background
China was defeated by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-0/894+65438. 1in the spring of 895, the B-class scholar finished his exam in Beijing and waited for the list to be released. The sudden news that treaty of shimonoseki ceded Taiwan Province Province and Liaodong, and paid 22,000 yuan in compensation, reached the news that the juren who took the exam in Beijing was furious. Taiwan Province juren is crying. On April 22nd, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao signed a book entitled 18000 words "The Book of the Emperor in the Present", which received a response from 18 province and was signed by more than 200 people. On May 2nd, under the leadership of Kang and Liang, juren from 18 provinces and thousands of citizens gathered in the "Duchayuan" to perform.
content
Against signing treaty of shimonoseki. Put forward the idea of "refusing peace, moving the capital, training and reforming the law"
Results and effects
The petition was rejected by the Qing government, but it had a great impact on society. Later, with the call of "strengthening reform", Kang Youwei and others published newspapers in Beijing, Shanghai and other places to publicize the reform ideas. Yan Fu and Tan Sitong also promoted reform ideas in other places. Later, Emperor Guangxu launched Kang Youwei and others, known in history as the Reform Movement of 1898 (Hundred Days Reform). Although both the bus petition and the Reform Movement of 1898 ended in failure, the idea of reform has awakened and inspired more and more China people to save the country and played an important role in the modern history of China.
Provided by experts: Respondent: He Huaxian-College Entrance Examination History11-1419: 32.
Imperial examination candidates jointly wrote to the emperor.
The letter written on the bus in history refers to that in the 21st year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1895), Kang Youwei led thousands of juren, including Liang Qichao, to write to Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, opposing the Qing government defeated by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 to sign the treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated the country. It is regarded as a sign that the reformists stepped onto the historical stage, and it is also the beginning of China's popular political movement.
Its background comes from the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 1894+65438, and China was defeated by Japan. 1in the spring of 895, the B-class scholar finished his exam in Beijing and waited for the list to be released. The sudden news that treaty of shimonoseki ceded Taiwan Province Province and Liaodong and compensated 22,000 yuan reached Beijing, and the people who took the exam were furious. Taiwan Province juren is crying. On April 22nd, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao signed a book entitled 18000 words "The Book of the Emperor in the Present", which received a response from 18 province and was signed by more than 200 people. On May 2nd, under the leadership of Kang and Liang, juren from 18 provinces and thousands of citizens gathered in the "Duchayuan" to perform.
According to the traditional history textbook, opponents opposed the signing of treaty of shimonoseki. Put forward the idea of "refusing peace, moving the capital, training and reforming the law" The petition was rejected by the Qing government, but it had a great impact on society. Later, with the call of "strengthening reform", Kang Youwei and others published newspapers in Beijing, Shanghai and other places to publicize the reform ideas. Yan Fu and Tan Sitong also promoted reform ideas in other places. Later, Emperor Guangxu launched Kang Youwei and others, known in history as the Reform Movement of 1898 (Hundred Days Reform). Although both the bus petition and the Reform Movement of 1898 ended in failure, the idea of reform has awakened and inspired more and more China people to save the country and played an important role in the modern history of China.
Historical correction: among all the "conclusions" about the Reform Movement of 1898, "writing on the bus" is an important plot. Looking up the Dictionary of Modern History of China (Shanghai Dictionary, 82nd Edition), he said: "1895, after the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government sent Li Hongzhang to Japan to sign the treaty of shimonoseki, which aroused strong opposition from the people all over the country.
On May 2nd, Kang Youwei joined forces with 1300 people to attend the meeting in Song Jun Temple, and jointly wrote a letter to Emperor Guangxu ... Although the letter was rejected by Duchayuan, it was widely circulated throughout the country, which was the starting point for the bourgeois reform trend to develop into a political movement. Historically, it was called bus letter. For such a textbook, the historian Mr. Ming Jiang's new book "Heaven is Silent in the Dead Chess" categorically questioned: "This statement can be doubted. "
Mr. Jiang used the methods of self-testimony, other testimony and disproof to prove that this matter is actually very suspicious. In history, the story of "writing on the bus" was mostly based on Kang's own article "writing on the bus", but the preface of "writing on the bus" published in Shanghai on May 24 of that year said that on May 2, the bus "heard that the news was fixed and could not be saved, so it was discussed in groups." The author also consulted Weng Tonghe's daily diary and listed the daily work accounts of the emperor and Duchayuan, proving that there was absolutely no case that 1300 buses marched to Duchayuan and were rejected that day. According to the court file, it is proved that "refusal" does not exist. At that time, it was far more than buses that wrote letters opposing the signing of the treaty. First, on April 14, a large number of on-the-job officials began to appear one after another. Since April 30th, Duchayuan has written a lot of letters every day. On May 2nd alone, it received 8 batches of public comments from 7 provinces, with a total of 342 signatures. It didn't end until May 8th, with a total of 365,438+0 books and 65,438+0,555 signatories. Among them, 80 people headed by Liang Qichao wrote books in Guangdong, just one of many books. Therefore, the author believes that the so-called "bus petition" initiated by Kang Youwei does not exist as a "historical event", but can only be called "bus rally" or "bus petition" at most.
History is in the details! Sometimes, "confirmation" is tireless, and "falsification" is enough! People show you the days day by day, and you find that those W's are all wrong. The time, place, people and number of people don't match the news broadcast, which is basically fake news! Then, it analyzes Kang Youwei from his thoughts, personality, goals, means, officialdom system, the way of being an official, propaganda and packaging, historical role and so on. And reveals the reasons for the birth of this "fake news".
We have all read modern history. Someone tells you different details, forcing you to re-examine your past "knowledge"; Moreover, the author uses a beautiful prose style, which gives you a sense of surprise in a comfortable reading state. Isn't the book worth reading in this way?
Mr. Ming Jiang's name was heard more than ten years ago-a Shanghainese who was addicted to anecdotes in Beijing at the end of the Qing Dynasty and talked about the Beiyang Navy-when I followed Mr. Qian Gang to run Sanlian Life Weekly, I knew that he and Ming Jiang had visited the old traces of celebrities in hutong and arranged it as the "homework" of journalists who were being trained. Later, when I saw the booklet "Flying Fleet with Dragon Flag", I said that the history of Beiyang Navy knew that this was the "Ming Jiang". Later, the book of the same name, which was enriched and expanded, was reprinted by Sanlian Bookstore, and I was unambiguous at first glance. When reading, the solid stories with fascinating materials and vivid ideas, coupled with cutting-edge writing methods, make our history half-baked. People who buy books often recognize an author or even an editor, which is probably a "brand". This is my "obedience" to Huang Renyu, Wu Si, Mao Haijian and editor Pan Zhenping, including Ming Jiang.
History is history. When those things happen and evolve, some interests or values are observed. There is no definition of revolution, counter-revolution, progress, retrogression, patriotism, betrayal, good guys and bad guys. Those labels were made by later generations according to the conformity at that time. Even if you accept it, you should first look at the classification manuals of those labels to see if this is the case. Historian Ming Jiang tells us in his book that Li Hongzhang, who signed the treaty of shimonoseki, knew that he would bear eternal infamy, but he still suffered. Even Tan Sitong, the world-famous first martyr of the political reform, once wrote a plan to sell Mongolia, Xinjiang and Qinghai to Britain and Russia to raise money for the political reform!
In common sense, motivation and effect, purpose and means, label and immanence are often two different things. For example, Kang Youwei fabricated the fake news about "writing on the bus", and the author has a judgment of understanding history: "In him, there is a strong desire to care about the fate of the country and hope for reform and prosperity, and a practical spirit to join the practical movement, as well as a personality defect of quick success, vanity and conceit, and narrow extremes. This is the immature image given by history to the leader of the reform movement in China. "
References:
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Responder: 1 Zhisan 9- Great Magician Level 811-kloc-0/419: 33
The bus petition in history refers to that in the 21st year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1895), Kang Youwei led thousands of juren, including Liang Qichao, to jointly write a letter to Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, opposing the Qing government defeated by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War to sign the treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated the country. It is regarded as a sign that the reformists stepped onto the historical stage, and it is also the beginning of China's popular political movement.
Its background comes from the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 1894+65438, and China was defeated by Japan. 1in the spring of 895, the B-class scholar finished his exam in Beijing and waited for the list to be released. The sudden news that treaty of shimonoseki ceded Taiwan Province Province and Liaodong and compensated 22,000 yuan reached Beijing, and the people who took the exam were furious. Taiwan Province juren is crying. On April 22nd, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao signed a book entitled 18000 words "The Book of the Emperor in the Present", which received a response from 18 province and was signed by more than 200 people. On May 2nd, under the leadership of Kang and Liang, juren from 18 provinces and thousands of citizens gathered in the "Duchayuan" to perform.
According to the traditional history textbook, opponents opposed the signing of treaty of shimonoseki. Put forward the idea of "refusing peace, moving the capital, training and reforming the law" The petition was rejected by the Qing government, but it had a great impact on society. Later, with the call of "strengthening reform", Kang Youwei and others published newspapers in Beijing, Shanghai and other places to publicize the reform ideas. Yan Fu and Tan Sitong also promoted reform ideas in other places. Later, Emperor Guangxu launched Kang Youwei and others, known in history as the Reform Movement of 1898 (Hundred Days Reform). Although both the bus petition and the Reform Movement of 1898 ended in failure, the idea of reform has awakened and inspired more and more China people to save the country and played an important role in the modern history of China.
Historical correction: among all the "conclusions" about the Reform Movement of 1898, "writing on the bus" is an important plot. Looking up the Dictionary of Modern History of China (Shanghai Dictionary, 82nd Edition), he said: "1895, after the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government sent Li Hongzhang to Japan to sign the treaty of shimonoseki, which aroused strong opposition from the people all over the country.
On May 2nd, Kang Youwei joined forces with 1300 people to attend the meeting in Song Jun Temple, and jointly wrote a letter to Emperor Guangxu ... Although the letter was rejected by Duchayuan, it was widely circulated throughout the country, which was the starting point for the bourgeois reform trend to develop into a political movement. Historically, it was called bus letter. For such a textbook, the historian Mr. Ming Jiang's new book "Heaven is Silent in the Dead Chess" categorically questioned: "This statement can be doubted. "
Mr. Jiang used the methods of self-testimony, other testimony and disproof to prove that this matter is actually very suspicious. In history, the story of "writing on the bus" was mostly based on Kang's own article "writing on the bus", but the preface of "writing on the bus" published in Shanghai on May 24 of that year said that on May 2, the bus "heard that the news was fixed and could not be saved, so it was discussed in groups." The author also consulted Weng Tonghe's daily diary and listed the daily work accounts of the emperor and Duchayuan, proving that there was absolutely no case that 1300 buses marched to Duchayuan and were rejected that day. According to the court file, it is proved that "refusal" does not exist. At that time, it was far more than buses that wrote letters opposing the signing of the treaty. First, on April 14, a large number of on-the-job officials began to appear one after another. Since April 30th, Duchayuan has written a lot of letters every day. On May 2nd alone, it received 8 batches of public comments from 7 provinces, with a total of 342 signatures. It didn't end until May 8th, with a total of 365,438+0 books and 65,438+0,555 signatories. Among them, 80 people headed by Liang Qichao wrote books in Guangdong, just one of many books. Therefore, the author believes that the so-called "bus petition" initiated by Kang Youwei does not exist as a "historical event", but can only be called "bus rally" or "bus petition" at most.
History is in the details! Sometimes, "confirmation" is tireless, and "falsification" is enough! People show it to you day by day, only to find that those w's are all wrong. The time, place, people and number of people are not in line with the news broadcast, so it's basically fake news! Then, it analyzes Kang Youwei from his thoughts, personality, goals, means, officialdom system, the way of being an official, propaganda and packaging, historical role and so on. And reveals the reasons for the birth of this "fake news".
We have all read modern history. Someone tells you different details, forcing you to re-examine your past "knowledge"; Moreover, the author uses a beautiful prose style, which gives you a sense of surprise in a comfortable reading state. Isn't the book worth reading in this way?
Mr. Ming Jiang's name was heard more than ten years ago-a Shanghainese who was addicted to anecdotes in Beijing at the end of the Qing Dynasty and talked about the Beiyang Navy-when I followed Mr. Qian Gang to run Sanlian Life Weekly, I knew that he and Ming Jiang had visited the old traces of celebrities in hutong and arranged it as the "homework" of journalists who were being trained. Later, when I saw the booklet "Flying Fleet with Dragon Flag", I said that the history of Beiyang Navy knew that this was the "Ming Jiang". Later, the book of the same name, which was enriched and expanded, was reprinted by Sanlian Bookstore, and I was unambiguous at first glance. When reading, the solid stories with fascinating materials and vivid ideas, coupled with cutting-edge writing methods, make our history half-baked. People who buy books often recognize an author or even an editor, which is probably a "brand". This is my "obedience" to Huang Renyu, Wu Si, Mao Haijian and editor Pan Zhenping, including Ming Jiang.
History is history. When those things happen and evolve, some interests or values are observed. There is no definition of revolution, counter-revolution, progress, retrogression, patriotism, betrayal, good guys and bad guys. Those labels were made by later generations according to the conformity at that time. Even if you accept it, you should first look at the classification manuals of those labels to see if this is the case. Historian Ming Jiang tells us in his book that Li Hongzhang, who signed the treaty of shimonoseki, knew that he would bear eternal infamy, but he still suffered. Even Tan Sitong, the world-famous first martyr of the political reform, once wrote a plan to sell Mongolia, Xinjiang and Qinghai to Britain and Russia to raise money for the political reform!
In common sense, motivation and effect, purpose and means, label and immanence are often two different things. For example, Kang Youwei fabricated the fake news about "writing on the bus", and the author has a judgment of understanding history: "In him, there is a strong desire to care about the fate of the country and hope for reform and prosperity, a practical spirit to devote himself to real sports, and a personality defect of quick success and instant benefit, vanity and conceit, and narrowness and extremes. This is the immature image given by history to the leader of the reform movement in China. "