courtyard floor, crows inhabit the trees, and autumn dew silently wets the osmanthus in the courtyard. The bright moon is in the sky tonight, and everyone in the world is looking up. I wonder whose side this autumn's feelings will fall on?
Second, the problem summary.
1. What kind of scenery is written in the poem Cold Food? How to describe it?
This poem uses the technique of line drawing. The first two sentences of the poem describe the scenery during the day, the charming spring scenery and the scenery of catkins flying and falling red in the palace garden. The last two sentences are about the night scene, which vividly depicts a picture of lighting candles at night, making people see the light of candles and smell the faint smoke.
2. Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan female. What are the functions of these two sentences in the whole poem?
The first two sentences put pen to paper from two places, saying that the cow is "far" and the weaver girl is "bright". Reminiscent of wanderers far from home and women waiting by the river.
3. "I don't know where Qiu Si landed" in "Looking at the Moon on Fifteen Nights" euphemistically expresses the homesickness of the wanderer. Among the ancient poems you read, what other similar poems are there? Communicate with classmates.
The Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei's "Thinking of Shandong Brothers in Mountain Holidays" is that "when people are in a foreign land, they miss their relatives twice every festive season". I know from a distance where my brother climbed, and there is one person missing from the dogwood. "Expressed my thoughts about my family.
Third, the theme of the text
Cold Food is realistic in the form of line drawing, portraying the style of the royal family, full of intoxication of the spring scenery of the imperial capital and praise for the prosperity and peace.
Farewell to the Cowherd, with the myth that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl were blocked by the Milky Way, expresses the feelings of women's parting and lovesickness, and writes the sadness that couples in the world can't get together.
Every two sentences in "Looking at the Moon on Fifteen Nights" have a meaning, which describes the moonlight and the feeling of looking at the moon on the Mid-Autumn Festival respectively, and shows a lonely, deserted and quiet picture on the Mid-Autumn Festival night. This poem begins with a description of the scenery and ends with lyricism, full of imagination and charm.
4. Three knowledge points of ancient poetry in the third lesson of sixth grade Chinese.
Cold food begins with the phrase "Spring City is full of flowers". "Spring City" refers to Chang 'an, the capital of spring. "Flying flowers", that is, petals fall in succession, indicating the late spring season. "Everywhere" turns into an affirmation in the form of a double negation, and then writes the charming spring scenery of the whole Chang 'an catkin flying and falling red. The second sentence, "Cold food, east wind and willow slanting", is about the scenery of the palace garden. "Imperial willow" refers to the willow in the imperial garden. At that time, it was a custom to break the willow door during the Cold Food Festival, and on Qingming Day, the emperor also issued a decree to give the fire of elm willow as a gift to the recent minister to show his favor. Therefore, the poet deliberately cut out the "imperial willow" fluttering in the wind in the infinite spring.
The first two sentences of the poem are written during the day, and the last two sentences are written at night: "When the sun sets, candles are passed in the Han Palace, and light smoke is scattered into the Wuhou House." Sunset is evening. "Han Palace" refers to the imperial palace in the Tang Dynasty. "Five Hou" generally refers to five eunuchs who were sealed on the same day in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Here, the Han Dynasty is used as a metaphor for the Tang Dynasty, alluding to eunuchs who have been favored by the emperor since the middle Tang Dynasty. Every family can't make a fire on the Cold Food Festival, but the palace is an exception. Before dark, the palace was busy distributing candles. In addition to the palace, your near minister can also get this favor. The poem vividly depicts a picture of candles passing by at night with "passing" and "scattering", which makes people see the light of candles and smell the faint smoke. It is a long-standing custom in China to ban fire from cold food, but powerful ministers can make an exception and place candles. The poet made a euphemistic satire on this corrupt political phenomenon.
This poem is good at selecting typical themes, quoting appropriate allusions and satirizing eunuch spoil and autocratic corruption. Although the style of writing is exquisite, readers can still understand the theme of the poem under the hint of historical allusions and the confirmation of the social situation in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Distant Altair
This poem is about a couple holding a cow and a weaver girl in the sky, but the point of view is on the ground, which is to observe the parting pain of their husband and wife from the perspective of a third party. The first two sentences are written in two places, saying that the cow is far away and the weaver girl is bright. Titiao and Jiao Jiao have different views on each other, so we can't be persistent. The morning glory is also bright, and the weaver girl is far away. They are all so far away and so bright. However, it is easy to think of a wanderer far away from home with a petunia belonging to a distant relative, and it is also easy to think of the beauty of a woman with a weaver girl belonging to a distant relative. In this case, it seems that they can no longer be interchanged. If it is intertextual, it will be changed to "Morning Glory, Far River Girl", and the interest will be reduced by half. The subtlety of poetic language can be seen here. The reason why the Weaver Girl is called "Hehan Girl" is to make up three syllables and avoid using "Weaver Girl" in three words. The former sentence uses "Altair" and the latter sentence uses "Vega", which is neither rhyming nor monotonous. Girl in the River is much more vivid. "Hehan Woman" refers to a woman on the edge of the Milky Way, which is more reminiscent of a real woman and ignores that she is a star. I don't know if the author took such pains when writing poems. Anyway, different writing methods have different artistic effects. In a word, the arrangement of the ten words "Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan Girl" can be said to be the most ingenious arrangement and the most muddy effect.
The following four sentences are devoted to the Weaver Girl, saying that although she has been weaving for a day, she can't weave a horse because she is sad. "Fine jade hand" means fine jade hand. In order to compete with the next sentence "Zhazha plays on the loom", the sentence structure has been changed. "Zhuo" means painting, painting and approaching extension. "Zhazha" is the sound of the loom. Rafts are shuttles on looms. The poet used the word "get" here. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Four Dry": "It is a woman who is born with a back tile." This word means to play, to play. Although the weaver girl stretched out her plain hand, she was not interested in knitting. She just fondled the loom and burst into tears. "There is nothing to write all day" translated into The Book of Songs Dadong means: "There is a weaver girl who has seven fragrant flowers all day long. Although it is seven, it is not a newspaper. "
The last four sentences are the poet's lament: "He Han is pure and shallow, how much is the difference?" When Ying Ying sleeps, her pulse is silent. "Through the Milky Way of Petunia and Weaver Girl, it is clear and shallow, and Petunia and Weaver Girl are not far apart. Although only separated by a water, they can't talk to each other. " "Yingying" is interpreted as describing the shallowness of water, or not describing water. The word "pulse" and the next sentence both describe the weaver girl. Notes of six ministers in Selected Works: "Yingying is beautiful. "This is exact. Many people think that "Yingying" must describe water before "Yishui". But the original intention of surplus is overflow. If we describe water, we should also describe its fullness, not its shallowness. Interpreting the greeting as shallow is influenced by the above "the rivers are clear and shallow", not the original intention of welcoming. " Yingying appears in Selected Works. In addition to this poem, there is also "Yingying is an upstairs girl and a bright window". See also nineteen ancient poems. Shan Li's note: "Guangya said:' Win it, endure it.' Surplus and victory are the same, and the old saying goes. "This is to describe the beauty of women's manners, so the E.N.T. Notes are extended to" Li Duan ". Another example is Shang Mo Sang by Han Yuefu: "Ying Ying gave cloth to the public, and Ran Ran gave Zhong Chao." It also describes people's behavior. Since the Weaver Girl is called the Hehan Girl, the beauty of her appearance is also reflected between Hehan, which means "a full water". "Pulse", Shan Li's note: "Er Ya said" pulse, look at each other ". Guo Pu said,' The pulse is looking at the phase'. " "No word for pulse" means that although Hehan is shallow, Weaver Girl and Penny can only look at each other with the pulse and don't talk.
There are ten sentences in this poem, six of which use reduplicated words, namely "Tiaotiao", "Jiao Jiao", "Fairy Fairy", "Miscellaneous", "Ying Ying" and "Pulse". These overlapping words make this poem concise, beautiful and interesting. Especially in the last two sentences, if the image of a young woman full of sadness is presented on paper, it is a rare sentence with meaningful and muddy style.
Watching the moon on fifteen nights
This is a seven-character quatrain written by Philip Burkart on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival. In folk customs, the formation of Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history. The poet looks at the moon and sighs, but the writing is completely different from other Mid-Autumn poems, which is very creative and memorable.
"Bai Shu Crow in the Atrium" clearly describes the environment of enjoying the moon, and secretly writes the modality of the characters, which is refined and implicit. The words "Arboreal Crow" are simple, concise and concise, which not only describes the life of crows and magpies in trees, but also sets off the silence of the moonlit night. "Coody Leng Silent Wet Osmanthus fragrans", after the last sentence, further rendered the Mid-Autumn Festival night with the help of emotion. Describe the cold air coming, sweet-scented osmanthus pleasant scene.
"I don't know who Qiu Si will fall into tonight." These two sentences were written suddenly, from the author's group of people watching the moon to the people watching the moon all over the world, from the activities of enjoying the moon to the thinking of people and the future, the artistic conception is broad and implicit. The word "Luo" is novel, appropriate and extraordinary. It gives a vivid feeling, as if Qiu Si had fallen into the world with the glory of silver moon.
5. Three original poems in the third lesson of sixth grade Chinese.
Cold food [Tang] Han Yi
Spring city/nowhere/no/flying flowers, cold food/east wind/imperial/willow oblique.
Sunset/Han Palace/Legend/Candle fire, light smoke/scattered into/Wuhou home.
Distant Altair
Titiao/Petunia/Star, Jiao Jiao/He Han/Female.
Slim hands, clean hands, clean hands.
All day, tears poured down.
He's simple, how bad is his complex?
Yingying ∕ Yishui ∕, pulse ∕ non ∕.
Watching the moon on fifteen nights
Wang Jian
Atrium/Ground White/Tree/Habitat Crow, Coody Leng/Silent/Wet/Osmanthus fragrans.
Tonight/moonlight/people/hope, I want to know/Qiu Si/autumn/whose home?