The earliest title of Shangshu was Shu, which was written in the first five centuries. The traditional Shangshu (also known as Jinwen Shangshu) was handed down by Fu Sheng. Legend is left over from the "Three Graves and Five Codes" of ancient culture.
Twenty-eight pieces of Shangshu dictated by Fu Sheng, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, are modern versions of Shangshu. When King Lu Gong demolished a section of the wall of Confucius' former residence, he found another piece of Shangshu, which is an ancient version of Shangshu. In the battle of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, the modern and ancient versions of Shangshu were all lost. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Shi Meihuan of Zhang Yu presented a history book to the court, including 33 modern literature histories and 25 ancient literature pseudographs.
Shangshu is listed as one of the important core Confucian classics, and "Shang" means "Shang". Shangshu is an ancient book. It is a compilation of ancient historical documents of China and some works tracing back ancient deeds, and it is the earliest compilation of historical documents in China.
20 18, 1 1, the research results of bamboo slips in the Warring States period in Tsinghua University were released, among which the ancient prose Shangshu was forged by later generations.
Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the source reliability of some of its contents has been questioned. In the early Qing dynasty, these titles were classified as "fake books" in mainstream academic circles, and even excluded from Shangshu. In recent ten years, with the development of unearthed literature research, the understanding of ancient Shangshu literature has been greatly expanded.
Extended data
According to legend, Shangshu was compiled for Confucius. In his later years, Confucius devoted himself to sorting out ancient books and collected all kinds of important documents from ancient Yao and Shun to Qin Mugong in the Spring and Autumn Period. After careful editing and selection, 65,438+000 books were selected, which is the origin of hundreds of history books. According to legend, after Confucius compiled Shangshu, it was used as a teaching material to educate students. In Confucianism, Shangshu occupies an extremely important position. However, in fact, scholars in the Western Han Dynasty compared twenty-eight articles in Shangshu with twenty-eight lodges, and the hundred articles in Shangshu were later generations.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he issued a book burning order, banning people from collecting books. Poems, books and hundreds of works collected by the people should be sent to the government for centralized burning. The burning of books in Qin dynasty brought a devastating blow to the spread of Shangshu, and almost all the manuscripts of Shangshu were burned.
In the Western Han Dynasty, it is said that when King Lu Gong demolished a section of the wall of Confucius' former residence, he found another book, Shangshu, which was written in the font of the Six Kingdoms period before Qin Dynasty, and people called it the ancient prose Shangshu. According to Kong Anguo, a descendant of Confucius, there are 16 more ancient books "Shangshu" in China than the current "Shangshu".
However, during the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were Biography of Kong Anguo and Preface to Shangshu. At that time, one piece of Qin Shi was lost, so there were 59 pieces of Shangshu. Most of the history books that have been circulated for more than 2,000 years are compiled according to this book presented by Geng Mei.
Shangshu suffered a lot. In the Qing Dynasty, Duan Yucai said in "Classical Chinese Classics": "Classics is the most respected and the most detached. The fire of Qin dynasty, one also. Dr. Han suppressed ancient prose, second. Ma and Zheng don't pay attention to ancient prose, but they are also three. There were pseudo-ancient prose in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Tang Dynasty's "Justice" does not use horses and Zheng, but uses pseudo-holes, five also. Tianbao changed the word, six also. Song Kaibao's Reform of Interpretation of the Text, VII. Seven preparations, the ancient prose is dead. "