The rule of Zhenguan refers to the peaceful and prosperous times in the early Tang Dynasty. Because Emperor Taizong can appoint people on their merits and make good use of them; Open the way, modestly coachable, reuse Wei Zhi, etc. And adopted the agriculture-oriented, tax reduction, rest and recuperation, strict economy, improve the imperial examination system and other policies to stabilize the society. At that time, the national title was Zhenguan (627-649), which was called Zhenguan Governance in history. This was the first prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan later. 1。 During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the population decreased by more than 20 million during the war. At the end of the war, fewer people and more people were the most important reason for Zhenguan's rule. 2。 Sui initiated the Grand Canal and Imperial Examination, and the labor in the Grand Canal led to the demise of Sui, but all these contributed to the emergence of Zhenguan rule. The creation of the Grand Canal had its disadvantages at that time, but its merits were in the future. 3。 Li Shimin learned the lessons of the failure in the early Sui Dynasty, just as he learned the lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty, and let the people recuperate. Li Shimin himself can basically give advice with an open mind. However, the late Li Shimin has changed, and it is no longer so open-minded and disciplined. Instead of letting the people recuperate, they triumphed and failed to conquer North Korea. These are the reasons why the rule of chastity can't last long.

On Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin

Li Shimin (599 ~ 649), Emperor Taizong, was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty. His name meant to save the world and help the people. After Taizong's death, it was named as the temple. He was also a strategist and politician in the Tang Dynasty. He initiated the famous rule of chastity in history and pushed the feudal society of China to its peak. He made a great contribution to the Tang Dynasty all his life, mainly manifested in his father's expedition to eliminate other anti-Sui forces before his rule, and his reforms during his rule promoted the prosperity and development of the Tang Dynasty. During his life, Li Shimin was one of the few wise kings in the history of China who could conquer and rule the world, and he promoted the development of feudal society in China.

After the demise of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan began to eliminate other anti-Sui forces, helping him to eliminate the separatist forces such as Xue Ju, Xue, Li Gui, Liu Wuzhou, Wang, Dou Jiande, Xiao Xian and Liang in ten years. In this campaign, he showed Li Shimin's extraordinary talent, made meritorious military service repeatedly, and established a high prestige among court ministers. Li Yuan's repeated questioning of the heirs led to the contradiction between his sons Li, Li Yuanji and Li. After the Xuanwumen Rebellion, Li Yuan was placed under house arrest and forced to cede the throne to Li Shimin, and Li Yuan abdicated as the emperor's father. In 626 AD, Li Shimin acceded to the throne, and the title was changed to Zhenguan the following year.

After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he was prepared for danger in times of peace, appointed talented people and cherished them, and carried out a series of political and military reforms, which eventually contributed to social stability, production development, prosperity of the country and prosperity of the people. During his reign, he took many effective measures to consolidate the rule of the Tang Dynasty.

He is a good emperor.

First, to establish a monarch for the people means to govern the people and be their parents.

Second, the people support the monarch. Rulers rely on the support of the ruled, "food is the sky for the people."

Third, the elected monarch. The status of a monarch is based on the obedience and support of the people. If the people no longer obey the monarch, the monarch is not a monarch.

The basic conclusion of the people-oriented theory is that "if you want to be a monarch, you must first save the people." As the basic strategy of governing Angu, this understanding includes several aspects, namely, the rulers should govern by doing nothing, abstain from prostitution, care for the people, conform to the people's will, and take agriculture as the foundation. Li Shimin summarized his thought of governing the people as "eliminating extravagance and saving money, and choosing officials lightly". Li Shimin's people-oriented thought is a synthesis of previous people-oriented thought and practice. It promoted social development and laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. However, people-oriented is based on autocratic rule and has nothing to do with democratic thought, which is the theoretical basis of self-regulation of monarchy politics. The degree of its realization mainly depends on the rulers, and the effect is very limited. Li Shimin's weakening of people-oriented concept in his later years also proves this point.

(2) The active coachee corrects and adjusts his thoughts. Exhortation is an important political activity in the era of monarchy, which is mainly manifested in the interaction between monarch and minister. It is an adjustment mechanism of monarchy. During Li Shimin's reign, he was generally able to listen to advice, and he was the best remonstrator in history. He also made theoretical thinking on "Nengchen" and "Quyi" in Han Shu Fan.

First of all, realize the necessity of being easily trained and its role in politics. Counseling has the function of brainstorming and can find and correct decision-making mistakes in time; Competency training has the following functions in official management: opening the door, preventing confinement, distinguishing between loyalty and evil, and mobilizing the enthusiasm of officials.

Second, it can be open to counseling and actively seek advice. Li Shimin believes that "the wise master thinks short and is good, while the dark master defends short and is always stupid". He thinks that different attitudes towards suggestions are the important differences between a wise teacher and a dark teacher. He encouraged his men to be honest and outspoken, and to a certain extent, he could "change as soon as he listens and listen to advice." Li Shimin not only dares to receive education, but also takes measures to encourage and advocate progress.

Li Shimin's thought and practice of remonstrating officials are very prominent among emperors in past dynasties. Under his conscious advocacy, a group of admonishers, represented by Wei Zhi, emerged during the Zhenguan period, forming a situation that "a scholar is a righteous man, benefiting the DPRK from admonition", and the political adjustment function of admonition was also well played. However, assistance is only a supplement to the autocratic system on the premise of affirming the monarchy, and its actual effect mainly depends on the attitude and ability of the monarch.

3. Emperor Taizong expanded the scale of Chinese studies, expanded the learning museum, increased the number of students, and strictly enrolled students. Wu Zetian initiated the "court examination" and created her own "martial arts", with as many as 10,000 candidates.

Emperor Taizong, a famous monarch of one generation

The merits of Zhenguan will last forever.

First, sum up experience and lessons, and choose Ren Xian as the official and coachable as the magnanimous one.

Two, diligence and self-discipline, strict legal system, the development of the national economy.

Three. Harmonious coexistence and harmonious ethnic relations

Fourth, communicate with foreign countries and spread the world's prosperous Tang Dynasty.

"Zhenguan Governance" is the achievement of Tang Taizong, an outstanding politician in ancient China. This paper expounds the main achievements of Emperor Taizong from three aspects: politics, economy and culture. These measures constitute the main content of "Zhenguan rule", which is in sharp contrast with the tyranny at the end of Sui Dynasty. Its contents include: politically, appointing sages and being open-minded. To continue and strengthen the system of three provinces and six ministries and establish a new prime minister system, it is necessary for officials of the three provinces to perform their duties and really play a role in mutual supervision. It should also be noted that Emperor Taizong made great efforts to streamline the central and local administrative organs and officials, which improved administrative efficiency, saved financial expenses and helped to reduce the burden on working people. The development of Daxing Academy and Imperial Examination expanded the foundation of Tang Dynasty's rule. Economically: develop production rashly. The above measures conform to the law of historical development. The vast number of farmers live and work in peace and contentment, and strive to quickly change the withered scene in rural areas, so that the economy can quickly resume development. As a result, the political situation is relatively clear, the economy is initially prosperous, ethnic relations are harmonious, and society is peaceful, which is called "the rule of Zhenguan" in history.

The Biography of Wu Zetian clarified two issues: First, from Tang Gaozong to the Emperor of Zhou Dynasty, Wu Zetian gradually came to power by helping Emperor Gaozong to handle political affairs. Secondly, the rule of Wu Zetian. First, attach importance to the development of agricultural production and reward agriculture and mulberry. Second, breaking the rules of employing people, reusing talented officials and expanding the social foundation of their political power have played a certain role in the consolidation and prosperity of feudal countries.

Kaiyuan Shi Sheng. This is also the key knowledge of this lesson, which can summarize the main achievements of Xuanzong in the early years of Tang Dynasty, and these achievements constitute the main content of Kaiyuan Shengshi. For his achievements, the teaching materials mainly focus on appointing virtuous officials, rectifying official management and attaching importance to agricultural production. The above policies have promoted the further development of social economy, thus forming a prosperous situation of political stability, economic prosperity, cultural prosperity and strong national strength, which is known as the "Kaiyuan Shengshi" in history.

{Establishment → Prosperity {Rise-Zhenguan Governance ← Achievements of Emperor Taizong

Sui → Tang Succession —— Wu Zetian's Rule/Wu Zetian's Achievements

unify

Peak-Achievements of Kaiyuan Shengshi/Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty

(1) Zhenguan Law (627-649)

During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the society was relatively stable, the politics was relatively clear, the social economy was prosperous, and the national strength gradually became stronger, which was called "the rule of Zhenguan". (2) Following the land equalization system since the Northern Wei Dynasty, farmers obtained a certain amount of land and implemented the land equalization system. In particular, the "mediocre" system can replace silk to ensure farmers' production time, which is objectively beneficial to the development of agricultural production and increase national income. Politically, the system of three provinces and six departments and the imperial examination system have been followed and improved; Emperor Taizong was good at employing people and coachable. Wei Zhi, Seeking in the Room, Du Duan.

Wu Zetian: (1) Attaching importance to agriculture, promoting talents, sustained social and economic development, and continuous and long-term policies.

Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Kaiyuan Prosperity;

(1) The achievements of Emperor Taizong and Wu Zetian laid the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan;

(2) The appointment of Yao Chong and Song Jing has no doubt about its credibility and has played a great role in achieving political stability.

(3) Laying off redundant officials, rectifying bureaucrats and eliminating monks and nuns.

Emperor Taizong and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty

Knowing people in politics is good, selecting talents and appointing people.

Empty-minded trainees refresh official management.

Reform politics and restrict Buddhism.

Implement the recruitment system

Reduce corvee and tax.

Persuade farmers to mulberry

Save water conservancy and vigorously develop production.

Avoid extravagance and keep it simple.

Culture prospers imperial examinations and promotes civil affairs.

Universities develop imperial examinations.

Wu Zetian's achievements mainly include three points: first, breaking the rules of employing people and developing the imperial examination system; Second, attach importance to the development of agricultural production. This is Wu Zetian's most important contribution to history. During the reign of Wu Zetian, the national situation in the Tang Dynasty continued to rise. This was an era of inheriting the rule of Zhenguan and creating the rule of Kaiyuan, which not only enabled the policy of Emperor Taizong to continue, but also paved the way for the prosperity of Kaiyuan.